Consuming Passions: Leisure and Pleasure in Victorian Britain (95 page)

18
Plumb, ‘The Commercialization of Leisure’, in McKendrick, Brewer, Plumb,
Birth of a Consumer Society
, pp. 280-81; Harvey,
Commercial Sporting Culture
, p. 32.

19
Brailsford,
A Taste for Diversions
, p. 26.

20
Longrigg,
History of Horse Racing
, pp. 89-90; Brailsford,
A Taste for Diversions
, p. 161.

21
Harriet Ritvo, ‘Possessing Mother Nature: Genetic Capital in Eighteenth-Century Britain’, in John Brewer and Susan Staves, eds.,
Early Modern Conceptions of Property: Consumption and Culture in the 17th and 18th Centuries
(London, Routledge, 1995), pp. 415-16.

22
Borsay,
English Urban Renaissance
, p. 218.

23
Wray Vamplew, ‘Tattersall family’, in
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

24
Ibid.

25
Except where otherwise noted, the information on the Weatherby and Tattersall dynasties comes from Mike Huggins, ‘A Tranquil Transformation: Middle-Class Racing “Revolutionaries” in Nineteenth-Century England’, in J. A. Mangan, ed.,
Reformers, Sport, Modernizers: Middle-Class Revolutionaries
(London, Frank Cass, 2002), pp. 43-4, 45-7.

26
Brailsford,
A Taste for Diversions
, p. 26.

27
Ibid., p. 27.

28
Walvin,
Leisure and Society
, p. 24.

29
Simmons,
The Victorian Railway
, p. 272.

30
Wray Vamplew,
The Turf: A Social and Economic History of Horse Racing
(London, Allen Lane, 1976), p. 29; Simmons,
The Victorian Railway
, p. 273.

31
Simmons,
The Victorian Railway
, p. 301.

32
Ibid.

33
Vamplew,
The Turf
, pp. 30-31.

34
Ibid., p. 35.

35
Mike Huggins,
Flat Racing and British Society, 1790-1914: A Social and Economic History
(London, Frank Cass, 2000), pp. 31-2.

36
Dennis Brailsford,
British Sport: A Social History
(Cambridge, Lutterworth Press, 1992), p. 85.

37
Harvey,
Commercial Sporting Culture
, p. 20.

38
Huggins,
Victorians and Sport
, p. 148.

39
Huggins,
Flat Racing and British Society
, pp. 27-8.

40
Wray Vamplew,
Pay Up and Play the Game: Professional Sport in Britain, 1875-1914
(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 55.

41
Ibid., p. 152.

42
Tranter,
Sport, Economy and Society
, p. 20.

43
Vamplew,
The Turf
, p. 38.

44
Vamplew,
Pay Up and Play the Game
, pp. 57-8.

45
Ibid., p. 101.

46
Ibid., pp. 56-7.

47
Huggins,
Flat Racing and British Society
, p. 154.

48
Cited in Cunningham,
Leisure in the Industrial Revolution
, p. 82.

49
Cited in ibid., p. 92.

50
Ibid., pp. 93, 96.

51
Ibid., p. 93; Altick,
Shows of London
, p. 87.

52
Cunningham,
Leisure in the Industrial Revolution
, p. 151.

53
Ibid., p. 152.

54
Robert W. Malcolmson,
Popular Recreations in English Society, 1700-1850
(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973), p. 36.

55
Ibid., pp. 34-5.

56
John Goulstone,
Football’s Secret History
(Upminster, 3-2 Books, 2001), p. 27.

57
Richard Holt,
Sport and the British: A Modern History
(Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989), p. 151; Peter Bailey,
Leisure and Class in Victorian England: Rational Recreation and the Contest for Control
(London, Methuen, 1978), p. 147; Mason,
Association Football
, pp. 26-7, 48-9, 51.

