Carthage Must Be Destroyed (83 page)

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Authors: Richard Miles

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and use of Heracles/Melqart on coins
Hamilcar, Carthaginian commander (320s BC), and Agathocles
Hamilcar, Carthaginian commander in Sicily (256 BC)
Hamilcar (Magonid leader in Carthage)
and battle of Himera (480 BC)
death
posthumous reputation
Hamilcar ‘Rodanus’ (332 BC),
audience with Alexander the Great
Hamilcar the Samnite
Hamilcar, son of Gisco, commander in Sicily
Hamilcar, son of Mago
(6th century)
Hannibal, meaning of name
Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar (247–182 BC)
AS MILITARY COMMANDER; propaganda to ensure support; relations with Carthage/ Council of Elders
army of
see below
and Saguntum
SECOND PUNIC WAR; advance to Rome
; Cannae;
at Capua; choice of overland route to Rome;
crossing of Alps,
; dream of divine sanction
;
and end of war;
and Fabius
cunctator
;
intentions after Cannae; journey over the Alps; march to gates of Rome; miscalculation of Rome; policy towards Italians
recalled to Carthage; and sanctuary of Juno
; and Scipio in North Africa; and symbolism of HeraclesMelqart;
Trasimene; treaty with Philip of Macedonia; winter on Adriatic (217)
LAST YEARS: and Antiochus; exile and death; later political career; reburied by Emperor Septimius Severus; Roman view of as hero
Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar, army of
Balearic slingers
cavalry
desertions from
infantry
loyalty
need for reinforcements after Cannae
and return to North Africa
Hannibal, co-general with Hamilcar Barca (238 BC)
Hannibal, grandson of Hamilcar (Magonid)
campaign in Sicily (409 BC)
death
and siege of Selinus
Hannibal Monomachus
Hannibal, naval commander (260 BC)
Hannibal Tapapius Rufus, of Leptis Magna
Hannibal ‘the Rhodian’, and blockade of Lilybaeum
Hanno, Carthaginian admiral, (240s BC)
Hanno, Carthaginian commander at Cape Ecnomus (256 BC)
Hanno, Carthaginian commander of garrison at Messana (264 BC)
Hanno, Carthaginian general (310 BC)
Hanno, nephew of Hannibal
at Cannae
and crossing of Rhône
Hanno, opponent of Hamilcar Barca and Hannibal
commander against rebel mercenaries
diatribes against Hannibal
and end of Second Punic War
envoy to mercenaries in Sicily (241 BC)
faction in Council of Elders
and Third Punic War
Hanno,
Periplus
(voyage of)
Hanno, son of Hannibal, Carthaginian commander
Hanno ‘the Great’ (I) attempted coup (365 BC)
Hanno ‘the Great’ (II), and Numidia (240s BC)
Hanno, character in play (stereotype)
harbours, Carthage
commercial
military
Roman mole to blockade
Harris, William
Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal
crossing to Italy
death
defeat at Hibera
defence of Spain
in Italy
Hasdrubal, Carthaginian commander (First Punic War)
Hasdrubal, Carthaginian general
at Cannae
military tyranny
and siege of Carthage (149–146)
wife’s death at end of siege
Hasdrubal, Carthaginian general on Numidian campaign
Hasdrubal Gisco
embassy to Rome
in Spain
and Scipio Africanus
Hasdrubal Haedus, Carthaginian senator
Hasdrubal, philosopher
see
Clitomachus
Hasdrubal, son of Mago (6th century)
Hasdrubal, son-in-law of Hamilcar Barca
assassination
relations with Carthage
Roman embassy to
as successor to Hamilcar
Heaney, Seamus
Hecataeus of Miletus, geographer
Hecate, Greek goddess
Hecatompylon, Numidian town
Heircte, heights of, Sicily
Hellenicus of Lesbos, Greek writer
Hera, Greek goddess (Juno)
Heraclea, battles of (279 BC)
Heraclea, Sicily
Heraclean Way
Augustus’s new road
Heracleium, spring
Heracles (Hercules), Greek hero
association with Melqart
and early Rome
euhemeristic account of journey to Italy
lionskin headdress
on rebel mercenaries’ coins
significance of
sojourn in Rome
wanderings of
see also
Hercules
Heracles/Melqart
association with Hannibal
on Barcid coins
Hercle, Etruscan version of Heracles
Hercules
Italian version of Heracles
popularity in central Italy
Hercules Invictus (‘the Invincible’), Roman cult of
Herdonea, battle of (210)
Hermippus, Athenian poet
Hermocrates, Syracusan general
Herodotus
on barter in Africa
battle of Himera
on battle of Salamis
story of Dorieus
visit to temple of Melqart in Tyre
heroes, Greek
Hesiod, Greek poet
Hesperides, garden of the
Hiarbus, Libyan king
Hibera, Battle of (216)
Hiero, ruler of Syracuse
coinage
death
loans to Rome
Hieronymus, ruler of Syracuse
Himera
battle of (483 BC)
impact in Sicily
repercussions
Himera, Sicily Carthaginian assault on
Himilcar, and siege of Acragas,
Himilco, Carthaginian commander in Lilybaeum (250 BC)
Himilco, Carthaginian general, exploration into Atlantic
Himilco, Carthaginian general (2), campaign against Dionysius of Syracuse
