After the Reich (112 page)

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Authors: Giles MacDonogh

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15
Kirkbright,
Jaspers
, 190.

16
Stern,
Hidden Damage
, 79-81.

17
Interview with Karl-Heinz Bohrer, November 2004.

18
Abzug,
Vicious Heart
, x.

19
Ibid.

20
Ibid., 134-7.

21
Ibid., 128-32; Farago,
Last Days
, 58.

22
Shepherd,
After Daybreak
, 74-7.

23
James F. Tent,
Mission on the Rhine: Reeducation and Denazification in American Occupied Germany
, Chicago and London 1982, 11, 14.

24
Edward N. Peterson,
The American Occupation of Germany: Retreat to Victory
, Detroit 1977, 115, 59; Frank M. Buscher,
The U.S. War Crimes Trial Program in Germany, 1946-1955
, New York, Westport and London 1989, 19.

25
Keeling,
Gruesome Harvest
, 35.

26
Kardorff,
Aufzeichnungen
, 324.

27
Friedrich,
Schauplatz Berlin
, 82.

28
Stern,
Hidden Damage
, 120.

29
Justus Fürstenau,
Entnazifizierung. Ein Kapitel deutscher Nachkriegspolitik
, Neuwied and Berlin 1969, 25.

30
Kardorff,
Aufzeichnungen
, 339.

31
Jünger,
Okkupation
, 153.

32
Meehan,
Strange Enemy People
, 116.

33
Krauss,
Heimkehr
, 51.

34
Emmy Goering,
My Life with Goering
, London 1972, 142.

35
Margret Boveri,
Der Verrat im XX. Jahrhundert - für und gegen die Nation
, Hamburg 1956, 14.

36
Dos Passos,
Tour of Duty
, 253-4.

37
MacDonogh,
A Good German
, 71; see also R. G. S. Weber,
The German Student Corps in the Third Reich
, London 1986.

38
Gollancz,
In Darkest Germany
, 103.

39
MacDonogh,
Prussia
, 192-3; Hansgeorg Model,
Der deutsche Generalstabsoffizier. Seine Auswahl und Ausbildung in Reichswehr, Wehrmacht und Bundeswehr
, Frankfurt/Main 1968, 135-9.

40
Kardorff,
Aufzeichnungen
, 326 n. 1, 333.

41
Sayn-Wittgenstein,
Streifzüge
, 166.

42
Peterson,
American Occupation
, 174, 216; Tent,
Mission on the Rhine
, 51.

43
Tent,
Mission on the Rhine
, 54-5.

44
Dos Passos,
Tour of Duty
, 273.

45
Clare,
Berlin Days
, 26-8.

46
Meehan,
Strange Enemy People
, 104.

47
Smith, ed.,
Clay Papers
, I, 328-9; Timothy R. Vogt,
Denazification in Soviet-Occupied Germany 1945-1948
, Cambridge, Mass. and London 2000, 7-8

48
Balfour and Mair,
Four Power Control
, 174.

49
Bower,
Blind Eye to Murder
, 182-3, 221; Wolfgang Krüger,
Entnazifiziert!: Zur Praxis der politischen Säuberung in Nordrhein-Westfalen
, Wuppertal 1982, 14-15.

