Circle of Treason (37 page)

6 Jul 2001—Hanssen pleads guilty

10 May 2002—Hanssen sentenced to life imprisonment

12 July 2002—death of Howard in Moscow

NOTES

Chapter 1. Jeanne's Story

1
.
   
For one participant's account of events after Golitsyn arrived in the United States, see Fulton,
Reflections on a Life: From California to China
, 32–35.

2
.
   
For the story of Kisevalter's adventurous life, see Ashley,
CIA Spymaster
.

Chapter 3. Overview of SE Operations

1
.
   
Perhaps the best account of the Monster Plot is contained in Tom Mangold's
Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter. Molehunt: The Secret Search for Traitors That Shattered the CIA
by David Wise is also worth reading. For extensive biographical information on Angleton himself, see Winks,
Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961
.

2
.
   
The Yurchenko case and his connection with Ames is discussed separately in
Chapter 17
.

3
.
   
For the Cherepanov story, see, among others, Andrew and Mitrokhin,
The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
, 185, and Mangold,
Cold Warrior
, 213, 253.

Chapter 4. The Polyakov Case—The Beginnings

1
.
   
No book has yet been written about the Polyakov case, although he richly deserves one. The best summary is perhaps Elaine Shannon's “Death of the Perfect Spy,” which appeared in
Time
on 8 August 1994.

2
.
   
A different version of Polyakov's approach appears in David Wise's book
Nightmover: How Aldrich Ames Sold the CIA to the KGB for $4.6 Million
. In this version, related to Wise by John Mabey, Polyakov asked
General O'Neil if he could be put in touch with the
CIA representative
in New York, not with a
member of American intelligence
as the FBI later reported to the CIA. Accordingly, Mabey posed as a CIA officer, a fact also not mentioned in the FBI memoranda.

Chapter 5. The Polyakov Case—The Middle

1
.
   
The Russian rank translates literally as major general, but it is the equivalent of a brigadier general, that is, a one-star general in the West.

Chapter 6. The Polyakov Case—The End

1
.
   
The empty bottle of Three Stars cognac was given in the late 1990s to H. Keith Melton, author and world-renowned expert on spy equipment, for display in his private collection housed in the Spy Museum in Boca Raton, Florida.

Chapter 7. Early Major Cases

1
.
   
Ranelagh,
The Agency: The Rise and Fall of the CIA
, 638.

2
.
   
Ibid.

3
.
   
Turner,
Secrecy and Democracy: The CIA in Transition
, 141–142.

4
.
   
Ibid., 51–52.

5
.
   
Epstein,
Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald
, 20, 263, 273.

6
.
   
Tom Mangold in
Cold Warrior
, 340–344, details some of the most important of these GRU agents and Kalaris' efforts to rectify the damage done to Western governments by Angleton's deliberate inaction.

7
.
   
For the record, Poleshchuk is the correct U.S. Board of Geographic Names transliteration of his surname. Earley has it as Poleschuk in
Confessions of a Spy: The Real Story of Aldrich Ames
, and Bearden has it as Polyshchuk in
The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA's Final Showdown with the KGB
.

8
.
   
Krasilnikov,
Prizraki s Ulitsy Chaykovskogo
, 127–130 of the English translation.

9
.
   
Cherkashin,
Spy Handler: Memoir of a KGB Officer
, 191–192. Ames, of course, freely admits that he betrayed Poleshchuk to the KGB.

10
.
   
One of Barnett's handlers was former KGB general Oleg Kalugin, who tells the story in his book. See Kalugin,
The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West
, 159–162.

11
.
   
The following account draws heavily on an article by Barry Royden, entitled “Tolkachev, a Worthy Successor to Penkovsky,” which appeared in the CIA publication
Studies in Intelligence
in 2003. Those who wish to delve more deeply should consult this narrative, which is based on still-classified file holdings.

12
.
   
For details on Fulton's tour in Moscow, including a description of his role in the Tolkachev case, see Fulton,
Reflections on a Life
, 59–82.

13
.
   
For Sheymov's own account of his relationship with the CIA, see Sheymov,
Tower of Secrets: A Real Life Spy Thriller
.

14
.
   
Ibid., 381. Sheymov was right on both counts. In this instance, as well as several others, he demonstrated that he and his family were partners in the ultimate success of the operation.

Chapter 8. Later Major Cases

1
.
   
The most authoritative source on this case is
Carnets intimes de la DST: 30 ans au coeur du contre-espionnage francais
(Intimate notebooks of the DST: Thirty years at the heart of French counter-espionage). This book is based on interviews with Raymond Nart, former DST deputy chief, who was responsible for running the Farewell operation. Descriptions of the case in English include Gordon Brook-Shepherd's
The Storm Birds: Soviet Post-War Defectors
, 253–265, and Gus Weiss' “The Farewell Dossier,” which appeared in
Studies in Intelligence
in 1996.

2
.
   
One book, however, treats this case in detail. This is
Traitors Among Us: Inside the Spy Catcher's World
by Stuart A. Herrington, which devotes more than half of its pages to Conrad and his ring.

3
.
   
This is not the way Milt Bearden tells the story. See page 107 of
The Main Enemy
. Nevertheless, early in the investigation of what had gone wrong in 1985 Jeanne read Smetanin's file with care. She believes that her memory of the event is correct.

4
.
   
Cherkashin,
Spy Handler
, 218–219.

5
.
   
Ibid., 219–224.

6
.
   
Ibid., 223.

7
.
   
Ibid., 210.

Chapter 9. Things Begin to Go Wrong

1
.
   
