Between Giants (67 page)

48
. Dieckmann, C. (1998)
Das Ghetto und das Konzentrationslager in Kaunas 1941–1944
, Göttingen: Wallstein, p.448

49
. Ganor, S. (1997)
Das Andere Leben
, Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, p.114

50
. Inčiūrienė, pp.203–17

51
. Neumann, A., p152

52
. Rolnikaite, p.172

53
. Good, P., pp.63–65

54
. Good, P., pp.70–71

55
. Good, P., p.75

56
. Good, P., pp.77–89

57
. See Good, M. (2005)
The Search For Major Plagge: The Nazi Who Saved Jews
. New York: Fordham University Press

58
. For an account of the Kaunas ghetto, see Mishell, W. (1988)
Kaddish for Kovno: Life and Death in a Lithuanian Ghetto, 1941–1945
, Chicago: Chicago Review Press

59
. Stahlecker Report

60
. Incident Report 40, 1/8/1941, Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv R-58/215, 129; see also Felder, B. (2009)
Lettland im Zweiten Weltkrieg
, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, p.212

61
. Ezergailis, A. (1996)
The Holocaust in Latvia 1941–1944
, Riga: Historical Institute of Latvia, p.290

62
. Stahlecker Report

63
. Angrick, A., Klein, P. (2009)
The Final Solution in Riga: Exploitation and Annihilation 1941–1944
, New York: Berghahn, pp.133–50

64
. Michelson, M. (2004)
City of Life, City of Death. Memories of Riga
, Colorado: University Press, p.112

65
. Breitman, R. (1991)
Architect of Genocide. Himmler and the Final Solution
, London: Bodley Head, p.220

66
. Report 51, 13/8/41, Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv R-58/216, 4

67
. Quoted in Felder (2009), p.211

68
. Truska, L. (2003)
Litausiche Historiographie über den Holocaust in Litauen
in Bartusevičius et al., p.263

Chapter 5

1
.   Myllyniemi, S. (1973)
Die Neuordnung der Baltischen Länder 1941–44
, Helsinki: Suomen Historiallinen Seura, p.63

2
.   Report 13, 5/7/41, Bundesarchiv B, R 58/214, 75

3
.   Letter from KdS Lettland, Abt IIIB to the
Generalkommissar
, 11/3/42, Bundesarchiv B, R 92/6, 121

4
.   Note from
Generalkommissariat
in Riga, 27/8/41, Bundesarchiv B, R 92/6, 158

5
.   Felder, B. (2009)
Lettland im Zweiten Weltkrieg
, Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, p.244

6
.   Felder (2009), pp.246–47

7
.   Kuusik, A.,
Estonian Omakaitse in 1941–1944
in Hiio, T. (2006)
Estonia, 1940–1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
, Estonian Foundation for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity, Tallinn: Kistler-Ritso, pp.797–806

8
.   Landwehr, R. (1999)
Estonian Vikings
, Halifax: Shelf Books, p.5

9
.   
Conclusions of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
, 2 available at
http://www.historycommission.ee/temp/conclusions.htm

10
. Letter from
Gruppenführer
Berger to Himmler, 2/10/41, National Archives Washington DC, RG-242, T175, Roll 22, frame 2527942

11
. Jokipii, M. (1969)
Panttipataljoona
, Helsinki: Weilin+Göös, pp.115–116

12
. Landwehr, pp.31–33

13
. Landwehr, pp.39–42

14
. Nash, D. (2002)
Hell’s Gate
, Southbury: RZM, p.110

15
. Press, B. (2000)
The Murder of the Jews in Latvia
, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, p.46

16
. Felder (2009), pp.270–71

17
. Internal communications of
Schutzmann-Bataillon 22
, Hoover Latvian Legion Collection, Box 1, Folder 9

18
. See Kurzem, M. (2007)
The Mascot
, London: Ebury

19
. Silgailis, A. (1986)
Latvian Legion
, San Jose: Bender, p.17

20
. Silgailis, pp.19–20

21
. Silgailis, pp.24–26

22
. Silgailis, pp.30–39

23
. Knezys, S. (2000)
Genocidas ir Rezistencija
, Vilnius: Lietuvos Gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras 1(7), p.133

24
. Bubnys, A. (2009)
Lithuanian Police Battalions and the Holocaust
, p11, available at
http://www.komisija.lt/Files/www.komisija.lt/File/Tyrimu_baze/Naciu%20okupacija/Instituciju,%20asmenu%20vaidmuo/Bubnys.%20Batalionai/ENG/Research%20by%20A.Bubnys%20(english).pdf

