In Our Control (61 page)

  
36.
Marcos Arévalo, “Expanding the Availability and Improving Delivery of Natural Family Planning Services and Fertility Awareness Education: Providers’ Perspectives,”
Advances in Contraception
13, nos. 2–3 (June 1997): 278.

  
37.
Singer,
Garden of Fertility
, xxvi.

Chapter Nine: One Less?

    
1.
Alan K. Cassels, letter,
Canadian Medical Association Journal
177, no. 12 (December 4, 2007): 1526.

    
2.
Victoria Stagg Elliott, “Dr. Pap’s Smear: The Test and Its Times,”
American Medical News
, September 3, 2007,
http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2007/09/03/hlsa0903.htm
.

    
3.
George N. Papanicolaou and Herbert F. Traut, “The Diagnostic Value of Vaginal Smears in Carcinoma of the Uterus,”
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
42, no. 2 (August 1941); 193–206.

    
4.
Quoted in Elliott, “Dr. Pap’s Smear.”

    
5.
Ibid.

    
6.
“Cervical Cancer Statistics,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/statistics/
.

    
7.
Jenny Johnston, “Our Very Modern Dilemma,”
Daily Mail
, April 16, 2007, 26.

    
8.
Kerry Gillespie, “Girls to Get Cancer Vaccine; McGuinty to Announce Cervical Cancer Program for Up to 84,000 Grade 8 Students across Ontario,”
Toronto Star
, August 2, 2007, A01.

    
9.
Catherine Boyle, “Reports Grow of Adverse Reactions to Cancer Vaccine,”
Business
, October 20, 2007.

  
10.
Carolyn D. Runowicz, “Molecular Screening for Cervical Cancer—Time to Give Up Pap Tests?”
New England Journal of Medicine
357, no. 16 (October 18, 2007): 1650.

  
11.
Jan M. Agosti and Sue J. Goldie, “Introducing HPV Vaccine in Developing Countries—Key Challenges and Issues,”
New England Journal of Medicine
356, no. 19 (May 10, 2007): 1909.

  
12.
Sigrid Fry-Revere, “The Rush to Vaccinate,”
New York Times
, March 25, 2007, Opinion section, 17,
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/25/opinion/25Clfry-revere.htm
.

  
13.
Marie-Hélène Mayrand et al., “Human Papillomavirus DNA versus Papanicolaou Screening Tests for Cervical Cancer,”
New England Journal of Medicine
357, no. 16 (October 18, 2007): 1579–1588.

  
14.
American Cancer Society, “Thinking about Testing for HPV?” revised January 18, 2008,
www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6x_Thinking_About_Testing_for_HPV.asp
.

  
15.
James Morgan, “ ‘This Is a Great Thing for Women’; The Scottish Biochemist Who Discovered a Vaccine against Cervical Cancer Talks to James Morgan,”
Herald
(Scotland), July 3, 2007, 11.

  
16.
Laura A. Koutsky et al., “A Controlled Trial of a Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Vaccine,”
New England Journal of Medicine
347, no. 21 (November 21, 2002): 1645–51; Food and Drug Administration, Gardasil (quadrivalent human papillomavirus [types 6, 11, 16, 18] recombinant vaccine), package insert, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co; 2006,
http://www.fda.org/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/ucM094042
.

  
17.
FDA, “FDA licenses new vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer and other diseases in females caused by human papaloma virus,” June 8, 2006,
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108666.htm
.

  
18.
André Picard, “How Politics Pushed the HPV Vaccine,”
Globe and Mail
(Toronto), August 11, 2007, Health section, A1.

  
19.
Thomas Ginsberg, “Glaxo Asks Cervarix Approval,”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, March 30, 2007, Coi.

  
20.
Karen Attwood, “Glaxo Wins EU Approval for Cervical Cancer Vaccine,”
Independent
(London), September 25, 2007, 42.

  
21.
Bridget M. Kuehn, “CDC Panel Backs Routine HPV Vaccination,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
296, no.
6
(August 9, 2006): 640.

  
22.
Ibid.

  
23.
Walter A. Orenstein and Alan R. Hinman, “The Immunization System in the United States—The Role of School Immunization Laws,”
Vaccine
17, suppl. 3 (October 1999): S22.

  
24.
Quoted in Gregory Lopes, “HPV Vaccine Concerns Give Legislatures Pause,”
Washington Times
, April 25, 2007, A01.

  
25.
“Texas’ Perry Allows Ban of HPV Order,”
Wall Street Journal
, May 9, 2007, 2.

