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Authors: Andrew Parker

In The Blink Of An Eye (47 page)

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Index
Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations and figures in the text.
Ausktribosphenos nyktos
Abe, Katsumi
Abyssal Plain
acetate, fossil casts
acorn worms
adaptation; beetle exoskeletons; to light; to vision;
see also
selection pressures
adaptive camouflage
adaptive radiation
Adoutte, André
Africa
Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe
agnathans
Akhenaten, Pharaoh
Alberta, Canada
alciopids
algae
Amazon river
amber, flies in
amino acids
Ammolite
ammonites
ammonoids
amoebae
amphipods
Ancalagon
angelfish
annelids
Anolis
lizards
Anomalocaris
Antarctica
antennae, seed-shrimps
apposition eyes
aragonite
Archimedes
Aristotle
ark clams
armies, use of colour
armour: evolution of; spines
arrow worms
art: ancient Egyptian; Impressionism
arthropods; Burgess Shale fossils; Cambrian explosion; defences; eyes; as predators; senses; three-dimensional models
Asheaia
Asia, plate tectonics
Astyanax mexicanus
Atlas moths
atmosphere: carbon dioxide levels; light levels; oxygenation of
auk, great
Aurelia aurita
Australia: Great Barrier Reef; placental mammals; SEAS expedition; sedimentary rocks; stromatolites; upside-down flies; Wollemi pines
Australian Museum
Australian Navy
Axial Seamount
Azygocypridina
Azygocypridina lowryi
bacteria: ancient spores; cyanobacteria; in hot springs; in hydrothermal vents; light perception
‘baked bean' seed-shrimps
Balavoine, Guillaume
Barrington, Daines
Bates, Henry
Bathynomus
bats
beach fleas
beaks, squid
bees
beetles: camouflage; exoskeleton adaptation; Messel beetles; pigments; structural colours; ultraviolet colouration
behaviour, adaptation to light
‘the bends'
Bengtson, Stefan
Bergström, Jan
bifocal glasses
‘Big Bang' of evolution
see
Cambrian explosion
biodiversity; cave animals; day/night differences; deep-sea animals; and light levels
bioluminescence
birds; courtship displays; disruptive colouration; eyes; footprints; fossils; magnetic detectors; relationship with dinosaurs; species; ultraviolet vision
birds of paradise
birds of prey
black smokers (hydrothermal vents)
Blake, William
blanket fog, in Precambrian
blue light: seed-shrimp iridescence; thin films; trilobite eyes; under water
blue-green algae
see
cyanobacteria
body plan
see
external hard parts; internal body plans
bones: fossilisation; muscle attachments
Book of the Dead
box jellyfish
Bragg, Sir William
brain, visual processing
Briggs, Derek
bristle stars
bristle worms; Burgess Shale fossils; diffraction gratings; eggs; eyes; feeding parts; light perception; senses; spines; swimming ability
brittlestars
brook lampreys
Burgess Shale fossils; chordates; defences; diffraction gratings; discovery and excavation; environment; eyes; formation of; importance of; predators; prey species; trilobites
Burney, Fanny
Butterfield, Nick
butterflies
calcite lenses
calcium phosphate
Cambrian explosion; colour in; dating of; external body parts; eyeless chordates; eyes in Cambrian fossils; eyes as cause of; food webs; fossils; possible explanations; predators; reconstructions of Cambrian period; trigger for evolution of eye; trilobites
Cambridge project
Cambropachycope
camera obscura
camera-type eyes
camouflage: as adaptation to light; adaptive camouflage; chromatophores; colour; countershading; disruptive colouration; in evolution; light conditions and; mammals; mimicry; predators; shadows; silver colouration; soldiers' use of; transparency; under water
Campsoscolia
Canada
Canadaspis
Canadaspis laevigata
Canadia
carbon dioxide, in atmosphere
Caribbean Sea
carrion beetles
cats
cave fish
caves; adaptations to lack of light; bioluminescence; cave paintings; colour of cave animals
cells: nucleus; organised colonies; single-celled organisms
cephalopods
chameleons
chemical defences
chemical receptors
Chen Junguan
Chengdu Institute of Geology
Chengjiang
China
chitin
chlorophyll
Choia
chordates; eyeless; eyes; fossils; hearing; pressure receptors
chromatophores
chromosomes
cicadas
cichlid fishes
cladistics
clams
Clarkson, Euan
classification of animals
Claudina
climate, carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere
cloning, revived DNA
Clydagnathus
cnidarians; body plan; Burgess Shale fossils; eyes; senses
Cohen, Anne
collagen
Collier, Frederick
Collins, Des
colour: and adaptation to light; in ancient Egyptian art; bristle worms; Cambrian fossils; cave animals; chromatophores; colour mixing; courtship displays; Darwinian view; deep-sea animals; disruptive colouration; existence of; in fossils; iridescence; mimicry; Newton's theory; photography; pigments; Poulton and; selective pressure; television; ultraviolet; under water; use by warriors; warning colouration;
see also
camouflage; structural colours
comb jellies; body plan; Burgess Shale fossils; senses
compound eyes; acute zones; apposition eyes; evolution; focusing; holochroal eyes; in prey species; schizochroal eyes; sessile eyes; single eyes; stalked eyes; superposition eyes; trilobites
computer-aided design (CAD)
conches
conifers
conodonts
continental shelf
continental slope
continents, movement of
convergence
Conway Morris, Simon
corals
cornea
countershading, camouflage
courtship displays: birds; butterflies; humans; seed-shrimps
crabs; breeding strategy; eyes; iridescence; luminescence; senses; sounds
crayfish
crickets
crocodiles
crustaceans; evolution from trilobites; eyes; marine cave animals; scavenging
crystals, liquid
Cunningham, J. T.
