From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (210 page)

90
. Cannon,
Reagan,
289–91, 475.

91
. Daniel Deudney and John Ikenberry, "Who Won the Cold War?"
Foreign Policy
87 (Summer 1992), 126–28, 132, 137.

92
. Walker,
Cold War,
291.

93
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
154.

94
. Cannon,
Reagan,
740, 755.

95
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
67.

96
. Cannon,
Reagan,
756, 757.

97
. Matthew Evangelista, "Turning Points in Arms Control," in Herrmann and Lebow,
Ending the Cold War,
90–92.

98
. Cannon,
Reagan,
742–43, 758–59.

99
. Walker,
Cold War,
293–94.

100
. FitzGerald,
Out There in the Blue,
407–9.

101
. Cannon,
Reagan,
779–81.

102
. James Mann, "Tear Down That Myth,"
New York Times,
June 10, 2007.

103
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
264–65.

104
.
New York Times,
May 22, 1988.

105
. Evangelista, "Arms Control," 102–3; Walker,
Cold War,
308–9.

106
. David Halberstam,
War in a Time of Peace
:
Bush, Clinton, and the Generals
(New York, 2001), 71.

107
. John Newhouse, "Shunning the Losers,"
New Yorker,
October 26, 1992, 40; John Robert Greene,
The Presidency of George Bush
(Lawrence, Kans., 2000), 11–26.

108
. Bob Woodward,
The Commanders
(New York, 1992), 18; Newhouse, "Losers," 40–41; Greene,
Bush Presidency,
45–50.

109
. James Mann,
About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton
(New York, 1999), 134–47.

110
. Greene,
Bush Presidency,
93–94.

111
. Ibid., 94–95.

112
. Ibid., 95: Mann,
About Face,
206–8.

113
. Mann,
About Face,
215.

114
. Ibid., 223.

115
. Melanson,
Search for Consensus,
212.

116
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
347–48; James W. Davis and William C. Wohlforth, "German Unification," in Herrmann and Lebow,
Ending the Cold War,
150.

117
. Vladislav Zubok, "New Evidence on the End of the Cold War,"
Cold War International History Project Bulletin
12/13 (Fall/Winter 2001), 9.

118
. Jacques Levesque, "The Emancipation of Eastern Europe," in Herrmann and Lebow,
Ending the Cold War,
112–14.

119
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
361.

120
. Ibid., 363–86.

121
. Ibid., 364. See also Mikhail Gorbachev et al., "Defrosting the Cold War,"
New Perspectives Quarterly
13 (Winter 1996), 20.

122
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
392.

123
. Ibid.,393–97, 415–17; Davis and Wohlforth, "German Reunification," 132–33.

124
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
404.

125
. Raymond L. Garthoff,
The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War
(Washington, 1994), 406.

126
. Oberdorfer,
Cold War to New Era,
410–33.

127
. Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh,
The Gulf Conflict, 1990–1991: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order
(Princeton, N.J., 1993), 524.

128
. James Mann,
Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet
(New York, 2004), 184–86.

129
. Freedman and Karsh,
Gulf Conflict,
290–94.

130
. Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor,
The General's War
(Boston, 1995), 355–99.

131
. Greene,
Bush Presidency,
138.

132
.
Tampa Tribune,
May 19, 2007.

133
. Robert A. Divine, "The Persian Gulf War Revisited: Tactical Victory, Strategic Failure,"
Diplomatic History
24 (Winter 2000), 37.

134
. Gordon and Trainor,
General's War,
456; Mann,
Vulcans,
193.

135
. Gordon and Trainor,
General's War,
477.

136
. Arnold Isaacs,
Vietnam Shadows: The War, Its Ghosts, and Its Legacy
(Baltimore, Md., 1997), 65.

137
. Walter LaFeber,
America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–1996
(8th ed., New York, 1997), 347.

138
. Bush and Scowcroft,
World Transformed,
563–565.

139
. Richard Ned Lebow and Janice Gross Stein, "Reagan and the Russians,"
Atlantic Monthly,
February 1994, 35–37.

140
. Deudney and Ikenberry, "Cold War," 134–35.

141
.
Washington Post,
June 27, 2004.

142
. Mark Danner, "How the Foreign Policy Machine Broke Down,"
New York Times Magazine,
March 7, 1993, 32–34.

143
. John Lewis Gaddis,
The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War
(New York, 1987). Warren Kimball's review of
Long Peace
notes that eight million people were killed in seventy wars between 1945 and 1988, many of them connected to the Cold War;
American Historical Review
94 (June 1989), 921–22.

144
. Thomas G. Paterson,
On Every Front: The Making and Unmaking of the Cold War (New York, 1992), 194–95.

