Grant Moves South (76 page)

1
.

For a good discussion of the circumstances attending Frémont's removal, see K. P. Williams,
Lincoln Finds a General
, Vol. III, pp. 62–66.

2
.

Original in the C. F. Smith Papers. See also letter of John P. Hawkins (who in the fall of 1861 was on Halleck's staff) in the 1906
Reunion Book of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee
, pp. 92–93; also “Recollections of the Fallen” in the
Army and Navy Journal
for July 8, 1865. For details on the messy situation in St. Louis, see O. R., Vol. VIII, pp. 389, 409.

3
.

The documents exchanged between Smith and Halleck and between Smith and Wallace are in the C. F. Smith Papers.

4
.

Letters of Sherman, dated November 28, 1861, and January 4, 1862, in the Sherman papers, Library of Congress. Sherman to Mrs. Sherman, January 1, 1862, in the possession of Miss E. Sherman Fitch.

5
.

Halleck to Mrs. Halleck, printed in General James Grant Wilson's “General Halleck: A Memoir,” in the
Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States
, Vol. XXXVI, p. 554.

6
.

Sherman to John Sherman, dated January 4, 1862, cited in Note 4; Smith's letter of December 31, 1861, in the C. F. Smith papers.

7
.

Letter to Colonel L. F. Ross of the 17th Illinois, dated January 5, 1862, in the Iowa Historical Record for October, 1888.

8
.

Grant to Colonel John Cook, O. R., Series Two, Vol. I, p. 794.

9
.

Grant to General E. A. Paine, O. R., Vol. VIII, pp. 494–495.

10
.

Grant to Halleck, November 21, 1861, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 442.

11
.

Halleck to McClellan, November 27, O. R., Vol. VIII, p. 382; Halleck to Mrs. Halleck, December 14, in the Oliver Barrett Collection.

12
.

Grant discussed this situation in substantial detail in a long letter to Washburne dated November 7, 1862; original in the Grant Papers, Illinois State Historical Library. See also Major Julian Kune,
Reminiscences of an Octogenarian Hungarian Exile
, p. 107.

13
.

Wilson's
Life of John A. Rawlins
, p. 67; Lew Wallace,
An Autobiography
, Vol. I, pp. 352–353; letter of W. R. Rowley to Elihu Washburne, January 30, 1862, in the Washburne Papers.

14
.

Rawlins's long letter is printed in full in Wilson's
Life of John A. Rawlins
. See also Albert Richardson,
A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant
, pp. 195–196.

15
.

Grant to Halleck, January 12, 1862, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 546. See also John Eaton,
Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen
, pp. 101–102, and the Rawlins letter cited in Note 14.

16
.

For the interchange between Grant and Halleck, see O. R., Series Two, Vol. I, pp. 120–122.

17
.

Grant to Halleck, November 22, 1861, O. R., Vol. VIII, p. 373; Grant's report of November 18, O. R., Vol. III, p. 367; Thompson to Polk, Same, p. 368; Grant to Halleck, November 25, O. R., Series Two, Vol. I, p. 117; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 268.

18
.

For the correspondence mentioned here, see O. R., Vol. III, p. 571; Vol. VII, p. 465; Vol. VIII, p. 404.

19
.

Grant's Special Orders dated November 26, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 449.

20
.

Grant to Oglesby, December 21, O. R., Vol. VIII, p. 453; to McClernand, December 22, p. 457.

21
.

Grant to Halleck, November 21, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 442; dispatch of November 29, p. 460; dispatch to J. C. Kelton, December 1, p. 462.

22
.

Grant to J. C. Kelton, November 28, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 455. See also
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 338–339.

23
.

Henry Walke, “The Gunboats at Belmont and Fort Henry,”
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 358–359; Grant to Halleck, January 6, 1862, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 534; Charles W. Wills, “Army Life of an Illinois Soldier,” p. 62.

24
.

O. R., Vol. VIII, pp. 430, 432, 433.

25
.

