In The Blink Of An Eye (48 page)

Hercules beetle

Heron Island

Herring, Peter

herrings

Hertz, Heinrich

Himalayas

Hinton, H. E.

Holbein, Hans the Younger

Holmes, Sherlock

holochroal eyes

holograms

Hooke, Robert

hornbills

horses

horseshoe crabs

hot springs

Hou Xianguang

houseflies

Hoyle, Sir Fred

humans: courtship rituals; eyes; handedness

humidity, and structural colours

hummingbirds

hunting, mammoths;
see also
predators

Huxley, Sir Andrew

Huxley, Thomas

Huygens, Christiaan

hydrogen, photosynthesis

hydrothermal vents

hyenas

hyoliths

Ice Ages

ice caps

ice core studies

Iliffe, Thomas

Impressionists

India

Indian Ocean

Industrial Revolution

Ingram, Abigail

insects; in amber; camouflage; compound eyes; evolution from trilobites; sound detectors; ultraviolet vision

internal body plans; classification of animals; evolution of phyla; genetics; Precambrian evolution

intralensar bowl design

Inventors' Association

invisibility, silver colouration

iridescence: ammonites; bristle worms; in fossils; functions; lamp shells; Messel beetles; oval crabs; seed- shrimps; thin films

irises

isopods

jawless fish

jellyfish; body plan; Ediacaran fossils; eggs; eyes; light perception; Precambrian; senses; transparency

Jenkins, Farish Jr

Jesus Christ, reconstruction of face of

jumping spiders

Jurassic

Keable, Steve

Keats, John

Knoll, Andy

Korite

Kornicker, Louis

ladybirds

lamp shells

lampreys

lancelets

Land, Michael

Laws of Life

leaf insects

leaves: colour; corrugations; photosynthesis; pore data

leeches

lenses; calcite lenses; camera-type eyes; compound eyes; cornea as; focusing; graded lenses; in light perceivers; quartz lenses; spherical aberration; trilobite eyes

Leonardo da Vinci

leopards

life, origins of

light: adaptation to; and adaptive radiation; at night; bioluminescence; and camouflage colours; cave animals and lack of; changes in sunlight levels; and colour; creation of ‘niches'; diffraction gratings; evolution of oval crabs; extraterrestrial effects on levels; focusing; heliography; importance to evolution
; intralensar bowl design; ‘Light Switch' theory; liquid crystals; mirror eyes; nature of; polarisation; and rate of evolution; retinal destruction; seed-shrimp iridescence; as selection pressure; speed of; spherical aberration; thin films; trigger for evolution of eye; ultraviolet; under water

light perception; evolution of eyes; ocelli; in plants; in Precambrian; single-celled animals; size of receptors

Lightning Ridge

limpets

Linnaeus, Carl

lions

liquid crystals

living fossils

lizards

lobsters

Lowry, Jim

luciferase

luciferin

luminescence
see
bioluminescence

Lund University

Lutz, Herbert

McAlpine, David

‘McAlpine flies'

Mackenzie Mountains

McMenamin, Dianna Schulte

McMenamin, Mark

macro-evolution

Madagascar

maggots

magnetic detectors

Magrath, Alberta

majestic iridescent crab

mammals: evolution of; eyes; nocturnal animals; placentals; species

mammoths

Manchester University

marine caves

marlin

marsupials

mass extinctions

mating

Maxwell, James Clerk

mechanical receptors

media, evolution of news production

melanin

Messel beetles

meteorites

Mexico

mice

micro-evolution

microbes, revival of

Middleton, Kevin

Miller, Stanley

Milne Edwards, Henri

mimicry

minerals, and seawater transparency

mirrors: in compound eyes; dark-adapted eyes; mirror eyes; in telescopes; under water

mitochondria

moles

molluscs; Burgess Shale fossils; chemical receptors; eyeless; eyes; light perception; Precambrian; three-dimensional models

Monet, Claude

monitor lizards

monotremes

moray eels

Morin, Jim

morphometrics

mosasaurs

mosquitoes

moss animals

moths

Mount Cap

Mount Lofty

movement, visual appearance

Murchison meteorite

Museum of Antiquities, Leiden

Museum of Natural History, Oxford

mutations, genetic drift

Myodocopa

‘mysid' crustaceans

nacreous layer, shells

Naraoids

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

nautilus

nerves: chemical detectors; evolution of vision; mechanical receptors

New Caledonia

New Guinea

Newton, Sir Isaac

Nilsson, Dan-Eric

nitrogen dioxide

nocturnal animals

notched seed-shrimps
see
seed-shrimps

nucleic acids

nudibranchs (sea slugs)

