Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years (202 page)

Augustinian Canons (Canons Regular); Assumptionists; Eremites; Friars; nuns

Australia; aborigines

Austria;
see also
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy; Holy Roman Empire

Austrian Netherlands:
see
Spanish Netherlands

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and Austrian Empire Emperors; Francis:
see
Holy Roman Empire: Emperors: Francis; Francis Joseph (1830; )

authority:
see
Bible; tradition

Awakenings:
see
'Great Awakenings'

azyma
(unleavened bread)

Baarlam and Josaphat
(
Balavariani
;
Life of Baarlam and Joasaph
)

Babylon; astronomy in; Jews in; Tower of Babel King: Hammurabi (
c.
BCE)
see also
Rome

Babylonian Captivity of papacy (1305 - 77)

Bacchus:
see
Sergius

Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685 - 1750), Plate

Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount St Albans (1561 - 1626) and Baconianism

Baghdad

Balkans ; Christianity in;
see also
Bosnia-Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Moldavia; Romania; Serbia; Transylvania

Balthasar, Hans Urs von (1905 - 88)

baptism; adult or believers'; baptisteries; in early Church ; emergency baptism; infant; by laypeople; mass baptism, Plate; and Pentecostals; posthumous baptism; and rain-making; and slavery; with the Spirit;
see also
Anabaptists; circumcision

Baptists; in Africa; Baptist Missionary Society; in Germany; in North America, Plate; in Russia; Seventh Day Baptists; Southern Baptists

barbarians; and Arianism; and Roman Empire;
see also
Goths; Ostrogoths; Visigoths

Barlaam of Calabria (
c.
1290 - 1348)

Barth, Karl (1886 - 1968)

Basel; Council of (1431 - 49)

Basil of Caesarea ('the Great';)

basilican churches

Bauernkrieg
:
see
Farmers' War

Bayle, Pierre (1647 - 1706)

beards, Plate

Bede (
c.
)

Belgian Congo:
see
Congo/ Kinshasa

Belgium King: Leopold II (1835; 1865 - 1909)
see also
Low Countries; Spanish Netherlands

bells, Plate

Benedict of Nursia (
c..
)

Benedictine Rule and monasticism ; Congregation of St Maur ('Maurists')

Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament

Berlin, Plate; Congress of, Plate; Martin Luther Memorial Church, Plate; University

Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 - 1153)

Besant, Annie:
see
Wood

Bethlehem

Bible ; allegorical interpretation; authority ; Bible-reading; codex form; commentary and scholarship ; nature of; non-biblical theological terms; in Renaissance; ridicule of; and slavery;
sola scriptura
(scripture alone); vernacular;; vernacular Bible banned; verse division

Apocrypha;
defined

individual books: Acts ; Amos;and Chronicles; Colossians; andCorinthians; Daniel; Deuteronomy; Ecclesiastes (Qoheleth); Ephesians; Exodus; Ezekiel Bible -
cont
.; Galatians; Genesis ; Habbakuk; Hebrews; Hosea; Isaiah; James; Jeremiah; Job; John (Gospel) , Plates; John; Jonah; Joshua; Jude; Judges;andKings; Luke ;andMaccabees; Mark; Matthew ; Micah;and Peter; Philemon; Proverbs; Psalms and the Psalter ;
see also
metrical psalter; Qoheleth:
see
Ecclesiastes
above
; Revelation ; Romans ;and Samuel; Song of Songs;and Thessalonians;andTimothy; Titus

New Testament, Chs. ; edition by Erasmus; and Muhammad; one-sidedness

Old Testament (Tanakh), Ch.

versions: abbreviated; Algonquin; Arabic; Armenian; Authorized Version ('King James Bible'); Douai-Reims; Komi; Lollard; Luther's; modern Greek; Morgan's; Revised Standard Version; Russian; Scofield Reference; Slavonic; Syriac (
Peshitta
); Tyndale's; Vulgate

see also
allegory; apocryphal writings; biblical criticism; canon of scripture; codex;
Diatessaron
; Gospels; Pastoral Epistles; Patriarchs; Pentateuch; prophecy; Septuagint; Synoptic Gospels; Tanakh; Ten Commandments; tradition of the Church

Blackfriars:
see
Dominican Order

Blannbekin, Agnes (d. 1315)

blasphemy

blood libel against Jews

Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (
c.
/ )

Bogomils

Bohemia; Hussites/Utraquists in; Roman Catholicism in Kings:
see
Electors Palatine: Friedrich; Holy Roman Emperors: Charles; Ferdinand; Hungary: Kings: Louis
see also
England: Queens: Anne of Bohemia; Hussites; Moravia; Utraquism