Hoyt Sherman, “Personal Recollections of General Grant,” in the
Midland Monthly
for April, 1898; Fred Grant in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 352; Brinton, pp. 99–100.

26
.

Cramer, pp. 58, 62–63, 68–69, 72.

27
.

Memoir of Julia Dent Grant.

28
.

Brinton, pp. 98–99, 193–194.

29
.

Hoyt Sherman as Note 25.

30
.

Leonard Swett, quoted in the
Chicago Tribune
for April 27, 1880; O. R., Vol. VII, p. 7.

1
.

Basler,
Collected Works
, Vol. IV, pp. 544–545.

2
.

Late in November McClellan was telling Buell that his own operations in Virginia must be co-ordinated with the projected campaign in East Tennessee: O. R., Vol. VII, p. 458. In January he made the point more emphatically, writing Buell that “my own advance cannot, according to my present views, be made until your troops are soundly established in the eastern portion of Tennessee.” O. R., Vol. VII, p. 531.

3
.

See Buell's letter to McClellan dated December 29, O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 520–521; also Colonel R. M. Kelly, “Holding Kentucky for the Union,”
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 385.

4
.

Kelly,
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 377–378; O. R., Series Two, Vol. I: John M. Branner to Judah P. Benjamin, November 9, p. 838; to Jefferson Davis, November 11, p. 839; Colonel W. B. Wood to Samuel Cooper, p. 840; message of Governor Isham Harris, p. 841; A. G. Graham to Davis, p. 841; Branner to Benjamin, p, 843.

5
.

Report of Colonel D. Leadbetter, O. R., Series Two, Vol. I, pp. 849, 853, 859.

6
.

McClellan to Buell, November 7, O. R., Series Two, Vol. I, p. 891.

7
.

Buell to Lorenzo Thomas, December 23, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 511; Buell to McClellan, November 22, pp. 443–444.

8
.

Buell to McClellan, December 29, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 521.

9
.

Buell to Halleck, January 3, 1862, O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 528–529.

10
.

See O. R., Vol. VII: Lincoln to Halleck, December 31, p. 524; Buell to Lincoln, p. 526; Halleck to Lincoln, January 1, p. 526.

11
.

Same, Halleck to Buell, January 2, p. 527.

12
.

Same, McClellan to Halleck, January 3, pp. 527–528; Buell to Halleck, January 3, pp. 528–529.

13
.

Same, Lincoln to Buell, January 4, and Buell's reply of same date, pp. 530–531; McClellan to Buell, January 6, p. 531.

14
.

Same, Halleck to Lincoln, January 6, pp. 532–533; Lincoln's gloomy endorsement (dated January 10) is p. 533.

15
.

Same, Halleck to Grant, pp. 533–534.

16
.

Same, Grant to Halleck, pp. 537–538. Grant's troop return for January 10 is on p. 544.

17
.

Same, pp. 535, 543, 547.

18
.

Grant's orders governing the expedition are in O. R., Vol. VII, p. 551. His message regarding Captain Kountz is pp. 551–552. The Kountz affair had a curious aftermath. Kountz sent to the War Department an extensive statement accusing Grant of drunkenness, both at Cairo and on flag-of-truce boats, and asserting that Grant
and his aides went to a Negro ball where much champagne was served. Assistant Secretary of War Thomas A. Scott passed the charges on to Secretary Edwin M. Stanton, pointing out that Kountz drew up his list of charges while in prison and adding that “there seems to be some little personal feeling in this matter between the General and Q. M. Kountz.” Scott recommended that Kountz be released from custody and that “the examination of charges against General Grant be suspended for the present.” (See Vol. III, Stanton Papers, Library of Congress.) Apparently, the Kountz charges were not taken seriously by the War Department; the court-martial he demanded for Grant was never held.

19
.

Emerson, “Grant's Life in the West,” in the
Midland Monthly
for May, 1898.

20
.