58
Holt,
Sport and the British
, p. 150.

59
Bailey,
Leisure and Class
, p. 147; Brailsford,
British Sport
, p. 96.

60
Mason,
Association Football
, pp. 48-9.

61
Hoppen,
Mid-Victorian Generation
, p. 362; Holt,
Sport and the British
, p. 152.

62
Holt,
Sport and the British
, p. 150.

63
Ibid., p. 31.

64
Mason,
Association Football
, p. 22.

65
Goulstone,
Football’s Secret History
, pp. 28-33.

66
Cited in ibid., pp. 47-8.

67
Holt,
Sport and the British
, p. 85.

68
Cited in Goulstone,
Football’s Secret History
, p. 48.

69
Tranter,
Sport, Economy and Society
, p. 15.

70
Ibid., pp. 24-5.

71
Ibid.; Mason,
Association Football
, pp. 15-16.

72
Huggins,
Victorians and Sport
, p. 63.

73
Mason,
Association Football
, pp. 69-72.

74
Hoppen,
Mid-Victorian Generation
, p. 363.

75
Golby and Purdue,
The Civilisation of the Crowd
, p. 110.

76
Blackman, Janet, ‘The Development of the Retail Grocery Trade in the Nineteenth Century’,
Business History
, 9, 2 (1967), p. 110.

77
Cited in Mason,
Association Football
, p. 73.

78
Bailey,
Leisure and Class
, p. 150.

79
Ibid.; Huggins,
Victorians and Sport
, pp. 63-6.

80
Mason,
Association Football
, p. 74.

81
Punch
, 3 November 1888, pp. 206-7; Mason,
Association Football
, p. 75.

82
Ibid., p. 66.

83
Ibid., pp. 34-5.

84
Ibid., p. 141; Tranter,
Sport, Economy and Society
, p. 17.

85
Mason,
Association Football
, pp. 146-7; Simmons,
The Victorian Railway
, p. 302.

86
Tony Collins and Wray Vamplew, ‘The Pub, the Drinks Trade and the Early Years of Modern Football’,
Sports Historian
, 20, 1 (2000), pp. 7-11.

87
Mason,
Association Football
, p. 35.

88
Ibid., pp. 39-42.

89
Cited in Cunningham,
Leisure in the Industrial Revolution
, pp. 115-16.

90
Cited in Bailey,
Leisure and Class
, pp. 83-4.

91
David V. Herlihy,
Bicycle: The History
(New Haven, Yale University Press, 2004), pp. 75, 147, 150; Bagwell,
Transport Revolution
, pp. 137-8.

92
Herlihy,
Bicycle
, pp. 165, 216, 246, 251.

93
John Lowerson,
Sport and the English Middle Classes: 1870-1914
(Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1993), p. 234.

94
David Rubinstein, ‘Cycling in the 1890s’,
Victorian Studies
, 21, 1 (1977), pp. 51, 57.

95
Simmons,
The Victorian Railway
, p. 305.

96
Frederick Alderson,
Bicycling: A History
(Newton Abbot, David and Charles, 1972), p. 103.

97
F. G. Aflalo, ed.,
The Cost of Sport
(London, John Murray, 1899), pp. 326-7.

98
Alderson,
Bicycling
, p. 73.

99
Ibid., pp. 102-3.

100
Ibid., pp. 43-5.

101
Bagwell,
Transport Revolution
, p. 138.

102
Rubinstein, ‘Cycling in the 1890s’,
Victorian Studies
, 21, 1 (1977), p. 49.

103
Cited in Huggins,
Victorians and Sport
, p. 153.

104
Grant Allen,
Hilda Wade: A Woman with Tenacity of Purpose
(London and New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, [1899]),
passim.
My thanks to my Victoria mailbase colleagues for their contributions to this list of ‘cycling’ stories.

105
Huggins,
Victorians and Sport
, p. 162.

106
Loeb,
Consuming Angels
, p. 43; Shannon, ‘ReFashioning Men’,
Victorian Studies
, 46, 4 (2004), p. 603.

107
Official Catalogue
, vol. 2, classes 12 and 15, no. 15, p. 486.

108
Cunnington and Mansfield,
English Costumes for Sports
, pp. 49-54.

109
Levitt,
Victorians Unbuttoned
, p. 206.

110
Mason,
Association Football
, p. 32.

111
Cited in Holt,
Sport and the British
, p. 127.

112
Levitt,
Victorians Unbuttoned
, p. 199.

113
Cited in Cunnington and Mansfield,
English Costumes for Sports
, pp. 229-30.

114
‘Pastimes for Ladies. On Three Wheels’,
Woman’s World
, 6 (1887), pp. 423-4, cited in Beetham and Boardman,
Victorian Women’s Magazines
, pp. 41-2.

