Grant Moves South (75 page)

1
.

Frémont, in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 281; Marion Morrison, “History of the 9th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry”; “Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton” (cited hereafter as Brinton), p. 68; Thomas W. Knox, in the
New York Herald
for December 28, 1863.

2
.

George W. Driggs,
Opening of the Mississippi, or Two Years' Campaigning in the Southwest
, p. 63 ff.

3
.

Grant to Jesse Grant, dated August 31, in Cramer, pp. 54–55; Grant to Washburne, September 3, 1861, in the Grant Papers at the Illinois State Historical Library.

4
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol I, p. 264.

5
.

A. T. Mahan,
The Gulf and Inland Waters
, pp. 12–13.

6
.

Brinton, p. 37.

7
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 264–265. Note that Frémont had a really good intelligence system. He maintained a map-compilation room in the basement of his headquarters house, and he used a scout named Charles D'Arnaud to penetrate Kentucky and Tennessee and bring back plans of roads, military installations and so on. In his manuscript memoirs, previously cited (Note 16 Chapter Two) Frémont says that he had D'Arnaud make a second visit to the Tennessee Cumberland area, because he intended to move south along those rivers and the Mississippi. Presumably it was D'Arnaud whom Grant saw in Cairo, but it would be interesting to know more about the encounter.

8
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 266; Charles H. Wills, “Army Life of an
Illinois Soldier,” p. 29; Grant to E. A. Paine, O. R., Vol. IV, p. 198; Vol. III, p. 149.

9
.

Grant to Speaker of Kentucky House of Representatives, September 5, O. R., Vol. III, p. 166.

10
.

Grant to Frémont, September 6, O. R., Vol. IV, p. 197; Frémont to Grant, September 6, O. R., Vol. III, p. 471; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 267.

11
.

Augustus L. Chetlain, “Recollections of U. S. Grant,” in Vol. I,
Military Essays and Recollections
, pp. 22–23; Lew Wallace,
An Autobiography
, p. 339; John H. Page, in Vol. V of
Glimpses of the Nation's Struggle
, p. 8.

12
.

Letter of George B. McClellan to “My Dear General,” not otherwise identified, dated January 24, 1885, in the C. F. Smith Papers; Special Orders No. 80 of the Adjutant General's Office (dated March 15, 1861) and No. 222 (dated August 19, 1861), also in the Smith Papers; Grant to Captain Chauncey McKeever, October 9, in O. R., Vol. III, p. 528.

13
.

Lieutenant Matthew H. Jamison, in
Recollections of Pioneer and Army Life;
Captain Ephraim A. Wilson, in
Memoirs of the War;
George H. Woodruff, in
Fifteen Years Ago; or, the Patriotism of Will County
.

14
.

Brinton, p. 37.

15
.

Brinton, pp. 40–44, 67; Manuscript “Reminiscences of Dr. John Cooper,” owned by Harley Bronson Cooper of Lynbrook, N. Y.

16
.

Grant's reports and orders covering these matters are in O. R., Vol. III, pp. 486, 489, 505, 519, 537, 556.

17
.

O. R., Vol. III, pp. 490, 501, 511, 520, 529, 537.

18
.

Colonel R. M. Kelly, “Holding Kentucky for the Union,”
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 373 ff; O. R., Vol. IV, pp. 404–406, 413. For Grant's prewar meeting with Buckner, see Lloyd Lewis,
Captain Sam Grant
, p. 338.

19
.

The interchange between Polk and the committee is in O. R., Vol. IV, pp. 185–186. Anderson's announcement of his resignation—made, he said, “with less reluctance for that purpose”—is p. 296. For a detailed examination of the problems confronting Johnston, see Stanley Horn,
The Army of Tennessee
, pp. 55–62.

20
.

Grant to Frémont, September 9 and 10, O. R., Vol. III, pp. 168–169; Grant to Colonel G. Waagner and Colonel Oglesby, September 11, p. 487; Grant to Frémont, September 12, p. 489.

21
.

Frémont to Grant, September 12, O. R., Vol. III, p. 489. His letter to Lincoln is in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 285.

22
.

Colonel Mulligan's account of the Lexington disaster is in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 307–313. Winfield Scott's admonitory message to Frémont, dated September 3, is in O. R., Vol. III, p. 185. For the order detaching two of Grant's regiments, see p. 494.

23
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 269; O. R., Vol. III, pp. 199, 556.

24
.

Frémont's September 15 report to the War Department is in O. R., Vol. III, p. 493. It shows 3057 at Ironton, 650 at Cape Girardeau, 3510 at Bird's Point and Norfolk, 4826 at Cairo, 3595 at Fort Holt and 900 at Mound City. In addition, C. F. Smith had 7021 at Paducah.

25
.

Frémont to Grant, September 26, O. R., Vol. III, p. 507; same, Grant to Smith, September 20, pp. 501–502; Grant to Oglesby, October 1, p. 511.

26
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 269.

27
.

Brinton, pp. 53, 61–62; John Beatty,
Memoirs of a Volunteer
, p. 95; John K. Duke,
History of the 53rd Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry
, p. 5.

28
.

Unidentified newspaper clipping in the Joseph Kirkland Papers, Newberry Library, Chicago, quoting a speech before the George H. Thomas Post, Grand Army of the Republic, in Chicago on April 23, 1880. See also John Beatty, cited Note 27.

29
.

