Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made (58 page)

27
Ryszard Kapuscinski,
The Shadow of the Sun: My African Life
, Penguin, London, 2002 (first published 2001), p. 321.

28
Wm. Roger Louis,
In the Name of God, Go! Leo Amery and the British Empire in the Age of Churchill
, W. W. Norton & Co., New York, 1992, p. 30.

29
Leo Amery diary, 28 Sept. 1951, Leo Amery Papers, 7/45.

30
For example John Ramsden excludes India from his analysis in
Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and His Legend since 1945
, HarperCollins, London, 2002, giving his reasons on p. xvi.

31
As Hyam points out in ‘Churchill and the British Empire’, p. 167.

1. LEARNING TO THINK IMPERIALLY

1
Nigel Nicolson (ed.),
Harold Nicolson: Diaries and Letters, 1930–1939
, Collins, London, 1966, pp. 396–7 (entry for 14 June 1939).

2
Chamberlain advised his fellow citizens to ‘Learn to think Imperially’: ‘Mr Chamberlain in the City’,
The Times
, 20 Jan. 1904.

3
Paul Addison,
Churchill: The Unexpected Hero
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005, p. 17.

4
Geoffrey Best,
Churchill: A Study in Greatness
, Penguin, London, 2002 (first published by Hambledon, London, 2001), p. 24.

5
Elizabeth Everest to WSC, 8 April 1894, CV I, part 1, p. 463.

6
‘Music, Dancing, and Theatre Licences’,
The Times
, 11 Oct. 1894.

7
WSC,
My Early Life: A Roving Commission
[originally published by Thornton Butterworth, London, 1930], CW, vol. I, p. 71.

8
WSC to Jack Churchill, 7 Nov. 1894, CV I, part 1, p. 532.

9
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 71.

10
Gordon Halswell to WSC, 6 Oct. 1933, CV V, part 2, p. 661.

11
WSC to Lady Randolph Churchill, 24 May 1887, and J. W. Spedding to WSC, 10 July 1890, CV I, part 1, pp. 133, 205.

12
Speech of 26 July 1897. These last words were a fairly direct borrowing from William Whewell,
A Sermon preached on Trinity Monday, June 15 1835, before the Corporation of the Trinity House
, London 1835, p. 15: ‘Can we suppose otherwise, than that it is our office to carry civilization and humanity, peace and good government, and, above all, the knowledge of the true God, to the uttermost ends of the earth?’ I am grateful to Boyd Hilton and the archivist of Trinity College, Cambridge for assistance on this point.

13
WSC,
Thoughts and Adventures
[first published by Thornton Butterworth, London, 1932], CW, vol. XIII, p. 32.

14
Roland Quinault, ‘Churchill, Lord Randolph Henry Spencer (1849–1895)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004 [
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5404
, accessed 13 Aug. 2007]; WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 125.

15
The Times
, 3 Dec. 1874, CV I, part 1, p. 1.

16
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 16.

17
WSC,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, pp. 448–50.

18
‘Satan Absolved’ (1899), in
The Poetical Works of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt: A Complete Edition
, vol. II, Macmillan, London, 1914, p. 285.

19
Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, ‘Randolph Churchill: A Personal Recollection’,
Nineteenth Century and After
, 59 (1906), pp. 401–15, at 403.

20
Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 4th Series, vol. 280, 8 June 1883, col. 49.

21
WSC,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, p. 207.

22
Ibid., p. 208.

23
‘Lord R. Churchill At Chatham’,
The Times
, 7 June 1883.

24
Lord Randolph Churchill, speech of 15 April 1884, quoted in WSC,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, p. 227.

25
Lala Baijnath,
England and India
, Jehangir B. Karani & Co., Bombay, 1893, pp. 88–9.

26
Letter of 3 March 1885, quoted in WSC,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, p. 796.

27
Roy Foster,
Lord Randolph Churchill
:
A Political Life
, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981, pp. 169, 171.

28
Lord Randolph Churchill, speech of 6 Aug. 1885, quoted in WSC,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, p. 376.

29
‘The Primrose League’,
The Times
, 20 April 1885; WSC, ‘The Scaffolding of Rhetoric’ (unpublished article), 1897, CV I, part 2, p. 820.