115
Adburgham,
Shops and Shopping
, pp. 264-5.

116
Ibid., p. 203; Breward,
Hidden Consumer
, pp. 141-2.

117
Tranter,
Sport, Economy and Society
, p. 33.

118
Smout, ‘Tours in the Scottish Highlands’,
Northern Scotland
, 5, 2 (1983), pp. 110-11.

119
Vamplew,
Pay Up and Play the Game
, p. 55.

12:
Visions of Sugar Plums: A Christmas Coda

1
Charles Dickens,
Sketches by Boz
, vol. 1, ed. Andrew Lang (London, Gadshill Edition, vol. 26, Chapman and Hall, 1898), ‘Characters’, pp. 258-62.

2
J. M. Golby and A. W. Purdue,
The Making of the Modern Christmas
(rev. ed., Stroud, Sutton, 2000), p. 40.

3
Tony Bennett, John Golby and Ruth Finnegan, ‘Christmas and Ideology’, in
Popular Culture: Themes and Issues
, Block 1, Units 1/2: ‘Christmas: A Case Study’ (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1981), p. 19.

4
J. A. R. Pimlott,
The Englishman’s Christmas: A Social History
(Hassocks, Harvester, 1978), p. 80.

5
Cited in Gavin Weightman and Steve Humphries,
Christmas Past
(London, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1987), pp. 46-7.

6
The Amberley Papers: Letters and Diaries of Lord and Lady Amberley
, ed. Bertrand and Patricia Russell (London, Hogarth Press, 1937), vol. 2, pp. 388, 426.

7
Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, pp. 98-9.

8
The Christmas Tree, A Present from Germany
(London, Darton & Clark, 1844), pp. 1-2.

9
Illustrated London News
, 27 December 1845, p. 405.

10
Ibid., Christmas Supplement, 1848, p. 409.

11
Charles Manby Smith,
Curiosities of London Life, or Phases, Physiological and Social, of the Great Metropolis
(London, William and Frederick G. Cash, 1853), pp. 323-5.

12
Cited in Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, pp. 107-9.

13
Ibid., pp. 112-13.

14
William Wallace Ffyfe,
Christmas: Its Customs and Carols. With Compressed Vocal Score of Select Choral Illustrations
(London, James Blackwood, [1860]), p. 22.

15
Golby and Purdue,
Modern Christmas
, p. 51.

16
David Philip Miller, ‘Davies Gilbert’,
Oxford Dictionary of Biography.

17
Percy Dearmer, R. Vaughan Williams and Martin Shaw,
The Oxford Book of Carols
(London, Oxford University Press, 1928), pp. x-xi.

18
Hindley,
History of the Catnach Press
, pp. 242-3.

19
Dearmer et al.,
Oxford Book of Carols
, pp. x-xi.

20
Hannah Cullwick,
The Diaries of Hannah Cullwick, Victorian Maidservant
, ed. Liz Stanley (London, Virago, 1984), p. 261.

21
Golby and Purdue,
Modern Christmas
, p. 76; Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, p. 77.

22
Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, p. 85.

23
James Robinson Planché,
Pieces of Pleasantry for Private Performance during the Christmas Holidays
(London, Thomas Hailes Lacy, [1868]),
passim.

24
Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, pp. 143, 145.

25
Ibid., p. 81.

26
Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, p. 90.

27
Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, p. 62.

28
Kathleen R. Farrar, ‘The Mechanics’ Saturnalia’, in D. S. L. Cardwell, ed.,
Artisan to Graduate: Essays to Commemorate the Foundation in 1824 of the Manchester Mechanics’ Institution
. . . (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1974), pp. 99-114,
passim.

29
Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, p. 92.