Nularbor Plain

numb ray

oceans: bioluminescence; continental shelf; darkness; Permian extinction; ‘Snowball Earth' hypothesis; sunlight; transparency

ocelli

octopus

Ohio State University

oil reserves

onycophorans

Oort cloud

opal

Ophrys
orchids

optics

Oregon University

Orsten fossils

Osiris

ostracods
see
seed-shrimps

oval crabs

owls

Oxford University

oxygen: in atmosphere; nautilus breaths; Permian extinction

ozone layer

Pacific Ocean

Papua New Guinea

parasites

pea aphids

peacocks

peanut worms

Pelger, Susanne

Pennant, Thomas

peppered moths

Permian extinction event

Phacopina

phosphatisation, fossils

phosphorus

photography

photons

photosynthesis

phyla: Burgess Shale fossils; Cambrian explosion; classification of animals; evolution of; Precambrian period

pigments; in ancient Egyptian art; cave animals; chromatophores; colour mixing; in compound eyes; in fossils; purpose of; sea slugs

Pilbara

pines, Wollemi

pinhole eyes

Pissarro, Camille

pistol shrimps

placental mammals

plankton

plants: colours; corrugated leaves; fossils; light perception; photosynthesis; pore data

plate tectonics

Podocopa

polarisation, light

polyps, coral

pond snails

Portuguese man-of-war

Poulton, Sir Edward Bagnall

praying mantids

Precambrian; atmosphere; evolution of internal body plans; fossils; light perception; predators; proto-trilobites; ‘Snowball Earth' hypothesis

predators: bioluminescence and; Cambrian explosion; camouflage colouration; cave animals; eyes; laws of survival; nocturnal animals; in Precambrian; primary signs of; teeth; and warning colouration

prehistoric man

pressure receptors

prey species: defences; evolution; eyes; fossil evidence; Precambrian; survival strategies

priapulid worms

prisms

proteins

protists

proto-trilobites

puffer fish

punctuated equilibrium, evolution

pupils, pinhole eyes

quartz lenses

Queensland Museum

rabbits

radar

Raphael

Raw, Frank

Raymond, Percy

razor shells

red light: thin films; under water

reefs

reflectors and reflections: in ammonites; in camera-type eyes; dark-adapted eyes; diffraction gratings; gold leaf; jellyfish camouflage; lamp shells; liquid crystals; Messel beetles; opal; oval crabs; right-way-up flies; thin films; under water; upside-down flies

regressive evolution

relict fauna

remipedes

reptiles

retina; camera-type eyes; compound eyes; crustaceans; destruction of; fish eyes; jumping spiders; in light perceivers; mirror eyes; pinhole eyes

ribbon worms

Richie, Alex

right-way-up flies

Rittenhouse, David

rocks, sedimentary

Rocky Mountains

Romans

Royal Institution

Royal Tyrrell Museum, Alberta

Ruben, John

salamanders

scallops

Scavengers of East Australian Seas (SEAS) expedition

Schaal, Stephan

schizochroal eyes

scorpions

sea anemones

sea cucumbers

sea dragons

sea gooseberries

sea lice

sea lilies

sea mouse

sea pens

sea slugs
see
nudibranchs

sea spiders

sea squirts

sea urchins

Sedgwick, Adam

sediment, sea floor

sedimentary rocks

seed-shrimps; anatomy; ‘baked bean'; bioluminescence; courtship displays; evolution; eyes; fossils; iridescence; mating; SEAS expedition; shells; species

segmented worms

selection pressures: animals with eyes; colours; for hard parts; light; in low-light environments; predators; structural colours; survival factors

senses: cave animals; chemical receptors; evolution of; gravity detectors; magnetic detectors; mechanical receptors; at night; in Precambrian; pressure receptors; temperature receptors;
see also
vision

sessile eyes

sexual reproduction

Shaanxi province

shadows, camouflage

shape: adaptation to light; visual appearance

sharks

shells: evolution of; nacreous layer; nautilus and ammonoids; oval crabs; seed-shrimps; structural colours; trilobites

shrews

shrimps; colour of cave shrimps; diffraction gratings; eyes; sounds; ultraviolet vision

Shubin, Neil

Siberia

side-necked turtles

Sierra Madre Oriental

silica dioxide

silver colouration, fish

silver light, upside-down flies

silverfish insects

Simonetta, Alberto

simple eyes

single-celled organisms

Siveter, David

Siveter, Derek

size: deep-sea animals; of eyes; visual appearance

skin: chromatophores; processing of sensory information; silver colouration in fish

skull, reconstruction of face from

smell, sense of

Smith, John Maynard

Smith, Richard

Smithsonian Institution

snails

snakes

snapping shrimps

‘Snowball Earth' hypothesis

solar system

soldiers, use of colour

sonar

sound: detectors; oval crabs; snapping shrimps

South America

South-East Asia

species: classification; evolution; long-term survival

spectrum, diffraction gratings

Spence Shale

sperm

sperm whales