25
. Knezys, pp.133–34

26
. Browning, C. (2004)
The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939–March 1942
, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, p.289

27
. Gerlach, C. (2000)
Kalkulierte Morde
, Hamburg: HIS, pp.612–13

28
.
Masinės Žudinės Lietuvoj
, pp.314–17, quoted in Bubnys, p.16

29
. Evidence presented at the trial of A. Impelivičius, LYA, f. K-1, ap. 58, file 47386/3, Vol. 9, pp.378–79

30
. Bubnys, p.32

31
. Misiunas, R., Taagepera, R. (1993)
The Baltic States – Years of Dependence 1940–1990
, London: Hurst, p.65

32
.
Nepriklausoma Lietuva
(1943) pp.11–12

33
. Lester, D., Stockton, R. (2005)
Suicide and the Holocaust
, Nova, p.7

34
. Budreckis, A.
Lithuanian Resistance, 1940–52
in Gerutis, A. (1984)
Lithuania: 700 Years,
New York: Manyland Books pp.347–48

35
. Situation report of
Abwehrstelle Ostland
1/7/42-30/9/42, Latvias Valsts Vēstures Arhīvs, Riga, P-70/5/37, p.75

36
. Report on
Winterzauber
for Wehrmacht High Command Ostland, 20/3/43, Latvias Valsts Vēstures Arhīvs, Riga, P-70/5/36, pp.66–69

37
. Felder (2009), p.331

38
. Myllyniemi (1979), p.141

39
. Swain, G. (2004)
Between Stalin and Hitler
, London: Routledge, p.140

40
. Felder (2009), p.325

41
. Štrauss, A. (1985) Autobiographical account, Latvijas Zinātŋu Akadēmijas Centrālais Arhīvs Riga, P-40/5/22

42
. Balashov, A. (2006)
Ystoriya Velykoye Otechiestvennoye Voinyi 1941–1945
, St Petersburg: Peter, p.464

43
. Report of
SS-Jagdverband Ost
, Latvijas Zinātŋu Akadēmijas Centrālais Arhīvs Riga, PO 40/5/2, p.61

44
. Hoover Latvian Legion Collection, Box 11, Folder 2

Chapter 6

1
.   See for example Glantz, D. (2002)
The Battle for Leningrad
, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press; Jones, M. (2008)
Leningrad: State of Siege
, London: John Murray

2
.   Glantz (2002), p.327

3
.   Glantz (2002), p.329

4
.   Ziemke, E. (2003)
Stalingrad to Berlin: the German Defeat in the East
, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, pp.248–51

5
.   Platonov, S. (1964)
Bitva za Leningrad
, Moscow: Voenizdat, p.304

6
.   Jones, p.284

7
.   Kardel, H. (1953)
Die Geschichte der 170 iInfanterie-Division
, Bad Neuheim: Podzun, p.88

8
.   Silgailis, A. (1986)
Latvian Legion
, San Jose: Bender, pp.39–40

9
.   Lohse, G. (1957)
Die Geschichte der Rheinischwestfälischen 126 iInfanterie-Division 1940–1945
, Bad Neuheim: Podzun, p.223

10
. Seaton, A. (1971)
The Russo-German War 1941–1945
, New York: Praeger, p.411

11
. Jones, p.283

12
. Ziemke, p.256

13
. Ziemke, p.256

14
. Carius, O. (2003)
Tigers in the Mud
, Mechanicsburg: Stackpole, pp.46–47

15
. Carius, pp.117–19

16
. Platonov, p.359, quoted in Glantz (2002), p.353

17
. Tieke, W. (2001):
Tragedy of the Faithful – a History of the III. (Germanisches) SS-Panzer-Korps
, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, p.41

18
. Platonov, p.373

19
. Glantz (2002), p.364

20
. Guderian, H. (1974)
Panzer Leader
, London: Penguin, p.336

21
. D’Este, C.,
Model
, in Barnett, C. (ed.) (1989)
Hitler’s Generals
, New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, p.323

22
. Mellenthin, F. von (1977)
German Generals of World War II
, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p.149

23
. Misiunas, R., Taagepera, R., (1993)
The Baltic States – Years of Dependence 1940–1990
, London: Hurst p.70

24
. Tieke, p.55

25
. Krivoleev, E. (1984)
I Sraženie Dlinoj v Polgoda
, Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, p.87

