God’s Traitors: Terror & Faith in Elizabethan England (81 page)

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of 266, 368

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of 27, 33–4, 35, 36–7, 267
n
, 274

North America: proposed Catholic colony in 273–4

Northern rising, 1569 28–9, 32, 34, 70, 250, 346

Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of 266–7, 267
n
, 303, 315
n

Northamptonshire: Vaux family historical ties to 9, 10; religious polarisation of 37–8, 257, 361; royal progress through, 1605 266; Charles I as prisoner in, 1647 361;
see also under individual area and place name

Northumberland, Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of 27, 250

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 8th Earl of 128

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 9th Earl of 276, 306

Norton, Dudley 239

Norton, Thomas 31, 72, 83

Norwich, Henry 38–9

O’Connell, Daniel 363

Oates, Titus 363

oath of allegiance 10, 354, 357–8, 358
n
, 359, 361

Oldcorne, Edward,
alias
Hall, S.J. xviii, 187, 189, 197, 252, 287, 324, 325, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 338, 348–9

Osborne, Edward 89, 90, 90
n
, 91

Ousebridge gaol, York 152

Owen, Hugh 271

Owen, Nicholas (‘Little John’) xix, 177, 179, 180, 186, 209, 210, 250, 257, 258, 293, 324, 325, 326–7, 328, 331, 333, 349

Oxford University 7, 8, 23, 25, 26, 67, 70, 80, 109
n
, 114, 228, 255, 260

Page, Francis, S.J. 172
n
, 252–3

Palmer, John 129

papacy 356, 360; Elizabeth I excommunication and (
Regnans in Excelsis
papal bull) xix, 4, 28–30, 29
n
, 47, 54, 109, 346; problem of dual allegiance to monarch and 4, 8–9, 86, 335–6; Thomas More refuses to renounce spiritual primacy of 8; primacy overthrown in England 13; Pope as Antichrist 13; supremacy in England restored under Mary I 18; Vatican archives 24, 33–4; ‘An Act against the bringing in and putting in execution of Bulls and other Instruments from the See of Rome’ and 30; involvement in Ridolfi Plot, 1571 33, 70; ‘St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre’ and 36; Society of Jesus and 53
see also
Society of Jesus; English Catholic priests receive subsidies from 52; Jesuit mission into England and 56–7, 61; involvement in northern uprising, 1569 73; involvement in insurrection in Ireland 70; involvement in 1576 plot to send Don John of Austria into England 70; Papal–Spanish plan for invasion of Scotland and 90; Throckmorton Plot and 96; Allen informs on a number of English Catholics 102–3; ‘bloody question’ and 103; attempt to appoint an archpriest, 1598 149, 213, 213
n
, 277, 335; declares Mary Ward ‘Venerable’ 150
n
; Armada, 1588, and 156; ban on stirs 281, 290, 291, 292, 335, 336; Gunpowder Plot and 281, 290, 292–3, 321
n
, 325, 332, 335–6, 347; first state visit of Pope to United Kingdom 364; first Jesuit Pope 364;
see also under individual pope name

Parker, John 100

Parliament: Henry VII’s first 9; Vaux family attendance
see under individual family member name
; oath of supremacy bill 21–2, 23, 25; ‘Act Against Fugitives over the Sea’, 1571 30; bill ‘for coming to the church, and receiving the Communion’, 1571 30–2, 62; 1572 meeting 35, 36, 37; 1576 meeting 37; ‘An Act against the bringing in and putting in execution of Bulls and other instruments from the See of Rome’ and 30; Act of Uniformity, 1558 47; 1581 meeting 62, 63–4; ‘Act of Persuasions’ (‘An Act to retain the Queen Majesty’s Subjects in their due Obedience’) 62–3, 62
n
69, 92; ‘The Act for the Queen’s Surety’, 1585 107, 125; bill ‘against Jesuits, Seminary Priests and such other like disobedient persons’, 1585 107–10, 345–6; Act ‘for the more speedy and due execution’ of the penal legislation, 1587 140; 1593 meeting 152–3, 161, 255; attempts to make husband pay for nonconformity of recusant wife, 1593 152–3; ‘statute of confinement’, 1593 164, 206; bill for the seizure of the children of recusant parents dropped, 1593 255; Gunpowder Plot and 274, 282, 283–4, 285, 298, 304, 322
n
; bill confirming all Elizabethan penal legislation, 1604 278; test acts 363; Bill of Rights, 1689 363; Act of Settlement, 1701 363; Catholic Relief Act, 1829 363; Catholics allowed to sit in and vote 363;
see also
House of Commons
and
House of Lords