30
Blunt, ‘Randolph Churchill’, p. 412.

31
N. G. Chandavarkar,
English Impressions
(1887), pp. 44–5, quoted in Foster,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, p. 409.

32
Lord Randolph Churchill, speech of 21 Nov. 1885, quoted in Foster,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, p. 204. A baboo – or babu – was a native Indian clerk, defined by Winston Churchill as ‘the Oriental embodiment of Red Tape’:
The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War
[first published by Longmans, Green & Co., 1898], CW, vol. II, p. 163n.

33
Lord Randolph Churchill to Oscar Browning, 14 March 1890, Oscar Browning Papers, OB/1/345/C.

34
Brian Roberts,
Churchills in Africa
, Hamish Hamilton, London, 1970, pp. 4, 14.

35
Ibid., p. 30. Rather hypocritically he then spent £2000 on a diamond necklace himself: ‘I don’t mean to give it to Jennie, but she can wear it at times, and if we get hard up I shall sell it.’ Lord Randolph Churchill to his mother, 30 Nov. 1891, Lord Randolph Churchill Papers, Add. 9248/27/3787.

36
Lord Randolph Churchill,
Men, Mines and Animals in South Africa
, Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., London, 1893, p. 25.

37
Ibid., p. 94.

38
Lord Randolph Churchill to WSC, 27 June 1891, CV I, part 1, p. 248.

39
WSC to Lord Randolph Churchill, 22 July 1891, ibid., p. 260.

40
WSC to Lord Randolph Churchill, 27 Sept. [1891], ibid., p. 270.

41
Churchill,
Men, Mines and Animals
, p. 92.

42
Lord Randolph Churchill to his mother, 15 July 1891, Lord Randolph Churchill Papers, Add. 9248/27/3761.

43
Churchill,
Men, Mines and Animals
, p. 120.

44
Lord Randolph Churchill to his mother, 30 Sept. 1891, Lord Randolph Churchill Papers, Add. 9248/27/3786.

45
Earl of Rosebery,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, Arthur L. Humphreys, London, 1906, pp. 72, 181.

46
WSC,
Thoughts and Adventures
, p. 32.

47
Aylmer Haldane,
A Soldier’s Saga
, William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1948, pp. 119–20.

48
See Foster,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, pp. 382–403.

49
Blunt, ‘Randolph Churchill’, p. 406.

50
WSC,
Lord Randolph Churchill
, pp. 102, 214.

51
Ibid., p. 487. This remark was endorsed by Rosebery:
Lord Randolph Churchill
, p. 117.

52
Lord Randolph Churchill to WSC, 9 Aug. 1893, CV I, part 1, p. 391.

53
WSC,
My Early Life
, p. 20.

54
See especially John MacKenzie (ed.),
Imperialism and Popular Culture
, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1986, and J. A. Mangan,
‘Benefits bestowed’: Education and British Imperialism
, Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1988.

55
See Bernard Porter,
The Absent-Minded Imperialists: Empire, Society, and Culture in Britain
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004.

56
John Colville,
The Fringes of Power: Downing Street Diaries, 1939–1955
, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1985, pp. 320, 444 (entries for 18 Dec. 1940 and 28 Sept. 1941).

57
E. D. W. Chaplin (ed.),
Winston Churchill and Harrow
, Harrow School Book Shop, Harrow-on-the-Hill, 1941, pp. 71, 77.

58
WSC, ‘Back to the Spartan Life in Our Public Schools’,
Daily Mail
, 1 Dec. 1931, in WSC,
The Collected Essays of Sir Winston Churchill
, ed. Michael Wolff, 4 vols., Library of Imperial History, London, 1976, vol. IV, pp. 86–7.

59
J. E. C. Welldon to Oscar Browning, 4 May 1885, Browning Papers, OB/1/1728A.

60
Haldane,
A Soldier’s Saga
, p. 131.

61
L. S. Amery,
My Political Life
, vol. I:
England before the Storm, 1896–1914
, Hutchinson, London, 1953, p. 40.

62
J. E. C. Welldon,
Recollections and Reflections
, Cassell, London, 1915, pp. 144–5.

63
J. E. C. Welldon to Harcourt Butler, c. 1890, Harcourt Butler Papers, MS Eur. F11/27.

64
Welldon to Harcourt Butler, 5 Sept. 1923, ibid.