Consuming Passions: Leisure and Pleasure in Victorian Britain (96 page)

30
Drotner,
English Children and their Magazines
, p. 143.

31
The Times
, 22 December 1877, p. 5, col. f.

32
Manby Smith,
Curiosities of London Life
, p. 250.

33
Cited in Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, p. 69.

34
Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, pp. 125, 129.

35
Ibid., p. 43.

36
Cited in ibid., p. 111.

37
Copies of all these can be found in the British Library.

38
Manby Smith,
Little World of London
, p. 261.

39
Charles Dickens,
The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club
(1836-7), ed. Mark Wormald (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1999), p. 431.

40
Buday,
Christmas Card
, pp. 45-7.

41
Golby and Purdue,
Modern Christmas
, p. 69.

42
Buday,
Christmas Card
, pp. 53-5.

43
Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, p. 56.

44
Golby and Purdue,
Modern Christmas
, p. 15.

45
Buday,
Christmas Card
, pp. 6, 15, 53-9, 88-9.

46
Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, pp. 104-5.

47
Ibid., p. 102.

48
Ibid., p. 124.

49
Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, p. 111.

50
Bennett, Golby, Finnegan, ‘Christmas and Ideology’, in
Popular Culture: Themes and Issues
, p. 18; Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, p. 160.

51
Manby Smith,
Curiosities of London Life
, pp. 323, 320.

52
Cited in Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, p. 74.

53
Ibid., p. 74.

54
Cited in Frederick W. Faxon,
Literary Annuals and Gift Books: A Bibliography, 1823-1903
(reprint, Pinner, Private Libraries Association, 1973), p. 10.

55
Peter J. Manning, ‘Wordsworth in the Keepsake’, in John O. Jordan and Robert L. Patten, eds.,
Literature in the Marketplace: Nineteenth-Century British Publishing and Reading Practices
(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 44-5.

56
The Christmas Tree: A Book of Instruction and Amusement for all Young People
(London, James Blackwood, 1860), p. 30.

57
Drotner,
English Children and their Magazines
, p. 63.

58
Dickens,
A Christmas Carol
, p. 82; Pimlott,
Englishman’s Christmas
, p. 122.

59
Briggs,
Friends of the People
, p. 38; Lancaster,
The Department Store
, pp. 23-4, 51.

60
Weightman and Humphries,
Christmas Past
, p. 160.

61
Honeycombe,
Selfridges
, p. 26.

62
Cited in Golby and Purdue,
Modern Christmas
, pp. 16-17.

63
All cited in Diana and Geoffrey Hindley,
Advertising in Victorian England, 1837-1901
(London, Wayland, 1972), entries 2.7-2.13.

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Abel, Carl Friedrich, 348, 355

Aberdeen: clubs, 6; public transport, 99

Aberdeen, George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of, 402

Abington, Frances, 239

Ackermann, Rudolph, 269n, 489

Addison, Joseph, 4-5, 216, 258

Addison, Robert, 21

Adelaide Gallery
see
National Gallery of Practical Science

Adelphi Theatre, London, 275, 291, 298 adultery, 142n

Advertisers Guardian, The
, 163, 196

advertising: and shop circulars, 54-5; of tea, 59-60; development of, 67; for ready-made clothes, 95-7; Selfridge and, 118, 121-2; in newspapers, 130, 132-8, 150, 162; in magazines, 162; Garrick and, 238; of shows, 286; proliferation of, 287, 290; in theatres, 339; fine art in, 417-18; in cycling journals, 458; for Christmas, 487-8, 491

aesthetic movement, 115-16

Age
(newspaper), 142

Agnew’s (art dealers), 410-11, 414

Agricultural Hall, Islington, 283, 453

Albert, Prince Consort: supports Great Exhibition, 3, 11-12, 14, 17, 22, 28, 492; as President of Royal Society of Arts, 8, 11; designs tartan, 221; promotes Christmas trees, 471; favours Christmas presents for adults, 490

