Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years (206 page)

Kebra Nagast

Kempis, Thomas a (
c.
1380-1471)

Kennedy (Semple McPherson), Aimee (1890 - 1944), Plate 50

kenotic Christianity

Keswick Conferences

Kharg Island

Khazar Khanate

Khludov Psalter Plate

Khomiakov, Aleksei (1804 - 60)

Kiel

Kierkegaard, Soren (1813 - 55)

Kiev (Kyiv); Caves Monastery; Metropolitan of; Mohyla Academy; Princes:
see
Rus'

Kim Il Sung (1912 - 94)

Kimbangu, Simon (1887 - 1951), and Kimbanguist Church

King James Bible:
see
Bible: Authorized Version

Kingdom of God

Kipchak Khans ('Golden Horde')

Knights Hospitaller; Knights Templar:
see
Hospitallers; Templars

Kongo, Christianity in, Plate

Konstanz (Constance), Council of (1414 - 18)

kontakion

Koran:
see
Qur'an

Korea; Donghak movement; Pentecostalism in; Protestantism in; Roman Catholicism in;
see also
alphabet:
han'gul
script; Minjung theology

Kulturkampf

Kyiv:
see
Kiev

Lahore

Lalibela, Plate

Lambeth Palace; Conferences, Plate

Las Casas, Bartolome de (1484 - 1566)

Last Days and Last Judgement ; and conversion of Jews;;
defined
; and French Revolution; and Jesus; and medieval Western Europe, Plate; non-appearance (1st century); and Pietism; in Reformation era; in Russia; in USA;
see also
Antichrist; apocalypse; Dispensationalism; millenarianism; millennium; Miller; post-millennialism; premillennialism

last rites

Last Supper

Lateran Councils: (1139);h (1215); h (1512 -); Treaty (1929)

Latin America; Liberation Theology; and Pentecostalism;
see
Central America, Portugal; South America; Spain

Latin Doctors (Ambrose; Augustine of Hippo; Pope Gregory I; Jerome, q.v.)

Latin language ; disappearance in East; literature ; in liturgy ; in Renaissance; theological terms;
see also
rhetoric

Latitudinarians;
see also
Deists

law: Carolingian; and Christian morality; divine; ecclesiastical (canon law); English ('Common Law'); Greek; international law; Islamic; Jewish; natural law; Roman; Russian; theological role of;
see also
antinomianism; covenant; Deuteronomic code; Jesus Christ; justification; Luther; Paul of Tarsus; soteriology

lay activism in Church ;
see also
clericalism

leisure:
see
consumerism

Lent

lepers

liberal Protestantism; and anti-Semitism; and ecumenism; and Enlightenment; against racism; and Second Reich; and sexual liberation; and South Africa;
see also
social reform and 'Social Gospel'

liberalism (political)

Liberation Theology, Plate

limiters:
see
friars

literacy; African-American; in New England; in Novgorod; in United States

Lithuania; animism in; anti-Trinitarianism in; Catholicism in; conversion of; martyrs; Metropolitan of; Orthodoxy in; Reformed Protestantism in

Grand Princes:
see
Poland-Lithuania: Kings;
see also
Poland-Lithuania; Ruthenian Orthodoxy; Teutonic Knights

liturgy; Anglican; Armenian; Catholic Apostolic; early Church; Ethiopian; Greek Orthodox ; Lutheran; Pentecostal; Russian Orthodox; of St Basil; of St James; of St John Chrysostom; Slavonic; Syriac; Tridentine; Western Latin/ Roman Catholic ;
see also Book of Common Prayer
; Eucharist; funerals; hymns; Kalendars; marriage; Mass; music; Offices of the Church; ordination; physicality in worship; sacraments; stational worship; vernacular liturgy

Locke, John (1632 - 1704)

Logos
theology;
see also
Bible: John; Jesus Christ

Lollardy;
defined

Lombards

London; Black Death in; Charterhouse; Great Fire; Mithraeum; St Mary-le-Bow; St Paul's Cathedral; Temple Church

London Missionary Society

Lord's Day:
see
Sunday

Lord's Prayer

Lord's Supper:
see
Eucharist

Lourdes, Our Lady of, Plate 44

Low Churchmanship, Anglican;
see also
Evangelicalism

Low Countries (Netherlands); Anglo-Saxon mission in; and
Devotio Moderna
; Ottonians and; early Protestantism in; Reformed Protestantism in, Plate; and Spain, Plate; toleration and tolerance in; witchcraft in;
see also
Belgium; United Provinces (Northern Netherlands), Spanish Netherlands