Parma, Alexander Farnese, Duke of 96, 106, 158, 159, 163, 323

Parry, William 106

Paul V, Pope 293, 321
n
, 335

Paulet, Sir Amyas 125, 126

Peckham, Sir George 273

Percy, John, S.J. 257, 258, 260, 261, 263, 281, 293, 294, 356, 357

Percy, Martha 315

Percy, Thomas 276, 277, 281, 282, 293, 299, 300, 307

Persons, Christina 71, 189, 209

Persons, Robert, S.J. 65, 102, 207, 323, 340; launches Jesuit mission (with Campion) into England, 1580 xviii, 53–6, 57, 58, 59–60, 65, 66, 67–8, 71, 74, 76, 93, 105; on Campion’s conversion to Catholicism 25–6; George Gilbert and 52–3, 65–6; character of 55; Synod of Southwark and 56–7; short statement defending English mission 57–8, 59; secret printing press and 66–7, 117; engagement in matters of state 69; flees to France after Campion’s arrest 71; affected by death of Campion 71; Lord Vaux questioned on links with 76; claims Tresham and Catesby as early converts 76
n
; planned Papal–Scottish invasion of Scotland and 90, 95; in Rouen 95, 102, 104
n
, 117, 138; on Henry Vaux 111, 139; Garnet/Southwell mission and 134; casuist text produced under supervision of, early 1580s 180; mother stays with Eleanor Brooksby and Anne Vaux 71, 189, 207; ‘Philopater’ 198
n
; Watson and 213; on Copley 238; on proposed Catholic colony in North America 274; accession of James I and 275, 276; Gunpowder Plot and 323; Griffith Floyd and 339

Phelippes, Thomas xx, 126, 127

Philip II, King of Spain xix, 23, 28, 29, 34, 36, 37, 93, 99, 100, 109, 131, 132, 140, 141, 156–7, 159, 162, 164, 198
n
, 206, 217

Philip III, King of Spain 217, 280–1

Pibush, John 188, 189

Pickering, Gilbert 357, 359

Pickering, Lewis 276

Pius V, Pope xix, 4, 28–30, 54

plague 12, 135, 141, 205, 217, 283, 351, 353, 354, 355, 361
n

Pole, Reginald, Cardinal 18, 52

Popham, John, Lord Chief Justice 83, 301, 306, 332–3

Popish Plot, 1678–81 363

Pormont, Thomas 200–1

Pounde, Thomas 56, 57, 58, 72, 83

press, secret printing 40, 48, 51–4, 66–7, 89, 95, 104
n

priest-holes xix, 6, 101, 148, 166, 178, 179, 187, 189, 209, 223, 257–8, 261, 331

private chapels, worship in 22, 31, 32, 63, 65, 177, 258, 258
n
, 259

puritans 37, 38, 40, 43, 46, 52, 57, 60, 118, 159, 257, 259, 276, 296
n
, 299, 305, 312, 316, 359, 360, 361

pursuivants 53, 59, 90, 100, 105, 114, 116–17, 137, 138, 146, 151, 152, 177, 177
n
, 178, 180, 183, 192–6, 197, 198, 199, 205, 209, 225, 237, 257, 258, 285, 324, 327, 355, 356

Ralegh, Sir Walter 278

recusants: Vaux family as 3, 5, 11, 12, 22, 46, 63–5, 75, 123
see also under individual family member name
; fines for 4, 22, 45, 63, 63
n
, 87, 88, 91, 92, 99, 129, 140, 149, 153, 235, 273, 277, 278–9, 356, 363; concealment of papers 5; number of 6, 61, 62; clemency towards in early years of Elizabeth I’s reign 22–3, 28, 32, 61, 62–3, 64, 275; with puritan neighbours 32–3; ‘Act of Persuasions’ and 62–3; Catholic Church insistence on absolute recusancy and 57, 61; schoolmasters as 63, 64; crackdown in London, 1584 105, 209; reaction to bill ‘against Jesuits, Seminary Priests and such other like disobedient Persons’, 1585 107–8, 109–10; closing of ranks of 123; Act ‘for the more speedy and due execution’ of the penal legislation makes fines cumulative and allows Crown to seize two-thirds of a recusant’s estate, 1587 140, 235; women as 148–55, 167–8, 170; invasion threats and 159–60; ‘statute of confinement’ (forbids recusants from travelling beyond five miles of their home without a licence) 164–5, 206, 226
n
, 235, 236; conditions of in north of England 206; indirect consequences of being a recusant 235–43; James I and 275, 277, 278–9, 354

