heaven, beliefs about,
9.1
; Christian,
5.1
,
5.2
,
6.1
,
6.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
9.2
,
10.1
; Hindu,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
; in Judaism,
4.1
,
4.2
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
5.3
,
12.1
; Mesopotamian,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
1.4
,
1.5
,
1.6

Hébert, Jacques

Hebrew Bible
,
itr.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
5.1
,
5.2
,
6.1
,
8.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
12.1
,
aft.1
,
aft.2
; Chronicles,
4.3
; Daniel,
5.3
; Deuteronomy,
4.4
,
4.5
,
4.6
,
aft.3
,
aft.4
,
nts.1
n79; Exodus,
4.7
,
4.8
,
nts.2
n100; Genesis,
4.9
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
nts.3
n20; Joshua,
4.10
,
4.11
; Judges,
4.12
,
4.13
; Kings,
4.14
,
nts.4
n79; Psalms,
11.3
; Samuel,
4.15
; Song of Songs,
5.4
;
see also
Pentateuch

Hebrews,
see
Israelites

Hebron (West Bank),
11.1
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3

Hedges, Chris,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
1.1

Hedgewar, Keshav B.,
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.1

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

Hehe tribe

Hejazi, Taha

Helios

Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3

Henry II, King of England,
8.1
,
9.1
,
9.2

Henry VIII, King of England

Henry III, King of France

Henry IV, King of France

Henry of Lancaster

Henry of Lausanne

Heraclius

Herbert, Edward, Lord of Cherbury

Hercules

herdsmen
,
1.1
,
1.2
,
4.1
,
5.1
,
7.1
,
7.2
;
see also
pastoral societies

heretics,
7.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
; Christian,
6.1
,
6.2
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
aft.1
; Hindu,
2.1
,
2.2
; Islamic,
11.1
,
aft.2
,
nts.1
n29

hermits,
3.1
,
8.1
,
8.2

Herod, King of Judea,
5.1
,
5.2
,
11.1

Heroic Age,
2.1
,
2.2

Hertford, Treaty of

Herzl, Theodor

Hidden Imam
,
7.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
12.1

Higher Criticism,
10.1
,
10.2
,
11.1

Hilary of Poitiers

Himalayas,
7.1
,
11.1
; foothills of,
2.1
,
2.2

Hindus,
2.1
,
9.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
11.1
,
11.1
; nationalist,
12.1

Hindutva
(Savarkar)

Hippo (North Africa)

Hiroshima, atomic bombing of,
12.1
,
13.1

Hisham I

Hitler, Adolf,
11.1
,
aft.1

Hittites,
1.1
,
1.2
,
4.1
,
4.2

Hizbollah,
12.1
,
12.2

Hobbes, Thomas,
9.1
,
10.1

Hodge, Charles,
11.1
,
11.2

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.

Holocaust
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3
,
13.1
,
13.2
,
aft.1
,
aft.2

Holy Land,
8.1
,
8.2

Holy Roman Empire,
8.1
,
8.2
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4
,
9.5
,
9.6

Holy Spirit,
6.1
,
9.1
,
9.2

Homer,
1.1
,
2.1

Honorius

Hosea, King of the Kingdom of Israel

Hospitalers,
8.1
,
8.2

Houte, Soetken van den

Huai Valley (China)

Huang Di,
see
Yellow Emperor

Hudaybiyyah, Well of (Arabia),
7.1
,
11.1

Huguenots

Hulugu

humanism,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
10.1
,
10.2

Humbaba

Hume, David

Hundred Years’ War

Hungary,
8.1
,
8.2

Husain (third Shii Imam)
,
7.1
,
7.2
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
11.4
,
12.1
,
12.2
,
12.3
,
13.1
,
aft.1
,
nts.1
n83

Ibn al-Arabi, Muid ad-Din

Ibn al-Athir, Izz ad-Din,
8.1
,
nts.1
n69

Ibn al-Khattab, Umar

Ibn al-Shibh, Ramzi

Ibn Anas, Malik

Ibn Ayyub, Yusuf,
see
Saladin

Ibn Mubarak, Abdullah

Ibn Saud,
13.1
,
13.2

Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmed,
8.1
,
10.1
,
12.1
,
13.1
,
aft.1
,
aft.2