Bohemian Brethren (
Unitas Fratrum
; later Moravian Brethren)

Bolsheviks

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich (1906 - 45)

Book of Common Prayer

'born-again' Christians

Borromeo, Carlo (1538; Archbishop of Milan )

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Brazil

Brest (Brzesc), Union of (1596)

Brethren movement

Brethren and Sisters of the Common Life

Bridgettine Order

Britannia (Roman Britain); Christianity in; King Lucius;
see also
Anglo-Saxon Church; Celtic Christianity

British Empire; Anglicanism in; Boer War (1899 - 1902); decline; relationship with missionaries;
see also
Africa; Australia; Caribbean; India; New Zealand; North America; Pacific region

British Isles;
see also
Atlantic Isles; Britannia; England; Great Britain; Ireland; Scotland; Wales

Broad Churchmanship in Anglicanism;
see also
'Central' Anglican Churchmanship

Bucer, Martin (1491 - 1551)

Buddhism

Bulgaria and the Bulgars ; Christianity in; modern Tsar: Boris(1894; 1918 - 33)

Bullinger, Heinrich (1504 - 75)

bulls, papal;
Apostolicae Curae
(1896);
Execrabilis
(1460);
Exsurge Domine
(1520);
Inter sollicitudines
(1349);
Super illius specula
(
c.
1327);
Unam Sanctam
(1302);
Unigenitus
(1343);
Unigenitus
(1713)

Bunyan, John (1628 - 88)

burning at the stake; ;
see also
persecution of Christians by Christians

Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) , Chs.; and Balkans; and Bulgars; fall (1453); Greek fire; and Greek language; and Holy Roman Empire; and Islam; in Italy; Komnenian dynasty; Latin Empire; Macedonian dynasty, Map(478), 505; and Mongols; and Muscovy; in North Africa; Palaeologan dynasty, Map(480); and papacy ; and Rus'

Emperors; Alexios Komnenos (1028; 1081 - 1118); Alexios Angelos (
c.
1182; 1203 - 4); Anastasius(
c.
/1; ); Baldwin of Flanders (1172; 1204 - 5); Basil (
c.
;); Basil('the Bulgar-slayer';; ); Constans(630; ); Constantine(652; ); Constantine(reigned ); Constantine (771;); Constantine ('
Porphyrogennetos
';;); Constantine Palaeologos (1404; 1449 - 53); Heraclius (
c.
; ); John Tzimisces (
c.
; ); John (1250; 1258 - 61;
c.
1305); John Palaeologos (1332; 1341 - 76; 1379 - 91); John Palaeologos (1392; 1425 - 48); Justin (450;); Justinian ('the Great';; );, Plate; and Hagia Sophia; lawcode;
see also
Theodora; Leo('the Isaurian';
.
; ); Leo(750; ); Leo ('the Armenian';; ); ManuelKomnenos (1118; 1143 - 80); ManuelPalaeologos (1350; 1391 - 1425); Michael Paleologos (1223; 1259 - 82); Romanus (Romanos) Diogenes (reigned 1068 - 71); Theophilos (813; ); Zeno (
c.
;)

Byzantine Empire -
cont
.

Empresses: Irene (
c.
;;.); Pulcheria (399; ); Theodora (
c.
; -after), Plate

see also
Constantinople

Calcutta (Kolkata)

calendars; Gregorian; Julian;
see also
kalendars

Caliphs and Caliphate;
defined
; of Cordoba

Calvin, John (Jean; 1509 - 64); and Augustine; ecclesiology; and Eucharist; and idolatry;
Institutes
; preaching; and Servetus; soteriology

Calvinism ;
see also
Geneva; Reformed Protestantism

camp meetings;
see also
'holy fairs'

Canaan; religion of;
see also
Israel; Palestine

Canada (New France)

Candomble
:
see
syncretism

canon
(hymn)

canon law:
see
law: ecclesiastical

canon of Scripture

canonization of saints

Canons Regular:
see
Augustinian Order

Canterbury; Archdiocese; Cathedral; Convocation; Court of Arches; St Augustine's Abbey