Alcock, Charles, 443-4, 446-7

Alexandra Palace, Muswell Hill, 283

Alhambra Music Hall, London, 375-7

Allen, Frank, 377

Allen, Grant, 458

Allen, Ralph, 128

Allison, Robert (piano manufacturer), 21

allotments, 437

Alma-Tadema, Sir Lawrence, 414

Alps: visitors to, 228

Amateur Bicycle Club, 454

Amberley, John Russell, Viscount, and Katharine Louisa, Viscountess, 470

Amelia, Princess, 231

Amherst, J.H., 314n;
The Battle of Waterloo
(hippodrama), 264, 318-19

Amory, Thomas, 216

Anacreontic Society, 345

Andersen, Hans Christian, 306n

Angerstein, John Julius, 392, 400

animals: in theatre, 312-22, 337

Annual Register
, 149

annuals, 488-90

Applegarth and Cooper printing presses, 150

Aqascutum cloth, 92;
see also
Bax & Co.

Aquascutum (London store), 496

Arbuthnot, John, 381

Archer, William, 340n

Aris’s Birmingham Gazette
, 124, 138 aristocracy: opens art galleries, 392-4

Army and Navy Co-operative Society, 81, 497

Arne, Thomas, 239, 352-3

Arnold, Matthew:
Empedocles on Etna
, 193

Arnold, Samuel, 239;
Inkle and Yarico
, 357

Arnold, Thomas, 452

Arnold’s Library of Fine Arts
, 322

Arsenal football club, 440, 448-9

arsenic: as whitening cosmetic, 61n

art: in country houses, 212, 214; viewing, 212; public display, 379-80, 382-3, 385, 391-3, 399-400; and Grand Tour, 380; and patronage, 381, 385, 417; establishes cultural ideals, 384-5; aristocracy and, 392-4; exhibitions outside London, 405-8; market and dealing, 409-18; monographs on, 415; in advertising, 417-18

Art Journal
, 271

Art Treasures Examiner
(weekly journal), 408

Ascot racecourse, 435

Ashworth, Henry, 208, 211

Astley, John Conway Philip, 314-15

Astley, Philip, 313-14

Astley’s Amphitheatre, 264, 296, 313-14, 317-18, 321

Aston Villa football club, 440

Athenaeum
( journal), 184, 325, 414

Athletic News
, 153

Atkins’s Circus and Menagerie, 283-4

Augusta, Princess, 383

Austen, Jane:
Emma
, 230;
Northanger Abbey
, 164, 217;
Persuasion
, 235;
Pride and Prejudice
, 212

automata (clockwork), 253-4, 275, 285

Avon Navigation scheme, 231

Babbage, Charles, 165n

Bach, Johann Christian, 347-8, 356, 360

Baedeker
(guidebook), 243

Bainbridge’s (Newcastle store), 110, 114, 496

Baker Street Bazaar (London store), 257, 269

Bakewell, Robert, 427

Balmoral, 221

Bamford, Samuel (weaver), 419-20

bands
see
orchestras

Banister, John, 343

Bank Holiday Act (1871), 470

Banks, Sir Joseph, 379

Banks, Thomas, 383

Bantock, Sir Granville, 250

Baptist Magazine
, 479

Barker, Henry Aston, 263

Barker, John, 114-15

Barker, Robert, 262-3, 273

Barker’s (London store), Kensington, 113, 497

Barran, John, 90-1

Barrie, J.M.:
Peter Pan
, 306n, 333n

Barry, Ann Spranger, 239

Barry, James:
The Progress of Human Culture
(painting), 387

Barrymore, William, 179, 314n

Barthélémon, François-Hippolyte, 352

Bartholomew Fair, 283-4

Bartolozzi, Francesco, 198, 298, 383n

Barton, George, 168, 171

Bates, Joah, 347n

Bath: shops in, 105; coffee houses, 127; as spa town, 231-2, 248; pleasure gardens, 232-3; entertainments, 233-5; investment in, 248; theatre in, 294-5; art exhibitions, 405

