Authors: Richard Miles

Carthage Must Be Destroyed (86 page)

BOOK: Carthage Must Be Destroyed

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in Sicily

trade routes and networks

Carthaginian

Etruscans

Levant to Spain

Sardinia

Tyrian

Tyrrhenian (north–south)

Trasimene, Lake, Battle of (217)

Trebia, River, Battle of (218)

Tribunal of One Hundred and Four

and appointment of generals

Hannibal’s reforms

Troy

and Greece

and Roman foundation myths

Tunes (Tunis)

mercenaries at

Scipio at

taken by Regulus

Turdentani tribe, southern Spain

Tyre

acquisition of hinterland

Assyrian pressure on

colonization of western Mediterranean

colony at Gades

peace with Babylon (573 BC)

relations with Egypt

relations with Israel

revolt against Assyria

role in Carthaginian identity

siege of (332)

and Spanish silver mines

temples

trading network

Tyros, nymph

Ugarit, northern Syrian state

Umbria, under Roman control

Uni, Etruscan goddess

United States of America

as new Rome

Utica

besieged by mercenaries

Scipio’s landing at

Utica, battle of (203)

Valerius Maximus, Roman writer

Varro, Gaius Terentius, Roman commander at Cannae

and Capua

Varro, Roman writer

Vegetius, Roman military writer

Veii, Etruscan city

showers of stones

Velleius, writer

Venus Erycina, Roman goddess

Venus, goddess, patron deity of Rome

Vergil (Vergilius Marro) (Virgil),
Aeneid

Via Flaminia

Villaricos, Andalusia

Volcae tribe, Rhône valley

votive monuments

Vulso, Lucius Manlius, consul

Vulturnus, River, valley of

walls

city

Lilybaeum

sea

warfare

brutality in Mercenaries’ Revolt

Carthaginian attrition strategy

Hamilcar’s raids

Hannibal’s tactics

murder of prisoners

phalanx

Roman pace of

see also
naval warfare

water supplies

Carthage

Tyre

weapons

and body armour

falaricia
(javelin)

falcata
(curved sword)

javelins

leather caps

manufacture

shields

slings and shot

spears

swords

weights and measures, Phoenician

wine, laws on

wine production

Sicily

trade

women, rights of

writing

Greek loan words from Phoenician

Phoenician, western Mediterranean

Xanthippus, Spartan commander

Yada’milk, tomb in Carthage

Yahweh, Israelite god

Zama, battle of (202)

Zeus Meilichios, sacred enclosure of

Zonaras, historian, on Mylae

Zybac, tomb in Kerkouane

1.
Aeneas’ Farewell from Dido in Carthage
, 1675–6, oil painting by Claude Lorrain.

2. Panoramic view of Carthage, reconstruction painting from the Musée National, Carthage.

3. and 4. Gold finger rings with settings adorned with a woman’s head and a man’s head, third century BC, from the necropolis of sainte-Monique, Carthage.

5. Amulets depicting faces, fourth or third century BC.

6. Relief depicting the unloading of wood after transportation by sea, eighth century BC, Assyrian, from the Palace of Sargon II, Khorsabad.

7. Votive Punic Stele depicting Priest holding a child, fourth century BC, dark limestone, from the tophet of Carthage.

8. Punic stelae from the tophet of Carthage.

9. Votive Stele depicting Tanit, goddess of Carthage, holding a caduceus with a dolphin and an inscription, second or first century BC, Phoenician, from Tophet El-Horfa, Algeria.