Low Mass:
see
Mass

Lucifer;
see also
Satan

Lutetia:
see
Paris

Luther, Martin (1483 - 1546) ;
Life
: background; andTheses;
Turmerlebnis
; at Leipzig Disputation; burns papal bulls; at Diet of Worms; Lenten sermons; and Farmers' War; marriage; death;
Topics concerning
: and Antichrist; and Apocrypha; and Augustine; and Bible; and civil commonwealths; and divine law; and Erasmus; and Eucharist; '
Haustafeln
'; and hymns and music; and images; and indulgences; and Jews; opponents; and papacy; and paradox; and predestination; as prophet; soteriology; and witchcraft; and Zwingli;
Slavery of the Will

Lutheran (Evangelical) Churches ; in Africa; in central Europe; and Eucharist; first; in Germany ; in Hungary/ Transylvania; in Jerusalem; liturgy; music; and Nazis; in North America/USA; 'Orthodoxy' in; and Pietism; in Poland-Lithuania 2; and resistance; in Scandinavia;
see also
Pietism; Schmalkaldic League

Lyons (Lyon); Council of (1274);
see also
Irenaeus; Pothinus

Maccabees;
see also
Hasmonean dynasty

Macedon and Macedonia

Kings: Alexander III ('the Great';; BCE); Philip II (382;BCE)

Macedonianism (
Pneumatomachi
)

McPherson, Aimee Semple:
see
Kennedy

Madagascar (Malaghasy)

magic;
see also
witchcraft

magisterial Reformation:
see
Reformation

magisterium

magistrates;
defined
;
see also
regents

Mani (d. 276/7) and Manichaeism

Mar Thoma Church;
see also
Dyophysites; India

Marcion of Sinope (
c. 110-c.
160)

Maronite Church

marriage; Christian attitudes to; clerical; companionate; Jesus Christ on; mystical marriage; and Thomas Cranmer;
see also
annulment; asceticism; children; clerical celibacy; divorce; polygamy; sex; youth

Marsiglio of Padua (
c. 1275-c.
1342)

Martin of Tours (316 - 97)

Martyr, Peter:
see
Vermigli

martyrdom; in Buganda; by Byzantine Emperor; and gnostics; in Japan; in Korea; in Latin America; in Lithuania; in New France; in Ottoman Empire; in Poland; of Protestants; in Reformation Ch. 17; in Roman Empire , Plate 2; in Russia; in Sassanian Empire;
see also
burning at the stake; persecution

Marx, Karl (1818 - 83) and Marxism

Mary, Blessed Virgin (Our Lady;
fl. c.
30); and allegory; Annunciation; in art, Plates; Assumption; and Circumcision; and Cistercians; and Constantinople; devotion to ; Dormition; genealogy;
hyperdulia
; images; Immaculate Conception; in Islam; items of clothing; Magnificat;
Mediatrix
; merits; missing from
Messiah
; in modern Europe; Mother of the Church; Mother of God; perpetual virginity and Virgin Birth of Jesus; and Protestants; Second Eve; sufferings ('Our Lady of Pity');
see also
Anna;
Theotokos

Mary Magdalene (
fl. c.
30)

Mass; attacks on;
defined
; devotion around ; elevation of the Host; evolution in Western Latin Church; first communion; High Mass; Jews and; Low Mass; in Lutheranism; and Purgatory; Requiem Mass; Tridentine;
see also Corpus Christi
; Eucharist; Jesus Christ: Holy Blood; transubstantiation; utraquism

Massachusetts

Maurists:
see
Benedictines

Maximus the Confessor (
c.
580 - 662)

Mecca (Makkah)

medicine and doctors

Megiddo (Armageddon)

Melanchthon (Schwarzerd), Philipp (1497 - 1560); and Eucharist; and soteriology

Melchites

Melitius of Lycopolis (d. after) and Melitian schism

men ;
see also
alcohol; heterosexuality; homosexuality; misogyny; patriarchy; warfare; women

mendicants:
see
friars

Mennonites

Mesopotamia (Iraq)

