Berlin at War (85 page)

408

berlin at war

Wehrmacht missing notice in the possession of the author. •
26.
Frank Biess,
Homecomings
(Princeton, 2006), p. 19. •
27.
Agnes Miegel ‘From Mothers to Sons in the War’, quoted in Jay W. Baird,
To Die for Germany
(Bloomington, 1990), p. 232. •
28.
See Karin Hausen, ‘The “Day of National Mourning” in

Germany’, in Gerald Sider and Gavin Smith (eds),
Between History and

Histories: The Making of Silences and Commemoration
(Toronto, 1997). •
29.

Quoted in J. P. Stern,
Hitler: The Führer and the People
, revised edition (London 1990), p. 19. •
30.
For the text, see, for instance, Craig Nickisch, ‘“Die Fahne hoch!” Das Horst Wessel Lied als Nationalhymne’, in
Selecta
, vol. 20, 1999.

•
31.
Baldur von Schirach quoted in Guido Knopp,
Hitler’s Children
(Stroud, 2002), p. 49. •
32.
Sabine Behrenbeck,
Der Kult um die toten Helden
(Cologne, 1996), p. 501. •
33.
Goebbels quoted in Baird, op. cit., pp. 211–12. •
34.
Biess, op. cit., p. 24. •
35.
Karl Cerff, Propaganda Ministry, quoted in Behrenbeck, op. cit., p. 500. •
36.
Biess, op. cit., p. 22. •
37.
‘In Weissensee’, in Kurt Tucholsky,
Gesammelte Werke
, vol. 4 (Hamburg, 1975), p. 123. English translation by the author. •
38.
Rachel Becker, testimony, Yad Vashem Archive, 03/1806. •
39.

Ibid. •
40.
Peter Melcher,
Weissensee
(Berlin, 1986), pp. 98–9. •
41.
Martin Riesenburger,
Das Licht verlöschte nicht
(Berlin, 1960), p. 19. •
42.
Ibid., p. 26.

•
43.
Ibid., p. 40. •
44.
Becker, op. cit. •
45.
Liselotte Clemens, quoted in

‘Rabbi tended Jewish flame through Holocaust’, in
New Standard
, 20 April 1997. •
46.
Johanna von Koppenfels,
Jewish Cemeteries in Berlin
(Berlin, 2005), p. 45. •
47.
See the memorial at the site, Grosse Hamburger Strasse, Berlin.

•
48.
Riesenburger, op. cit., p. 50. •
49.
Steve Lipman, ‘The Last Rabbi of Berlin’, in
The Jewish Week
, 20 April 2001. •
50.
Samuel Mitcham,
The Panzer
Legions
(London, 2007), p. 134.

13
Enemies of the State

•
1.
Hans-Rainer Sandvoss,
Stätten des Widerstandes in Berlin 1933–1945
(Berlin, 1986), p. 35. •
2.
English text quoted in Hilmar Hoffmann,
The Triumph of
Propaganda: Film and National Socialism 1933–1945
(Oxford, 1996), p. 171. •
3.
Jeremy Noakes (ed.),
Nazism 1919–1945
, vol. 4, p. 591. •
4.
Text reproduced in Wolfgang Benz and Walter Pehle (eds),
Encyclopedia of German Resistance to the Nazi

Movement
(New York, 1997), p. 180. •
5.
It is widely suspected that there was an informer within the Baum Group named Joachim Franke. •
6.
Elke Fröhlich (ed.),
Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels
, part 2, vol. 4 (Munich, 1995), p. 350.

•
7.
Margot Pikarski,
Jugend im Berliner Widerstand
(East Berlin, 1978), p. 108.

•
8.
See Herbert Lindenberger, ‘Heroic or Foolish? The 1942 Bombing of a Nazi Anti-Soviet Exhibit’, in
TELOS
135, Summer 2006, p. 134. •
9.
Fröhlich (ed.), op. cit., p. 386. •
10.
Saul Friedländer,
The Years of Exter mination:
Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939–1945
, p. 349. •
11.
Lucien Steinberg,
Not as a
notes

409

Lamb: The Jews against Hitler
(Farnborough, 1974), p. 35. •
12.
Avraham Atzili,

‘Baum Gruppe: Jewish Women’, in
Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical

Encyclopedia
, at http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/baum-gruppe-jewish-

women. Another account (Steinberg, op. cit.) states that she broke both her

legs in the fall. •
13.
Lindenberger, op. cit., p. 129. •
14.
Hans-Rainer Sandvoss,
Die ‘andere’ Reichshauptstadt
, p. 22. •
15.
George Kennan,
Memoirs 1925–1950

(London, 1968), p. 108. •
16.
Total number cited in Hans-Joachim Fieber (ed.),
Widerstand in Berlin gegen das NS-Regime 1933–1945, Ein biographisches Lexikon
, 12 vols (Berlin 2002–2005). •
17.
Peter Hoffmann,
The History of the German
Resistance 1933–1945
(London, 1970), p. 30. •
18.
Quoted in Luise Kraushaar,
Berliner Kommunisten im Kampf gegen den Faschismus 1936–1942
(East Berlin, 1981), p. 208. •
19.
Ibid., p. 324. •
20.
Quoted in Shareen Brysac,
Resisting
Hitler: Mildred Fish-Harnack and the Red Orchestra
(Oxford, 2000), p. 379.