26
. Casualty figures: Tieke, p.64

27
. Platonov, p.385

28
. Zolotarev, V. (1999)
STAVKA VGK 1944–1945
, Moscow: Terra, p.44

29
. Ziemke, p.262

30
. Zolotarev (1999), pp.267–68

31
. Carius, p.84

32
. Carius, pp.89–90

33
. Carius, pp.91

34
. Carius, pp.94–95

35
. Burnett, T. (2005)
Conspiracy Encyclopedia
, London: Collins & Brown, p.48

36
. Carius, pp.103–10, 114

37
. Haupt, W. (1997)
Army Group North
, Atglen: Schiffer, pp.212–13

38
. Orlov, K. (1966)
Borba za Sovetsjuiu Pribaltiku v Velikoi Otechestvennoi Vione, 1941–1945
, Moscow: Liesma, Vol. I, p.120

39
. For an account of the Latvian defence of the Velikaya, see Silgailis, pp.72–83

Chapter 7

1
.   Niepold, G. (1985)
Mittlere Ostfront Juni 1944,
Hamburg: Mittler, p.22

2
.   Newton, S. (1995)
Retreat from Leningrad: Army Group North, 1944/1945
, Philadelphia: Schiffer

3
.   Grigorenko, P. (1984)
Memoirs
, New York: Norton & Company, p.90

4
.   Erickson, J. (1999)
The Road to Stalingrad
, New Haven: Yale University Press, p.359

5
.   Manteuffel, H. von (1965)
Die 7. Panzer-Division im Zweiten Weltkrieg
, Krefeld: Schaberg, p.416

6
.   Report from 7th Panzer Division in Manteuffel, p.418

7
.   Plato, A. von (1978)
Die Geschichte der 5. Panzer Division
, Regensburg: Walhalla & Praetoria, p.353

8
.   Piotrowski, T. (1997)
Poland’s Holocaust
, Jefferson: McFarland & Co, p.88

9
.   Piotrowski, pp.88–89

10
. Report by Beria, L., to Stalin, Molotov and Antonov, 18 July 1944, available from
http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/armia-krajowa-in-NKVD-NKGB-documents-pt-2.html

11
. For a Polish account of Operation
Ostra Brama
and its aftermath, see Erdman, J. (1990)
Droga do Ostrej Bramy
, Warsaw: PWN

12
. Silgailis, A. (1986)
Latvian Legion
, San Jose: Bender, pp.98–100

13
. Carius, O. (2003)
Tigers in the Mud
, Mechanicsburg: Stackpole, pp.46–47, p.164

14
. Carius, pp.166–71

15
.
Tsentralnyi Archiv Ministertsva Oborony
f.3404, op.1, d.102, ll.55–56

16
. After-action report of
Schwere Panzer Abteilung 502 4–27 July 1944
, quoted in Carius, pp.295–96

17
. Carius, pp.183–84

18
. After-action report of
Schwere Panzer Abteilung 502 4–27 July 1944
, quoted in Carius, pp.300–02

19
. Silgailis, pp.108–15

20
. Grier, H. (2007)
Hitler, Dönitz, and the Baltic Sea
, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, p.121

21
. Tieke, W. (2001):
Tragedy of the Faithful – a History of the III. (Germanisches) SS-Panzer-Korps
, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, pp.88–94

22
. Kattago, S. (2008) ‘Commemorating Liberation and Occupation: War Memorials Along the Road to Narva’ in
Journal of Baltic Studies
39 (4), pp. 431–49

23
. For casualty figures, see Laar, M. (2006)
Sinimäed 1944: II Maailmasõja Lahingud Kirde-Eestis
, Tallinn: Varrak, and Krivosheev, G. (1997)
Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century
, London: Greenhill Books

24
. Luck, H. von (2002)
Panzer Commander
, London: Cassell, p.249

25
. Tieke, p.124

26
. See Laar (2006). For an account of the battle, see Tieke, pp.111–35

Chapter 8

1
.   Niepold, G. (1987)
Panzeroperationen ‘Doppelkopf’ und ‘Cäsar’
, Herford: Mittler, p.15

2
.   Bergstrom, C. (2007)
Bagration to Berlin: The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945
, Weybridge: Ian Allan, p.82

3
.   Krivosheev, G. (1997)
Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century
, London: Greenhill Books, p.371

4
.   Neumann, J. (1989)
Die 4. Panzer Division 1943–1945
, Bonn: self-published, pp.437–45

5
.   Niepold (1987), pp.19-20

6
.   Spaeter, H. (1995)
History of the Panzerkorps Grossdeutschland
, Winnipeg: Fedorowicz, pp.389–90

7
.   Niepold (1987), p.21

8
.   
Vsemyrnaya Ystoriya Vtoroye Myrovoye Voynyi
(1999), Minsk, p.592