Idumaea,
5.1
,
5.2

Igigis

Ignatius of Loyola,
9.1
,
9.2

Iliad
(Homer),
1.1
,
2.1

Imams,
7.1
,
8.1
,
8.2
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
11.4
,
11.5
,
12.1
,
12.2
;
see also
Hidden Imam
;
Husain

Imperial Academy

imperialism
,
1.1
,
4.1
,
4.2
,
8.1
,
11.1
,
12.1
,
13.1
,
aft.1
; agrarian,
itr.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
2.1
,
4.3
,
4.4
,
4.5
; Chinese,
3.1
,
aft.2
; Islamic,
11.2
,
12.2
; Israelites and,
4.6
,
4.7
,
4.8
,
4.9
,
4.10
; Western,
9.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
11.3
,
12.3
,
12.4
,
12.5
,
aft.3
(
see also
colonialism
);
see also specific empires

Inca Empire

India,
7.1
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
aft.1
; ancient,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
itr.3
,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
, 90,
5.1
,
aft.2
; British in,
10.1
,
10.2
; Hindu-Muslim conflicts in,
12.1
; independence of,
2.1
,
11.4
;
Moghuls in (
see
Moghul Empire
); partition of,
11.5
,
11.6
(
see also
Pakistan
); trade routes from,
7.2

Indian National Party

Indians, American,
see
Native Americans

Indo-Europeans
,
1.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
1.4
,
1.5
,
2.1
,
8.1
;
see also
Aryans

Indonesia,
13.1
,
13.2

Indra,
1.1
,
1.2
,
2.1
,
2.2
,
2.3
,
2.4
,
2.5
,
2.6
,
4.1

industrialization,
itr.1
,
9.1
,
10.1
,
10.2
,
10.3
,
10.4
,
11.1
; of warfare,
10.5
,
10.6
,
12.1
,
12.2

Industrial Revolution,
10.1
,
10.2

Indus Valley,
1.1
,
2.1

Infamous Decree

Innocent III, Pope,
8.1
,
8.2
,
8.3
,
9.1

Innocent IV, Pope

Inquisition
,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
9.1
,
9.2
,
aft.1
,
aft.2

Intifadas,
12.1
,
12.2

Iran,
1.1
,
11.1
,
11.2
,
11.3
,
11.4
,
11.5
,
12.1
,
13.1
; ancient,
itr.1
,
1.2
,
1.3
,
1.4
,
1.5
,
2.1
,
3.1
,
4.1
,
6.1
(
see also
Persia
;
Persian Empire
); elections in,
13.2
; Iraq war with,
11.6
,
11.7
,
12.2
; Mongols in,
8.1
; Muslim conquest of,
7.1
,
7.2
; revolution in,
11.8
,
11.9
,
12.3
,
12.4
,
12.5
,
13.3
,
13.4
,
13.5
; Safavid Empire in,
8.2
,
9.1
; Saudi rivalry with,
13.6

Iraq,
1.1
,
7.1
,
11.1
,
13.1
,
aft.1
,
aft.2
,
nts.1
n20; Kuwait invaded by,
13.2
; sanctions against,
13.3
,
13.4
; U.S. wars against,
12.1
,
13.5
; war with Iran,
11.2
,
11.3
,
12.2

Ireland

Irenaeus

Isaac,
4.1
,
4.2
,
11.1

Isabella of Castile,
9.1
,
9.2
,
9.3
,
9.4
,
9.5

Isaiah,
5.1
,
13.1

Ishmael

Ishtar,
itr.1
,
1.1
,
4.1

Isis (goddess)

Islam
,
itr.1
,
itr.2
,
1.1
,
4.1
,
7.1
,
9.1
,
10.1
,
aft.1
,
aft.2
,
nts.1
n83; in Bosnia,
13.1
; conversion of Mongols to,
8.1
,
8.2
; egalitarianism in,
7.2
,
7.3
,
12.1
,
aft.3
; Khomeini’s doctrine of,
11.1
; legal system of (
see
Shariah
); modernization and,
11.2
; radical (
see
Islamism
); Satan in,
8.3
; struggle in,
see
jihad
; traditional norms of,
itr.3
,
11.3
; Wahhabist,
13.2
,
nts.2
n3;
see also
Muslims