Himilco, pro-Barcid councillor
Hippacritae, besieged by mercenaries
Hippocrates, Syracusan officer in Hannibal’s army
Hipponium, Calabria
Hiram, king of Tyre
historians and historiography
classical
Greek
Greek source of foundation myth
Hannibal and
Roman
Roman epic poets
Sicilian Greek
sources for history of Carthage
Hittite Empire
Homer
Iliad
Odyssey
Horace, and Regulus legend
horse, as symbol of Carthage
Horus, eye of
Hostilius Mancinus, Lucius, Roman general
houses
Carthage
Kerkouane
Selinus
Hoyos, Dexter
Huelva, Spain
Phoenician emporium
smelting furnaces
Hyperboreans, mythical people
Hyperboreos, leader of Hyperboreans
Iberian peninsula
western coast
see also
Spain
Iberians
in Hannibal’s army
as mercenaries
Ibiza
see also
Ebusus
Icard, François, discovery of tophet
Ida, Mount (near Troy)
Ilergetes tribe, Spain
Ilipa, battle of (206)
Illyria (Slovenia and Croatia)
industries
luxury goods manufacture
see also
metalworking; purple dye
inscriptions
bilingual Punic and Latin
Entella bronze tablets
graves
Hannibal Tapapius Rufus in
Leptis Magna
Heracles/Melqart
Punic, in Latium
references to
molk
references to Tyre in Carthage
votive offerings
Insubres, Gallic tribe in northern Italy
Ioloas, nephew of Heracles
Ipsus, battle of (301 BC)
Iraq, and metaphor of Carthage
Ireland
Ireland
Himilco’s voyage to
iron goods
tools
weapons
iron ores
Ischia
Sardinia
irrigation
Ischia, Greek settlement at Pithecusa
Israel (Judah), relations with Tyre
Israelites, practice of
molk
Italy
central
northern
southern
see
Magna Graecia
see also
Campania; Capua; Etruria; Latium; Rome
Ithobaal I, king of Tyre
ivory
carving
plaques
Jefferson, Thomas
Jerusalem, Tyrian-built buildings
jewellery, Phoenician
jewellery-making
Carthage
Sardinia
Jezebel, wife of King Ahab of Israel
Juba II, king of Numidia
Julius Caesar, and dream of rebuilding Carthage
Juno Averna, goddess
Juno, Roman goddess
associated with Tanit and Astarte
and Etruscan Iuni
hostility to Rome
as patron deity of Carthage
temple at Cape Lacinium
Junonia, proposed new colony at Carthage
Justin, Roman historian
on Hamilcar Rodanus
Kaizu
Kerkouane, Cap Bon, Libya, Carthaginian settlement
Khorsabad (Dur-Sharrukin), bas relief
Kition, Cyprus
cult of Melqart
Heracles statuettes
Phoenician kings
Phoenician settlement
revolt against Tyre
kolokasion plant, symbolism of
Kommos, Crete
La Turbie (end of Via Julia Augusta)
Lancel, Serge
land reform, Rome
language
Etruscan
Phoenicia
Punic
on Pyrgi Tablet
see also
writing
Latinus, founder of Latin people
Latium
under Roman control
Lavinium, Latium
leather goods, Sicily
Lebanon, modern
Lefkandi, Euboea
Leptis Magna
inscription of Hannibal Tapapius Rufus
libraries, Carthage
Libya
relations between Carthage and Libyans
see also
Hadrumetum
Libyans
alliance with mercenaries
in Hannibal’s army
Licinus Crassus, Publius, consul
Ligurians
Heracles and
as mercenaries
Lilybaeum, Sicily (Marsala)
First Punic War
foundation
resistance to Pyrrhus
Roman blockade of
Lipara, Aeolian Islands
Livy
on Cannae
and Carthage as moral antithesis to Rome
on Carthaginian Council of Elders
effect on Romans of Hannibal’s campaign
on Hamilcar Barca
on Hannibal
on Hannibal at Capua
Hannibal’s crossing of Alps
on Hannibal’s intentions towards Rome
on Hannibal’s later years
on Hannibal’s recall to Carthage
Hanno’s attacks on Barcids
on human sacrifice
on Numidia
on Regulus
on Scipio
on Scipio Nascia
Lixus, Morocco
Locri, Calabria
Longus, Tiberius Sempronius, Roman commander
and battle of Trebia
to invade Africa
recall from Sicily
Lucius Mummius, Roman general
Lucius Opimius, consul
Luli, king of Tyre
Lusitanians, in Hannibal’s army
Lutatius, Roman consul
luxury goods
Assyrian demand for
as grave goods
long-distance trade
manufacture
Phoenician reputation for
unguent-bottling
see also
purple dye
Macedonia
relations with Rome
wars with Rome
macellum
(market)
Macrobius, Roman writer
Magius, Decius, of Capua
Magna Graecia (southern Italy)
Carthaginian mercenaries from
Roman expansion into
support for Hannibal
see also
Tarentum
Magnesia, battle of (189)
Mago, agricultural treatise
Mago, brother of Hannibal
at Battle of Trebia
at Cannae
to Italy
and reinforcements for Hannibal
in Spain (against Scipio)
Mago, Carthaginian commander (280 BC)
Mago, Carthaginian general
(6th century BC)
Mago, Carthaginian official
Mago the Samnite
Magonid family
dominance in Carthage (6th–4th centuries BC)
fall of
and Hamilcar’s expedition to Sicily
and return to Sicily (410 BC)
see also
Hamilcar
Mahallatu
Maizu
Majorca, fortified enclosures
Malaga, Phoenician settlement
Malchus, Carthaginian general
Malta
Mamertine mercenaries, in Sicily

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