145
. Bush and Scowcroft,
World Transformed,
563–64.

1
. William Safire, "On Language,"
New York Times Magazine,
July 22, 2003.

2
. Francis Fukuyama,
The End of History and the Last Man
(New York, 1992).

3
. John Lewis Gaddis, "Toward the Post–Cold War World,"
Foreign Affairs
70 (Spring 1991), 102–5.

4
. Joseph S. Nye Jr.,
The Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone
(New York, 2002), 41–51.

5
. Walter LaFeber,
Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism
(New York, 1999), 14–15, 135;
New York Times,
April 21, 1996.

6
.
New York Times,
May 3, 1992.

7
. Thomas Friedman,
The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization
(New York, 1999), offers a paean to globalization. A critical analysis is William Greider,
One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism
(New York, 1997).

8
.
New York Times,
May 3, 1992.

9
. Gaddis, "Post–Cold War World," 105.

10
.
New York Times,
February 7, 1993.

11
. Robert Kaplan, "The Coming Anarchy,"
Atlantic Monthly,
February 1994, 44–76.

12
. Nye,
Paradox,
11.

13
. Charles Krauthammer, "The Unipolar Moment,"
Foreign Affairs 70 (America and the World, 1990–1991)
, 23.

14
. Stephen M. Walt, "Two Cheers for Clinton's Foreign Policy,"
Foreign Affairs
79 (March/April 2000), 65.

15
. John Robert Greene,
The Presidency of George Bush
(Lawrence, Kans., 2000), 141–64.

16
. James Mann,
Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet
(New York, 2004), 209–15.

17
. William B. Quandt,
Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967
(rev. ed., Berkeley, Calif., 2001), 296.

18
. Douglas Little,
American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East Since 1945
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2004), 297–99.

19
. Ibid., 300.

20
. Quandt,
Peace Process,
312–14.

21
. Thomas Friedman column,
New York Times,
May 31, 1992.

22
. David Halberstam,
War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals
(New York, 2001), 267–68.

23
. Friedman column,
New York Times,
May 31, 1992.

24
. Klaus Larres, " 'Bloody as Hell': Bush, Clinton, and the Abdication of American Leadership in the Former Yugoslavia, 1990–1995,"
Journal of European Integration History
10 (July 2004), 192.

25
. Mann,
Vulcans,
222–23; Halberstam,
War,
250–52.

26
.
New York Times,
December 20, 1992.

27
. Jason DeParle, "The Man Inside Bill Clinton's Foreign Policy,"
New York Times Magazine
, August 20, 1995, 34.

28
. Halberstam,
War,
204–7, 415–19.

29
. David Rothkopf,
Running the World: The Inside Story of the National Security Council and the Architects of American Power
(New York, 2004), 306–10, 344–49.

30
. Nye,
Paradox,
41.

31
. Rothkopf,
Running the World,
348.

32
. Ibid., 348–52; James Mann,
About Face: A History of America's Curious Relationship with China from Nixon to Clinton
(New York, 1999), 274–308.

33
.
Newsweek,
May 5, 1994, 54; DeParle, "Man Inside," 35.

34
. Mark Bowden,
Black Hawk Down
(New York, 1999).

35
. Halberstam,
War,
270–71.

36
. Thomas Friedman column,
New York Times,
October 1, 1993.

37
. Ibid.

38
. Ibid.;
New York Times,
January 29, 1994;
Washington Post,
May 6, 1994.

39
. Samantha Power, "Bystanders to Genocide,"
Atlantic Monthly,
September 2001, 84.

40
. David Remnick, "The Wanderer,"
New Yorker,
September 18, 2006, 63.

41
. DeParle, "Man Inside," 35; Bob Sacochis,
The Immaculate Invasion
(New York, 1999).

42
. Larres, " 'Bloody as Hell,' " 196–97.

43
. Halberstam,
War,
331.

44
. Larres, " 'Bloody as Hell,' " 201.

45
. Halberstam,
War,
303–6, 317.

46
. Ibid., 358; Larres, " 'Bloody as Hell,' " 200–201.

47
. Max Frankel, "The Shroud,"
New York Times Magazine,
November 17, 1994.

48
. Halberstam,
War,
404–9.

49
. Elaine Sciolino, "Madeleine Albright's Audition,"
New York Times Magazine,
September 22, 1996, 66–67, 87–88, 104.

50
. Halberstam,
War,
409–10.

51
. Colin L. Powell with Joseph Persico,
My American Journey
(New York, 1995), 576.

52
. Halberstam,
War,
409, 423.

53
. Ibid., 475.