Photostatic copy of
The Camp Register
, published in the fall of 1861 by the 37th Illinois Infantry at Otterville, Mo.; in the Lloyd Lewis Papers.

30
.

Letter of U. S. Grant to Benson J. Lossing, printed in William W. Belknap's
History of the 15th Regiment of Iowa Veteran Volunteer Infantry
, p. 422; A. H. Markland, in the printed
Proceedings of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee
for 1885, p. 162.

31
.

Robert W. McClaughry, “The Boys of 1861—and Their Boys,” in Vol. III,
Military Essays and Recollections
, p. 404; P. O. Avery,
History of the 4th Illinois Cavalry
.

32
.

Major Hoyt Sherman, in a speech before the 1897 reunion of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee.

33
.

Captain John H. Page, “Recollections of 1861 as Seen Through a Boy's Eyes,” in
Glimpses of the Nation's Struggle
, Vol. V, p. 10.

34
.

Interview with J. N. Tyner, printed in the
New York Tribune
, August 23, 1885.

35
.

Interview with W. S. Hillyer in the
Cincinnati Commercial
, January 27, 1869; Wilbur F. Crummer,
With Grant at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Vicksburg
, p. 179; interview with J. A. J. Cresswell in the
New York Herald
, April 5, 1885; Samuel H. Beckwith in the
Utica Herald
, reprinted in the
New York Times
for July 25, 1885.

36
.

A. C. Chetlain to Washburne, October 16, 1861, in the Washburne Papers.

37
.

Benjamin to Bragg, December 27, 1861, in O. R., Vol. VI, p. 788.

1
.

Article on John Rawlins in the
Chicago Times
for September 7, 1869.

2
.

James H. Wilson,
The Life of John A. Rawlins
, pp. 57–58; Lloyd Lewis,
Captain Sam Grant
, pp. 380–381, 399; John A. Rawlins interviewed in the
Hartford Post
, reprinted in the
Army and Navy Journal
for September 12, 1868.

3
.

Captain John M. Shaw, “The Life and Services of General John A. Rawlins,” in
Glimpses of the Nation's Struggle
, Vol. III, p. 387; Grant to Washburne, letter dated September 3, 1861, in the Grant Papers, Illinois State Historical Library.

4
.

Wilson, as Note 2, p. 60.

5
.

Cincinnati Commercial
, March 9, 1869, reprinting a
New York Tribune
interview with Colonel Chetlain; Rawlins interview in the
Hartford Post
, cited in Note 2.

6
.

O. R., Vol. III, p. 209.

7
.

Report of Colonel G. Waagner, dated September 2, O. R., Vol. III, p. 151.

8
.

O. R., Vol. III, pp. 267–268.

9
.

Rawlins, in a speech before the Society of the Army of Tennessee; from the report of the Society's Proceedings published in Cincinnati in 1866.

10
.

O. R., Vol. III, p. 268.

11
.

Same, pp. 269–270.

12
.

O. R., Vol. IV, pp. 513, 517, 522; Vol. III, p. 732.

13
.

Captain John Seaton, “The Battle of Belmont,” in “Sundry Papers” of the Kansas Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Vol. I; Brinton, pp. 72–73; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 272–273.

14
.

Dr. William L. Polk, “General Polk and the Battle of Belmont,”
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 348–349.

15
.

Both Brinton and Captain Seaton give interesting details about the disorganization in the Federal ranks following the initial triumph and during the subsequent retreat, and their accounts have been used extensively in the preparation of this chapter. In his Memoirs (Vol. I, pp. 273–274) Grant says of his men: “Veterans could not have behaved better than they did up to the moment of reaching the Rebel camp. At this point they became demoralized from their victory.”

16
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 274–276.

17
.

In her old age Julia Dent Grant wrote the story of this strange incident. As it happened, on the day of the battle of Belmont she was going to leave Galena with the children and go to Cairo to visit General Grant; this vision came to her just before she left the Grant home. This enabled her to fix the time of its occurrence, when she told Grant about it after reaching Cairo. Grant mentions the dangerous ride away from the boats—without referring to Julia's strange vision—in his Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 277–279.

18
.

Captain John Seaton, as Note 13.

19
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 279; Captain John Seaton, as Note 13; Charles Wills,
Army Life of an Illinois Soldier
, p. 43

20
.

Casualty figures are from
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 355–356.

21
.

Smith's report in O. R., Vol. III, pp. 299–300.

22
.

O. R., Vol. III, p. 274.

23
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 280–281.

24
.

Conger, pp. 99–101. See also Grant's statement to Colonel Oglesby: “The confidence inspired in our troops in the engagement will be of incalculable benefit to us in the future”—in O. R., Vol. III, p. 272.

25
.

James B. Eads, “Recollections of Foote and the Gunboats,” in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 342, 346; Rear Admiral Henry Walke, “The Gunboats at Belmont and Fort Henry,”
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 359–360.

26
.

Wilson, as Note 2, p. 68.

27
.

Dr. William L. Polk, as Note 14, pp. 356–357; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 281; O. R., Vol. VIII, pp. 369–370.

28
.

Dr. William L. Polk, as Note 14; letter of Charles M. Scott, pilot in 1861 of the steamer
Belle of Memphis
, to the
St. Louis Republican
, reprinted in the
Chicago Tribune
of February 4, 1887.

29
.

O. R., Vol. III, pp. 304, 309; Captain John Seaton, as Note 13.