For Howard's own highly unbelievable account of his relationship with the KGB, see
Safe House: The Compelling Memoirs of the Only CIA Spy to Seek Asylum in Russia
. David Wise has a more balanced version in
The Spy Who Got Away: The Inside Story of Edward Lee Howard, the CIA Agent Who Betrayed His Country's Secrets and Escaped to Moscow
.

2
.
   
For an insider's account of this operation, see Olson,
Fair Play: The Moral Dilemmas of Spying
, 9–11.

3
.
   
For a detailed description of the Walker spy ring, see Earley,
Family of Spies: Inside the John Walker Spy Ring
.

Chapter 10. First Attempts

1
.
   
This case is described in Oleg Kalugin's book
The First Directorate
. See pages 46–47.

2
.
   
Two books have been written about this case. The broader and more objective one is Rodney Barker's
Dancing with the Devil
; the other is
The Court-Martial of Clayton Lonetree
by Lake Headley, a member of Lonetree's defense team.

Chapter 11. CIC Formation

1
.
   
Oddly, Milt Bearden, who is central to this fiasco and must be held responsible for it, describes it as having begun in May 1987. See Bearden,
The Main Enemy
, 297.

Chapter 12. Beginning of the Focus on Ames

1
.
   
As it turned out, this last theory was correct. The Czechs did indeed share Koecher's reporting with the KGB. See Kalugin,
The First Directorate
, 186–188. Kalugin does not provide names, but it is clear that Koecher is the person he is talking about.

Chapter 13. The Investigation Gets New Life

1
.
   
The review appeared in 2004 in
Studies in Intelligence
, published by the CIA's Center for the Study of Intelligence.

Chapter 15. The FBI Takes Over

1
.
   
Maas,
Killer Spy: The Inside Story of the FBI's Pursuit and Capture of Aldrich Ames, America's Deadliest Spy
, 129.

Chapter 16. Reactions to the Arrest of Ames

1
.
   
See I. C. Smith,
Inside: A Top G-Man Exposes Spies, Lies, and Bureaucratic Bungling Inside the FBI
, 131.

2
.
   
See HPSCI,
Report of Investigation: The Aldrich Ames Espionage Case
, and SSCI,
An Assessment of the Aldrich H. Ames Espionage Case and Its Implications for U.S. Intelligence
.

3
.
   
For an overview, see the unclassified abstract
The Aldrich H. Ames Case: An Assessment of CIA's Role in Identifying Ames as an Intelligence Penetration of the Agency
.

4
.
   
In his recent book, Cherkashin says that he met Ames on three separate occasions. See
Spy Handler
, 24.

5
.
   
Pages 151–157 of Maas'
Killer Spy
contain information from the FBI's technical coverage of the Ames residence and telephones from which the special agents drew their conclusions, and pages 222–223 outline what was found in the post-arrest search of the residence. She had sixty purses, some of them still in wrapping paper, more than five hundred pairs of shoes, dozens of ensembles, some of them still with the price tags attached, and one hundred and sixty-five pairs of unopened panty hose.

Chapter 17. Ames the Person, Ames the Spy

1
.
   
Clarridge,
A Spy For All Seasons: My Life in the CIA
, 121.

2
.
   
See Shevchenko's autobiography,
Breaking with Moscow: The Highest Ranking Soviet Official Ever to Defect
.

3
.
   
Cherkashin,
Spy Handler
.

4
.
   
Ibid., 179.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, James.
Sellout: Aldrich Ames and the Corruption of the CIA
. New York: Penguin Books, 1995.

Andrew, Christopher, and Oleg Gordievsky.
KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev
. New York: HarperPerennial, 1991.

Andrew, Christopher, and Vasili Mitrokhin.
The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB
. New York: Basic Books, 1999.

Ashley, Clarence.
CIA Spymaster
. Foreword by Leonard McCoy. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Company, 2004.

Barker, Rodney.
Dancing With the Devil: Sex, Espionage and the US Marines—The Clayton Lonetree Story
. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.

Barron, John.
Breaking the Ring: The Bizarre Case of the Walker Family Spy Ring
. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

——.
KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents
. New York: Reader's Digest Press, 1974.

Bearden, Milt, and James Risen.
The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA's Final Showdown with the KGB
. New York: Random House, 2003.

Brook-Shepherd, Gordon.
The Storm Birds: Soviet Post-War Defectors
. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988.

Cherkashin, Victor.
Spy Handler: Memoir of a KGB Officer
. New York: Basic Books, 2005.

Clarridge, Duane.
A Spy For All Seasons: My Life in the CIA
. New York: Scribner, 1997.

Earley, Pete.
Confessions of a Spy: The Real Story of Aldrich Ames
. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1997.

——.
Family of Spies: Inside the John Walker Spy Ring
. New York: Bantam Books, 1988.

Epstein, Edward Jay.
Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald
. New York: Reader's Digest Press, 1978.

Fulton, Bob.
Reflections on a Life: From California to China
. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008.

Galayko, Vladimir. “Major General Dmitriy Polyakov.”
Novoye Russkoye Slovo
(New Russian Word) (10 November 1998).

Gates, Robert M.
From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War
. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.

Havill, Adrian.
The Spy Who Stayed Out in the Cold: The Secret Life of FBI Double Agent Robert Hanssen
. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001.

Headley, Lake, and William Hoffman.
The Court-Martial of Clayton Lonetree
. Introduction by William Kunstler. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1989.

Herrington, Stuart A.
Traitors Among Us: Inside the Spy Catcher's World
. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1999.