cuttlefish
cyanobacteria
Cypridinidae
darkness: in caves; at night; in oceans
Darwin, Charles; on colour; Down House; on the eye; on fossils;
On the Origin of Species
deep-sea animals, eyes
defences, prey species
Denton, Sir Eric
Descartes, René
deserts
detectors; chemical; eyes as; gravity; mechanical; sound :
see also
light perception
Dickinsonia
diffraction gratings; bristle worms; Burgess Shale fossils; discovery of; right-way-up flies; seed-shrimps; upside-down flies
digestive systems, fossil evidence
dinoflagellates
dinosaurs; DNA; dung; extinction of; footprints; fossils; predators; reconstructions; relationship with birds; sounds
Diplodocus
disease
disruptive colouration
diversity
see
biodiversity
DNA; in cell nucleus; cloning; from dinosaurs; mapping diseases; sexual reproduction
dodo
dolphins
Down House, Kent
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan
dragonflies
Drosophila
dung beetles
eagle owls
ears
Earth: movement of continents; passage through spiral arms of galaxy;
‘Snowball Earth' hypothesis;
see also
atmosphere
earthworms
echidna
echinoderms
Ediacaran fossils
egg, sexual reproduction
Egypt, ancient
electric eel
electric fish
embryos, direct development
energy, bioluminescence
environment: and adaptation to light; and adaptive radiation; Burgess Shale; and convergence; possible explanations for Cambrian explosion
Erwin, Doug
Euglena
evolution: adaptive radiation; convergence; diversification; effects of vision on; of eyes; importance of fossils to study of; laws of survival; in low-light environments; macro-evolution; micro-evolution; of news media; nocturnal animals; and plate tectonics; predetermination assumption; regressive evolution; senses; sexual reproduction; species; trigger for evolution of eye;
see also
adaptation; Cambrian explosion; selection pressures
Exner, Sigmund
exoskeletons, beetles
external hard parts: and Cambrian explosion; convergence; defences; selection pressures
extinctions; extraterrestrial causes; mass extinctions
extraterrestrial life
eyeless chordates
eyeless seed-shrimps
eyes; at night; as binary detectors; camera-type eyes; as cause of Cambrian explosion; cave animals; colour vision; convergence; deep-sea animals; evolution of; focusing; fossils; importance to predators; iris; mirror eyes; in non-arthropod phyla; pinhole eyes; position of; predators; as selection pressure; sessile eyes; simple eyes; size of; stalked eyes; trigger for evolution of; trilobites;
see also
compound eyes; lenses; retina; vision
eyespots (light detectors)
eyespots (patterns)
Fallotaspis
Fallotaspis typica
fan worms
Fasciculus
feeding: fossil evidence; seed-shrimps;
see also
predators; prey species
Fermat, Pierre de
Field, British Columbia
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago
fish; camouflage; cave fish; electric fish; eyeless; eyes; jawless; living fossils; magnetic detectors; pressure receptors; silver colouration
flamingos
flatworms; body plan; light receptors; marlin parasites; senses
flea beetle
flies
flight
Flinders Ranges
focusing; compound eyes; graded lenses; simple eyes
fog, in Precambrian
food pyramid, nocturnal animals
food webs: Cambrian explosion; cave animals; eye position and; marine scavengers
footprints, trace fossils
forensic science
Fortey, Richard
Fortiforceps foliosa
fossils: Cambrian explosion; chordates; colour; cyanobacteria; defences; definition of; Ediacaran fossils; eyes; formation of; importance in study of evolution; interpretation of; living fossils; phosphatisation; plants; plate tectonics and; Precambrian Period; predators; reconstructions; structural colours; sub-fossils; three-dimensional models; trace fossils;
see also
Burgess Shale fossils
Franklin, Benjamin
Fraunhofer, Joseph von
frogs
fruit flies
Fuxianhuia
galaxy, Earth's passage through spiral arm
Garcia-Bellido, Diego
Gatesy, Stephen
gemstones
genes: and convergence; extinct genes; genetic drift; and internal body plans; sexual reproduction
geological timescale
Germany
gigantism, deep-sea animals
Ginkgo
Giotto (Ambrogio Bondone)
giraffes
glass
glasses, bifocal
global warming
glow-worms
goanna
gold leaf, in ancient Egyptian art
Gould, Stephen Jay
graded lenses
Granton Shrimp Beds
grasshoppers
gravity detectors
Gray, Mike
Great Barrier Reef
green light: seed-shrimp iridescence; thin films
greenhouse effect
Greenland
guineafowl
guppies
hagfishes
Haikouella
hairs, chemical detectors
Halichondrites
Halkieriids
Hallucigenia
Halocyprida
halophores, seed-shrimp antennae
Hamelin Pool
hammerhead sharks
handedness, trilobites
Haplophrentis
hard parts
see
external hard parts
Harper, Charles
Harvard University
Hawaii
healing ability, trilobites
hearing
heliography
Hennig, Willi
BOOK: In The Blink Of An Eye
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