Bath Institution for Promoting the Fine Arts, 405

bathing machines, 245

bathing costumes, 245, 247

Batoni, Pompeo, 380

Bax & Co. (later Aquascutum), 92, 496

Baylis, Lilian, 329n

Bayswater Chronicle
, 11

bazaars, 107-9

Beale’s (Bournemouth store), 111

bear-baiting, 420

Beaumont, Sir George, 399-400

Beddoes, Thomas, 172

beer: as standard drink, 46n

Beethoven, Ludwig van, 355

Beeton, Samuel, 161

Beggarstaff Brothers (William Nicholson and James Ferrier Pryde), 418

Belgravia (London), 11n

Bell, Jacob, 413

Bell, John, 173

Belle Assemblée, La
(magazine), 159-61

Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle
, 153-5, 204, 432, 439, 441-2

Bell’s Penny Dispatch
, 142

Belzoni, Giovanni Battista:
Narrative of the Operations . . . in Egypt and Nubia
, 198-9

Benjamin, Walter, 28

Bennett, Arnold, 144

Bennett, Frances, 58

Bentham, Jeremy: on luxuries and necessities, 55

Bentley, Richard, 184, 186, 190, 192

Bentley, Thomas, 49, 63-7, 74n

Berrow, Hervey, 165

Bethnal Green Times
, 364

betting: on horseracing, 421, 432

Beverley, Yorkshire, 422, 424

bicycle: invention and development, 453-6; technological improvements, 464-5;
see also
cycling

bill-posters (bill-stickers), 287, 290

Bird, G.:
Practical Scrivener
, 138

Birmingham: toy manufacture, 49n; omnibuses in, 99; shops, 106; theatre in, 294-5; Rodney music hall, 373; art exhibitions, 406

Birmingham Flour and Bread Company, 79

Birmingham Saturday Half Holiday-Guide
, 203

Birmingham Society of Art, 399

Blackburn Rovers football club, 444-6, 451

Blackpool: railway line, 33

Blandford, Dorset: horseracing, 428-9, 431-2

Blériot, Louis, 122

Blood Red Knight, The
(hippodrama), 314

Blumenfeld, Ralph D., 121

Board of Trustees for the Encouragement of Arts and Manufactures in Scotland, 220

Bolton: Star Music Hall, 373

Bolton Chronicle
, 446

Bolton Evening News
, 143

Bolton Weekly Journal
, 143

Bon Marché (London store), 113, 497

Bon Marché (Liverpool store), 490

Bon Marché, (Paris store), 109, 113n

Book of Economy, The
(by ‘A Gentleman’), 94

bookbinding, 182-3

books: availability, 164-6, 169; prices, 164-7, 184, 189-90, 193; sales, 167-8; popular and sensational, 174-6; production, 182-3; buying, 184; effect of railways on, 187-8, 190-4; as Christmas gifts, 488-9;
see also
annuals; chapbooks; libraries; novels

booksellers, 165-6, 168, 174;
see also
under individual company names

Booksellers Committee, 184

Booth, ‘General’ William, 374n

Boruwlaski, Count (dwarf ), 256

Boswell, James, 237n, 257

Botanical Society, 74n

Boucicault, Dion, 332, 338;
The Colleen Bawn
, 337-8;
The Corsican Brothers
(adaptation), 333-5;
Janet Pride
, 338;
London Assurance
, 333;
London by Night
, 336;
The Octoroon
, 336;
Pauvrette
, 336;
The Poor of New York
(rewritten as
The Poor of Liverpool
, and variants), 336, 338

Boucicault, Dion, Jr, 333n

Boucicault, Nina, 333n

Boucicaut, Aristide, 109, 113n

Boulton & Fothergill (company), 67

Boulton, Matthew, 30, 53, 74n, 79

Bourgeois, Sir Peter Francis, 398

Bourne and Hollingsworth (London store), 113, 497

Bournemouth, 247-9

Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, 249

Bournonville, August, 298n

Bow pottery, 62

Bow Printing Office
, 176

bowling (sport), 420

Boydell, John (printseller), 101, 388-91, 411

Boys’ Own Paper
, 458

Bradshaw, George: railway timetables and companions, 195-6

Bremner (music publisher), 357

breweries: and football, 450-1

Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of, 73, 392