•
21.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_they_came . . . •
22.
Quoted in Martin Gilbert,
Second World War
(London, 1989), p. 228. •
23.
Hans-Rainer Sandvoss,
Widerstand in Mitte und Tiergarten
(Berlin, 1994), p. 272. •
24.
Benz and Pehle (eds), op. cit., pp. 239–41. •
25.
Helmuth James von Moltke,
Letters
to Freya 1939–1945
(New York, 1995), p. 404. •
26.
Ruth Andreas-Friedrich,
Berlin Underground, 1938–1945
, p. 141. •
27.
Sandvoss,
Die ‘andere’

Reichshauptstadt
. •
28.
Kennan, op. cit., p. 108. •
29.
Reha Solokow and Al Solokow,
Ruth und Maria
(Berlin, 2006), p. 82. •
30.
The story of Otto and Elise Hampel was the inspiration behind Hans Fallada’s novel
Alone in Berlin

(London, 2009) and the UK edition of the book contains an appendix which

gives details of their protest. •
31.
Sandvoss,
Stätten
, p. 11. German text is

‘Gross ist die Zeit, doch klein sind die Portionen, Was hilft es uns, wenn

Hitlers Fahnen wehn! Wenn unter diesen Fahnen heute schon Millionen

viel weniger Brot und kein Freiheit sehn!’ •
32.
Heinz Boberach (ed.),

Meldungen aus dem Reich 1938–1945
, p. 400. •
33.
Ibid., p. 422. •
34.
Hans-Rainer Sandvoss,
Widerstand in Pankow und Reinickendorf
(Berlin, 1992),

p. 124. •
35.
Josepha von Koskull, at http://www.dhm.de/lemo/forum/kollek-

tives_gedaechtnis/078/index.html •
36.
Sandvoss,
Widerstand
, p. 159. •
37.

Dieter Borkowski,
Wer weiss, ob wir uns wiedersehen
, p. 120. •
38.
Ibid., p.

117. •
39.
Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 123. •
40.
Hans Bernd Gisevius,
To the
Bitter End
(New York, 1998), p. 514. •
41.
Andreas-Friedrich, op. cit., p. 146.

•
42.
Marie Vassiltchikov,
Berlin Diaries 1940–1945
, p. 85. •
43.
Hans-Georg von Studnitz,
While Berlin Burns, Diaries 1943–1945
, p. 189. •
44.
Ursula von Kardorff,
Berliner Aufzeichnungen 1942–1945
, p. 161. •
45.
Andreas-Friedrich, op. cit., p. 147.

•
46.
Text of the speech is at http://www.answers.com/topic/radio-address-on-the-1944-bomb-plot •
47.
Theo Findahl,
Letzter Akt Berlin: 1939–1945
, p. 117.

•
48.
Findahl, op. cit., pp. 120–21. •
49.
Kardorff, op. cit., p. 163.
50.
Andreas-Friedrich, op. cit., p. 149. •
51.
Kardorff, op. cit., p. 163
.
•
52.
Boberach, op. cit., p. 6684. •
53.
Studnitz, op. cit., pp. 189–90.

410

berlin at war

14
Against All Odds

•
1.
Nathan Stoltzfus,
Resistance of the Heart
, p. xviii. •
2.
Quoted in Gernot Jochheim,
Frauenprotest in der Rosenstrass
e, p. 122. •
3.
Quoted in Wolfgang Benz (ed.),
Die Juden in Deutschland 1933–1945
, p. 593. •
4.
Gad Beck, ‘Da waren auf einmal Hunderte von Frauen auf der Strasse’, in Nina Schröder (ed.),

Hitler’s unbeugsame Gegnerinnen
(Munich, 1997), p. 138. •
5.
Hans Bloch, quoted in Wolf Gruner,
Widerstand in der Rosenstrasse
, p. 114. •
6.
Quoted in Benz (ed.),
Juden
, p. 593. •
7.
Quoted in ibid., p. 594. •
8.
Inge Unikower, quoted in Gruner, op. cit., p. 106. •
9.
Erika Lewine, quoted in Stoltzfus, op. cit., p. 220.