Archbishops; Abbot, George (1562; 1604 - 33); Anselm (
c.
1033 - 1109); Augustine (
c.
;); Becket, Thomas (1118; 1162 - 70); Cranmer, Thomas (1489; 1533 - 56); and
Book of Common Prayer
; Davidson, Randall (1848; 1903 - 28; 1930); Dunstan (
c.
;;.); Howley, William (1766; 1828 - 48); Laud, William (1573; 1633 - 45); Pole, Reginald (1500; 1555 - 58); in England; Ramsey, Arthur Michael (1904; 1961 - 74; 1988); Runcie, Robert Alexander Kennedy (1921; 1991 - 2000) Plate; Sancroft, William (1617; 1677 - 90; 1693); Tait, Archibald Campbell (1811; 1868 - 82); Temple, Frederick (1821; 1896 - 1902); Temple, William (1881; 1942 - 4) ; Theodore of Tarsus (602;); Williams, Rowan Douglas (b. 1950)

capitalism

Cappadocian Fathers;
see also
Basil the Great; semi-Arians

Capuchin Order; in Africa

Cardinals;
defined

Carmelite Order (Whitefriars); Discalced

carnival

Carolingian monarchy and Renaissance;
see also
Holy Roman Empire

Cartesianism:
see
Descartes

Carthage;
see also
Cyprian; Donatus

Carthusian Order (Charterhouses)

Castile, Map(589) King: Philip (Felipe) (1478; 1504-6) Queen: Isabel(1451; 1474-1504)
see also
Spain

catacombs:
see
Rome

catechisms and catechizing;
defined
; Tridentine; of Valdes;
see also
Heidelberg

catechists: in Africa; in America; in China

Cathars (
Katharoi
) and Albigensian Crusade

cathedrals ;
defined
; cathedral canons,
defined
; of Dormition; in England; in Francia; in India; in Russia

Catholic Apostolic Church ('Irvingites')

Catholic Reformation, Ch.; in Central Europe; character; confraternities; as 'Counter-Reformation' 654, 667-88; in France; and Ottoman Empire; and Purgatory; and relics; and science; and sex; and witchcraft; worldwide mission Ch.;
see also
Society of Jesus; Rome; Spain; Thirty Years War; Trent

Catholicism ; and 'barbarian' rulers;
defined
; gains monopoly in Roman Empire; in North Africa; 'Vincentian Canon';
see also
Anglicanism; Anglo-Catholicism; heresy; Lutheranism; Mass; Oxford Movement; Reformed Protestantism; Rome; Roman Catholicism; Western Latin Church

Caulibus, John de ('Pseudo-Bonaventure';
c.
1300)

celibacy; clerical ;
see also
homosexuality; marriage; monks; nuns

Celsus (
c.
)

Celtic Christianity

censorship; Christian;
see also
canon of Scripture

'Central' Anglican Churchmanship;
see also
Broad Churchmanship

Ceylon:
see
Sri Lanka

Chalcedon, Council of (451) ; Chalcedonian ('Melchite') Christianity ;
defined
;
see also
Dyophysites;
Henotikon
; Miaphysites; Monothelete Controversy; Non-Chalcedonian Christianity

Chang'an:
see
'an

chantries;
defined
; dissolved

chapel, etymology; 'Chapel' culture

charismata
;
see also
Holy Spirit

charismatic Christianity

Chi-Rho symbol

children;
see also
paedophilia; schools; youth

China; Boxer Rebellion (1900); Dyophysites in; Ming dynasty; modern history; Opium Wars; Portuguese and; Protestants and; Qing dynasty; Republic; Roman Catholicism in; Taiping Rebellion; Tang dynasty; Yuan dynasty

Chinese Rites controversy

Chmielnicki:
see
Kmel'nyts'kyi

choice:
see
consumerism; free will

Christ ('Anointed One')
defined
; Christ the King, feast;
see also
docetism; Incarnation; Jesus Christ; Mary; Messiah

Christendom

Christian Right:
see
Evangelicalism: 'Conservative'

Christianity: accommodation with Roman Empire; and army service; claim to antiquity; conformity with society; confrontation with Roman Empire; and decolonization; early Chs.; and Enlightenment Ch.; 'Fathers' of; first named; future; humility in; 'imperial'; and Islam; and Judaism,

Christianity -
cont
.; and Mithraism; modern cultural conflict Ch.; in modern Middle East; and Mongols; nature; origins Chs.;-century Ch., Map(123); secretiveness; skewed history; separateness; variety;
see also
Catholicism; Christendom; Jewish Christians; kenotic Christianity; non-Chalcedonian Churches; Orthodoxy; persecution; Protestantism; Reformation

Christmas;; crib;
see also
Bethlehem

christology
defined
;
see also
Arianism; Chalcedon; Dyophysites; Jesus Christ; Miaphysites; Monophysite Controversy; Socinianism; unitarianism