  
26.
Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Drug Makers’ Push Leads to Cancer Vaccines’ Rise,”
New York Times
, August 20, 2008, A1.

  
27.
Ibid.

  
28.
Pam Belluck, “In New Hampshire, Soft Sell Eases Vaccine Fears,”
New York Times
, May 12, 2007, 1.

  
29.
Gillespie, “Girls to Get Cancer Vaccine,” A01.

  
30.
Quoted in Picard, “How Politics Pushed the HPV Vaccine,” A1.

  
31.
Paul Stokes, “Nine-Year-Olds Offered Cervical Cancer Vaccine,”
Daily Telegraph
(London), December 28, 2007, 10.

  
32.
Tory Shepherd, “Warning on Cancer Screening Myth,”
Advertiser
(Adelaide, Australia), January 4, 2008, 11.

  
33.
Lopes, “HPV Vaccine Concerns,” A01.

  
34.
Rosenthal, “Drug Makers’ Push,” A1.

  
35.
Ibid.

  
36.
Antonia Zerbisias, “Pap Smears Are First Line of Defense,”
Toronto Star
, August 23, 2007, L01.

  
37.
Angela Cullen, Bloomberg News, “An Anti-Cancer Bonanza for Merck,”
International Herald Tribune
, October 5, 2007, 15.

  
38.
André Picard, “Why Politics and Public Health Don’t Mix,”
Globe and Mail
(Toronto), February 21, 2008, L6.

  
39.
Ibid.

  
40.
Janelle Miles, “Academic Ordered to Apologise—Free Speech under Attack, Say Doctors,”
Courier-Mail
(Queensland), April 8, 2008, 19.

  
41.
“Gardasil Now Approved in 80 countries,”
Pharma Marketletter
, July 30, 2007.

  
42.
Rosenthal, “Drug Makers’ Push,” A1.

  
43.
Abby Lippman et al., “Human Papillomavirus, Vaccines and Women’s Health: Questions and Cautions,”
Canadian Medical Association Journal
177, no. 5 (August 28, 2007): 485.

  
44.
Clare Masters, “Gardasil Inventor Breaks Silence,”
Daily Telegraph
(New South Wales), May
26
, 2007, 5.

  
45.
Kate Sikora, “Bulletproof Girls—Cervical Cancer Vaccine Hailed a Success,”
Daily Telegraph
(New South Wales), July 23, 2008, 5.

  
46.
Tracy Hampton, “Attacking Cervical Cancer,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
269, no. 4 (July 26, 2006): 384.

  
47.
Lawrence O. Gostin and Catherine D. DeAngelis, “Mandatory HPV Vaccination: Public Health vs. Private Wealth,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
297, no. 17 (May 2, 2007): 1921–23.

  
48.
Fry-Revere, “Rush to Vaccinate,” 17.

  
49.
FUTURE II Study Group, “Quadrivalent Vaccine against Human Paillomavirus to Prevent High-Grade Cervical Lesions,”
New England Journal of Medicine
356, no. 19 (May 10, 2007): 1915–27.

  
50.
George F. Sawaya and Karen Smith-McCune, “HPV Vaccination—More Answers, More Questions,”
New England Journal of Medicine
356, no. 19 (May 10, 2007): 1991.

  
51.
John Carreyrou, “Questions on Efficacy Cloud a Cancer Vaccine,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 16, 2007.

  
52.
Gostin and DeAngelis, “Mandatory HPV Vaccination,” 1921–23.

  
53.
Rita Rubin, “Study: Cervical Cancer Vaccine Less Effective in Sexually Active,”
USA Today
, May 10, 2007, 9D.

  
54.
Runowicz, “Molecular Screening for Cervical Cancer,” 1650.

  
55.
Picard, “How Politics Pushed the HPV Vaccine,” A1.

  
56.
Diane M. Harper et al., “Efficacy of a Bivalent L1 Virus-like Particle Vaccine in Prevention of Infection with Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 in Young Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial,”
Lancet
364, no. 9447 (November 13, 2004): 1757–65.

  
57.
Gostin and DeAngelis, “Mandatory HPV Vaccination,” 1921–23.

  
58.
Eileen F. Dunne et al., “Prevalence of HPV Infection among Females in the United States,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
279, no. 8 (February 28, 2007): 813–19.

  
59.
Ibid.

  
60.
Allan Hildesheim et al., “Effect of Human Papillomavirus 16/18 L1 Viruslike Particle Vaccine among Young Women with Preexisting Infection: A Randomized Trial,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
298, no. 7 (August 15, 2007): 743–53.