Red Lion Inn, Dunsmore Heath, Warwickshire 298, 299–300

‘Regiomontanus’ (astronomer) 158, 165

relics 13, 44, 71, 112, 115, 117, 119, 120, 146, 150, 171, 172, 172
n
, 173, 173
n
, 174–5, 176, 177, 182, 186, 249
n
, 253, 263, 300, 325, 351–2

Richardson, Richard 318

Ridolfi Plot, 1571 33–6, 37, 38, 70, 162

Robinson, George 92

Robinson, Jane 300

Rome xviii, 3, 8, 10, 17, 21, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33, 37, 45, 46, 50, 52, 54, 55, 59, 60, 62, 62
n
, 63, 65, 69, 71, 76
n
, 90, 93, 101, 109, 116, 117, 133, 134, 146, 147, 149, 151, 165, 173, 176, 179, 185, 186, 190, 192, 204, 206, 212, 213, 219, 238, 244, 252, 260, 275, 276, 281, 291, 293, 319, 323, 326, 335–6, 341, 345, 352, 356, 358, 364
see also
papacy

Rookwood, Ambrose 250, 272, 284, 285, 293, 299, 300

Rookwood, Dorothy 251

Rookwood, Elizabeth 293, 315

Roos, Peter 237

Roper, Sir John xvii, 82, 224, 225, 226, 229, 276

Rothwell, Northamptonshire 61, 93, 228

Rouen, France 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 102, 103, 104
n
, 138, 185

Rowington Hall, Warwickshire 167, 219, 384

Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire xviii, 5, 20, 81–2, 101, 225, 226
n
, 227, 228–9, 232, 295, 344

‘St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre’, 1572 35, 159, 208

St Omer, near Calais 55, 150
n
, 185, 264, 347, 355, 356

St Paul’s Cathedral 163, 341, 349, 350

Sander, Nicholas 54

Scotland xviii, 4, 27, 28, 33, 35, 90, 95, 107, 228, 275, 278

Shakespeare, John 48

Shakespeare, William 3, 9, 11–12, 46, 112, 119, 134
n
, 136
n
, 239, 286
n
;
Hamlet
11;
King Lear
112, 269;
Macbeth
269, 313;
Henry IV
286, 286
n
, 329
n

Sheldon, Hugh 180

Sheldon, Ralph 45–6

Sheldon, Richard:
A Survey of the Miracles of the Church of Rome, proving them to be Antichristian
, 1616 151; on Cornford 181

Shelley, Richard 108

Sherwin, Ralph 60, 70–1, 93

Shireburn, Sir Richard 46

Shirley, George 167, 384, 405

Shirley, Henry 241–2

Shoby, Brooksby estate, Leicestershire 44, 355

Simeon, Mary,
née
Vaux (daughter of Eliza Vaux) 286, 304, 355, 363

Simeon family of Baldwin Brightwell 261

Simeon, Sir George 304, 356

Singleton,
alias
Clifton 299, 304, 305

Sixtus V, Pope xix, 157

Smith, Anne 120

Smith, Thomas 255, 260

Smyth, John 129

Snape, George 167, 198

Society of Jesus (Jesuits) xi, xviii, 2; members of xviii
see also under individual member name
; launch of mission in England, 1580 xviii, 7, 43, 44, 53–74, 140; Gunpowder Plot and 2, 292–3, 299, 304, 306–7, 310, 313, 314, 318, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335–6, 337, 339–40, 342–3, 345, 346, 348–9, 364–5; founded, 1540 48, 53; Rules 53, 153, 347; fourth vow of special obedience to the Pope 53; Spiritual Exercises 53, 244, 257, 261; motto
Ad maiorem Dei gloriam
53, 250; worldwide 53; political activity of 54, 57, 58, 59, 69, 70, 102, 103, 108–9, 212, 244, 246; attitude towards attendance of Protestant church 57–61, 62, 71; missionaries target upper classes 64, 262; propaganda campaign in England 66–7; bill ‘against Jesuits, Seminary Priests and such other like disobedient persons’, 1585 107–10, 345–6; exorcism xx, 5, 112–24, 130, 131, 137, 146, 173, 186, 187, 263, 353; wish of Henry Vaux to join 139; biannual meetings of English 190–1, 219; dispute with secular priests 211–14; code names for churches of 261–2; accused of elitism 262; ‘Garnet’s Straw’ and 351; first Pope from 364