Halleck to McClellan, O. R., Vol. VIII, p. 503; Grant to J. C. Kelton, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 565; Emerson, as Note 19.

21
.

C. F. Smith to Grant, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 561; Emerson, as Note 19.

22
.

Thomas to Buell, January 23, O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 563–564.

23
.

Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, pp. 234–235; Emerson, as Note 19.

24
.

Brinton, p. 110; Garland, p. 185; Memoir of Julia Dent Grant.

25
.

Galena
Northwestern Gazette
for December 16, 1861, printing a St. Louis dispatch to the
Cincinnati Enquirer;
Colonel Charles Whittlesey to Halleck, November 20, 1861, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 440.

26
.

Halleck to McClellan, January 20, O. R., Vol. VIII, p. 509.

27
.

Halleck's orders are in O. R., Vol. VIII, pp. 406, 411, 431.

28
.

John Russell Young,
Around the World with General Grant
, Vol. II, p. 465; Brinton, p. 110.

29
.

O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 518–519.

30
.

In O. R., Vol. VIII: Halleck to T. Ewing, January 1, pp. 475–476; Halleck to McClellan, December 19, 1861, pp. 448–449. For Colonel C. R. Jennison's proclamation, O. R., Series Two, Vol. I, pp. 231–232; editorial in the
Missouri Republican
for October 3, 1861.

31
.

O. R., Vol. VII: Halleck to Grant, January 22, pp. 561–562; Foote to Halleck, January 28, p. 120; Grant to Halleck, January 28, p. 121; his letter of January 29 is also on p. 121. The rumor about Beauregard is in McClellan's January 29 dispatches to Halleck and Buell, p. 571.

32
.

The point is made by Conger, pp. 152–154.

33
.

Halleck to McClellan, January 29 and 30, O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 571–572.

34
.

O. R., Vol. VII: Halleck to Buell, January 30, p. 574; to Grant, pp. 121–122.

35
.

The exchange between Halleck and Buell is in O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 574–576.

36
.

Same, p. 575.

37
.

Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
, Vol. XXII, pp. 427–428.

1
.

Emerson, “Grant's Life in the West,”
Midland Monthly
for May, 1898.

2
.

Grant to Smith, Jan. 31, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 575.

3
.

Same, pp. 577–579. Note that it took just two days to get this expedition moving—as good a record, for speed, as was made in all the war for a major expedition. Obviously, Grant had been anticipating Halleck's orders.

4
.

O. R., Vol. VII: Halleck to Buell, February 2, pp. 578–579; Buell to Thomas, February 2, p. 580; Buell to Halleck, February 3, p. 580; Grant to Halleck, February 3, p. 581.

5
.

Same: Halleck to Buell, February 5, and Buell to Halleck, same date, p. 583; McClellan to Buell, February 5, and Buell to McClellan, also February 5, pp. 584–585; Halleck to McClellan, Feb. 6, p. 586; McClellan to Buell and Buell to McClellan, dispatches of Feb. 6, p. 587; Halleck to Buell, Feb. 7, p. 593.

6
.

Rawlins, quoted in Emerson, as Note 1.

7
.

Chicago Tribune
, printing Cairo dispatch dated February 2 and Paducah dispatch dated February 4. One correspondent insisted that the leak occurred because Grant's own staff had been kept in the dark. The officer who passed on press telegrams, he said, had the quaint habit of supressing those which were true and approving those which were false, on the theory that the enemy would best be deceived thereby. Seeing the item about the expedition into Tennessee—written by an alert reporter who had seen the waterfront preparations and had drawn his own conclusions—this officer assumed that the story was completely untrue and let it go. (Richardson,
A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant
, pp. 214–215.)

8
.

Colonel Charles Whittlesey,
War Memoranda
, pp. 28–29.

9
.

Eliot Calendar, “What a Boy Saw on the Mississippi,” in
Military Essays and Recollections
, Vol. I, pp. 53–55.

10
.