•
10.
Ruth Bileski, quoted in Daniel Silver,
Refuge in Hell
, p. 129. •
11.
Quoted in Jochheim, op. cit., p. 122. •
12.
Charlotte F., quoted in Stolzfus, op. cit., p. xvii. •
13.
Ruth Gross, quoted in ibid., pp. 227–8. •
14.
Annie R., quoted in ibid., p. xx. •
15.
Ruth Andreas-Friedrich,
Berlin Underground, 1938–1945
, p. 92. •
16.
Gruner, op. cit., p. 115. •
17.
Ernst Bukofzer, quoted in Stoltzfus, op. cit., pp. 249–50. •
18.
Ruth Gross-Pisarek speech, at http://www.rosen-strasse-protest.de/interviews/index_interviews.html •
19.
The two schools

are broadly represented by the historians Nathan Stoltzfus and Wolf Gruner.

•
20.
See Gruner, op. cit., pp. 118–29. •
21.
See Document 34 ‘Fabrikaktion’, dated 8 March 1943, in Wolfgang Scheffler (ed.),
Judenverfolgung im Dritten
Reich
(Berlin, 1964), p. 95. •
22.
Rachel Becker, testimony, Yad Vashem Archive, ref: 03/1806. •
23.
Marion Kaplan,
Between Dignity and Despair – Jewish Life in
Nazi Germany
, pp. 203 and 228. •
24.
Yitzhak Schwersenz, quoted in Wolfgang Benz (ed.),
Überleben im Dritten Reich
(Munich, 2003), p. 24. •
25.
Leonard Gross,
The Last Jews in Berlin
, p. 173. •
26.
Testimony of Kurt L., held at the Wiener Library Archive, London (henceforth ‘WL’), ref: P IIId. no. 83. •
27.

Benz (ed.),
Juden
, p. 661. •
28.
Quoted in Kaplan, op. cit., p. 212. •
29.
Adam LeBor and Roger Boyes,
Surviving Hitler
(London, 2000), p. 76. •
30.
Ursula von Kardorff,
Berliner Aufzeichnungen 1942–1945
, p. 15. •
31.
Irma Simon, quoted in Kaplan, op. cit., p. 218. •
32.
Erich N.,
Erlebtes
, unpublished manuscript kindly supplied to the author, pp. 30–31. •
33.
Ibid., p. 32. •
34.
Benz (ed.),
Überleben
, p. 25. •
35.
Case of Alfred B., WL, ref: P IIIg no. 1196. •
36.
Testimony of Rita M., Deutsches Tagebucharchiv (hereafter DTA), Emmendingen, ref:

542. •
37.
Testimony of Inge Deutschkron, WL, ref: P IIId. no. 192. •
38.
Benz (ed.),
Überleben
, p. 37. •
39.
Cioma Schönhaus,
The Forger
(London, 2008), pp.

92–5. •
40.
Benz (ed.),
Überleben
, p. 25. •
41.
Taped interview with Otto Jodmin (1985) available at the House of the Wannsee Conference Museum, Berlin.

•
42.
See Reha Sokolow and Al Sokolow,
Ruth und Maria
(Berlin, 2006), pp.

83–9. •
43.
Case of Gerda W. WL, ref: P IIId. no. 411. •
44.
Quoted in Kate Connolly, ‘I still feel her breath’, in
Guardian
, 30 June 2001. •
45.
Kaplan, op.

notes

411

cit., p. 208, quoting the work of Avraham Seligmann. •
46.
Franke case,

Gestapo Schöneberg, quoted in Gruner, op. cit, p. 70. •
47.
Andreas-Friedrich, op. cit., p. 118. •
48.
Erich N., op. cit., pp. 33–5. •
49.
Wyden, op. cit., p. 132.

•
50.
Author interview with Maria N., Berlin, September 2008. •
51.
Testimony of Charlotte J., WL, ref: P IIId. no. 26. •
52.
Hanna Sohst, quoted in Konrad Kwiet and Helmut Eschwege,
Selbstverwaltung und Widerstand – Deutsche Juden

im Kampf um Existenz und Menschenwürde 1939–1945
(Hamburg, 1984), p. 156.

•
53.
Case quoted in Kwiet and Eschwege, op. cit., pp. 156–7. •
54.
WL, ref: P IIId. no. 83. •
55.
See Christina Herkommer, ‘Rettung in Bordell’, in Benz (ed.),
Überleben
, pp. 143–52, and also Larry Orbach’s memoir. •
56.
Barbara Lovenheim,
Survival in the Shadows
, pp. 83–9. •
57.
See Schönhaus, op. cit.