Messalianism

Messiah ('Anointed One');
see also
Jesus Christ as Messiah

Methodism; in Africa; in China; as 'Connexion'; early years; fissiparousness; in Germany; in Great Britain; in India; ministry; in Pacific region; in Scotland; in Tonga; in United States (Methodist Episcopal Churches) ; worldwide mission;
see also
Holiness Movement; Wesley

metrical (Geneva) psalms

metropolitan bishops

Metz;
see also
Chrodegang

Mexico (New Spain)

Miaphysite (Monophysite) Christianity, Chs. ;
see also
Coptic Church; Ethiopia; Monophysite Controversy; Syriac Orthodox Church

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

Middle East Map 5 (177),
see also
Arabia; Holy Land; Iraq; Israel; Judaea; Lebanon; Mesopotamia; Palestine; Parthian Empire; Persia; Sassanian Empire; Syria

Milan (Mediolanum); Declaration of (313);
see also
Ambrose

military orders;
see also
Templars; Teutonic Knights

military saints;
see also
George; Martin of Tours; Pachomius; Sergius and Bacchus

military service:
see
army

millenarianism;
defined
;
see also
apocalypticism; Last Days; post-millennialism; premillennialism

Miller, William (1782-1849) and Millerites

minarets

ministry; choice of ministers; criticism of; eunuchs and; itinerant; 'padre'; Protestant; of women;
see also
anticlericalism; apostolic succession; congregationalism; episcopacy; Independency; lay activism; local preachers; marriage, clerical; ordination; presbyterianism; priesthood

miracles;
see also
healing; Jesus Christ

misogyny;
see also
Anglo-Catholicism; Eve; clericalism

mission: Anglican; Anglo-Saxon; Arian; Byzantine; Celtic; Counter-Reformation, Ch.; Dyophysite Chs.; early Church Ch.; Jesuit in Europe; Miaphysite Chs.; Moravian; North American Protestant; Protestant, Ch.; relationship with British Empire; Roman Catholic, Ch.; Western Latin (medieval);
see also
conversion; Edinburgh Conference; revivals; Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; three-self principle

Missions Etrangeres de Paris

Mithras and Mithraism

Modalism;
see also
Monarchianism

Modernism, Catholic

Moghul Empire:
see
Mughal Empire

Mohammed:
see
Muhammad

Monarchians;
see also
adoptionism; modalism

monarchy: absolutism; and Christianity; divine; divine right (
jure divino
); Israelite;
see also
Christ the King; Enlightenment: enlightened despotism; Holy Roman Empire; papacy

moneylending:
see
usury

Mongols; and Christianity; and Islam;
see also
China: Yuan dynasty; Kipchak Khans; Kublai Khan; Tatars; Timur

Monica (331-87)

monks (regular clergy), monasteries and monasticism; Anglican; Anglo-Saxon; and Augustine; beginnings in the West; Buddhist; Carolingian; in China; Cluniacs first 'Order'; Coptic; dissolutions and denigration ; early medieval Ireland; Eastern; Ethiopian; forced enclaustration; in France; Greek Orthodox ; and Islam; itinerant holy men (gyrovagues); Jovinian opposes; literature and scholarship; Manichaean; medieval Western Church; in modern Europe; monastic cathedrals, Plate; monastic rules; origins; Orthodox; political action; regular clergy
defined
; Russian Orthodox; in Syria;
see also
Augustinian Eremites; Basil of Caesarea; Benedictines; Cistercians; Cluniacs; Community of the Resurrection; friars; Premonstratensians; Redemptorists; Stoudite Rule

Monoenergism:
see
Monothelete Controversy

Monophysite Christianity:
see
Miaphysite Christianity

Monothelete Controversy

Montanists

Monte Cassino

Moors:
see
Islam in Spain

Moravia;
see also
Great Moravia

Moravian Brethren Church (
Unitas Fratrum
) , Plate 62

moriscos

Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)

mosaics, Plate 27

Moscow; Kremlin; Metropolitans; Patriarchate; St Basil's Cathedral (Intercession Cathedral);
see also
Adrian; Aleksei; Cyprian; Filaret; Iona; Makarii; Muscovy; Nikon; Photios; Tikhon; Zosima

Moses ;
see also
Pentateuch; Sinai; Ten Commandments

mosques;
see also
minarets

mudejars
:
see
Islam in Spain

Mughal (Moghul) Empire

Muhammad (Mohammed) '
see also
Qur'an

Munster

Muscovy, Map 16 (532); and Byzantine Empire; and Oecumenical Patriarch; and Poland-Lithuania; and reunion of Churches; and Tatars