Chicago Tribune
, Paducah dispatch dated February 4.

11
.

Grant's battle orders are in O. R., Vol. VII, p. 125.

12
.

Correspondence of the
Memphis Appeal
, dated January 29, quoted in a
Chicago Tribune
dispatch from Louisville dated February 7; Tilghman's report, in O. R., Vol. VII, p. 140; Captain Jesse Taylor, “The Defense of Fort Henry,” in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 370.

13
.

See Lieutenant Col. E. C. Dawes, “The Army of the Tennessee,” in Vol. IV,
Papers of the Ohio Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
.

14
.

Chicago Tribune
, Cairo dispatch dated February 9; H. Allen Gosnell,
Guns on the Western Waters
, pp. 49–50; McClernand's report, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 129.

15
.

Captain Jesse Taylor, as Note 12, pp. 370–371; Flag Officer Foote's report, O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 122–123.

16
.

Tilghman's report, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 136; Captain Jesse Taylor, as Note 12, p. 372.

17
.

Grant to Halleck, February 6, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 124.

18
.

O. R., Vol. VII: Grant to Halleck, p. 125; Halleck to McClellan, p. 120.

19
.

Grant's letter to his sister, in Cramer, p. 78; Richardson, as in Note 7, p. 217.

20
.

Albert Sidney Johnston to Judah P. Benjamin, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 131.

21
.

Chicago Tribune
dispatch from Cairo dated February 7; dispatch dated Fort Henry, February 9, via Cairo, February 11; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 241; Grant's orders of February 9, O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 598–599. Grant's memory seems to have betrayed him; Pillow did not actually reach Fort Donelson until February 9, two days after Grant made his trip. (O. R., Vol. VII, p. 877.)

22
.

Commander Phelps's report dated February 10, O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 153–156.

23
.

Cairo dispatch dated February 9, in the
Chicago Tribune;
Cullum to Grant, February 7, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 594; Grant's General Field Orders No. 7 and No. 8, both of February 10, p. 601; Halleck to Cullum, February 14, p. 614.

24
.

Letter of Cullum to Smith, dated February 1, in the C. F. Smith Papers; Brinton, p. 131. Brinton says McPherson told him: “I have been ordered here and instructed to obtain special information. All sorts of reports are prevalent at St. Louis as to Gen. Grant's habits. It is said he is drinking terribly and in every way is inefficient.” It is perhaps worth noting that in a short time McPherson became one of Grant's most faithful supporters.

25
.

Chicago Tribune
dispatch dated Fort Henry, February 7; Brinton, p. 112.

26
.

The messages between Halleck, Grant, Foote and Cullum can be found in O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 595, 600, 601, 603–604.

27
.

Foote to Halleck, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 604; Grant's Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 298.

28
.

Grant to Halleck, February 12, O. R., Vol. VI, p. 612.

29
.

Grant to Halleck, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 609.

30
.

Lew Wallace, “The Capture of Fort Donelson,” in
B. & L.
, Vol. I, p. 410 (hereafter cited as Wallace); Brinton, pp. 115–116.

31
.

For a sympathetic examination of Johnston's dilemma, see Col. William Preston Johnston, “Albert Sidney Johnston at Shiloh,” B. & L., Vol. I, pp. 546–548. See also Stanley Horn,
The Army of
Tennessee
, pp. 83–87, and T. Harry Williams,
Beauregard: Napoleon in Gray
, pp. 116–119. Beauregard's memorandum on the course to be followed after the fall of Fort Henry, dated February 7, is in O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 861–862.

32
.

Henry Walke, “The Western Flotilla at Fort Donelson, Island Number Ten, Fort Pillow and Memphis,”
B. & L.
, Vol. I, pp. 430–431. Hereafter cited as Walke.

33
.

O. R., Vol. VII, pp. 205, 212–213; Wallace, pp. 408–409.

34
.

McClernand's report, O. R., Vol. VII, p. 174; Oglesby's report, p. 185.