50
Vogt,
Denazification
, 2-3, 71.

51
Krüger,
Entnazifiziert!
, 11.

52
Clare,
Berlin Days
, 112-13.

53
Ruge, ed.,
Schulenburg
, 91.

54
Ibid., 91-2.

55
Dos Passos,
Tour of Duty
, 251-2.

56
Ibid., 309.

57
Zuckmayer,
Deutschlandbericht
, 140-1; Zuckmayer, ‘Jugend im Niemandsland’.

58
Franz von Papen, M
emoirs
, translated by Brian Connell, London 1952, 577-8.

59
Schwerin von Krosigk,
Memoiren
, 261-2.

60
Goering,
My Life with Goering
, 168.

61
Nike Wagner,
The Wagners - The Dramas of a Musical Dynasty
, London 2000, 226.

62
Hamann,
Winifred Wagner
, 403; Spotts,
Bayreuth
, 199.

63
Hamann,
Winifred Wagner
, 406, 408.

64
Ibid., 410-11.

65
Franz Endler,
Herbert von Karajan: My Autobiography
, London 1989, 46.

66
Lang,
‘Lieber Herr Celibidache’
, 48-50.

67
Ibid., 58.

68
Davidson,
Death and Life
, 127-8.

69
Peterson,
Russian Commands
, 84-5.

70
Smith, ed.,
Clay Papers
, I, 46-7.

71
Ibid., 102.

72
Ibid., 130, 141.

73
Ibid., 433; II, 624.

74
Ibid., 224-5.

75
Peterson,
American Occupation
, 93.

76
Buscher,
War Crimes Trial Program
, 49, 60.

77
Clare,
Berlin Days
, 206-10.

78
Wagnleitner, ed.,
Herz
, 98-100.

79
Rauchensteiner,
Stalinplatz 4
, 110.

80
Rathkolb, ed.,
Gesellschaft und Politik
, 147-8.

81
Ibid., 209, 243.

82
Ibid., 109, 112.

83
Ibid. 153, 152 n. 1.

84
Ibid., 390.

85
Béthouart,
Bataille
, 120.

86
Richard Dove, Foreword to Bearman et al.,
Wien-London
, 11.

87
Wagnleitner, ed.,
Herz
, 115-17.

88
Blake Baker, ‘Zur Arbeit der Field Security Service im Steirischen Grenzland’, in Beer, ed.,
Die ‘Britische Steiermark’
, 608.

89
Beer, ‘Die Briten’, 130-1.

90
Ibid., 122.

91
Beer, ‘Grossbritannien’, 65 n. 67.

92
Beer, ‘Die Briten’, 122-3.

93
Ibid., 125.

94
Wolfgang Muchitsch, ‘Das Volksgericht Graz’, in Beer,
Die ‘Britische Steiermark
’, 43.

95
Beer, ‘Die Briten’, 153.

96
Lorenz Jäger,
Adorno - Eine politische Biographie
, Munich 2003, 223.

97
Gollancz,
In Darkest Germany
, 18-19.

98
Victor Gollancz,
Leaving them to their Fate: The Ethics of Starvation
, London 1946, 4.

99
Ibid., 5-6, 12, 18.

100
Bullock,
Bevin
, 265.

101
Gollancz,
In Darkest Germany
, 24.

102
Ibid., 18.

103
Ibid., 14-15, 17.

104
Döblin,
Schicksalsreise
, 415.

105
Gollancz,
In Darkest Germany
, 11.

106
Ibid., 12.

107
Ibid., 23-4.

108
Ibid., 38-9.

109
Ibid., 53-7.

110
Ibid., 64.

111
Ibid., 66-7.

112
Zuckmayer,
Deutschlandbericht
, 72.

113
Gollancz,
In Darkest Germany
, 29.

114
Ibid., 13-14.

115
Jünger,
Okkupation
, 240.

116
Smith, ed.,
Clay Papers
, I, 151-2, 161, 166, 179, 207.

117
Ibid., 212.

118
Gollancz,
In Darkest Germany
, 74.

119
Smith, ed.,
Clay Papers
, I, 264-5.

120
Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 35-6.

121
Ibid., 164; Davidson,
Death and Life
, 137.

122
Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 48-9, 50-4, 59-60, 64.

123
Ibid., 60, 65-6, 70; Davidson,
Death and Life
, 159.

124
Zuckmayer, ‘Deutschland, Sommer 1948: Jüngstes Gericht oder Stunde Null?’, in
Deutschlandbericht
.

125
Trippen,
Frings
, 251.

126
Ibid., 174-5.

127
Meehan,
Strange Enemy People
, 240.

128
Paul Dahm,
Joseph Kardinal Frings, Erzbischof von Köln
, Munich 1957, 4-5.

129
Ibid., 21-2.

130
Quoted in ibid., 22.

131
Goedde,
GIs and Germans
, 43, 45.

132
Davidson,
Death and Life
, 21, 54.

133
Meehan
, Strange Enemy People
, 41-2.

134
Radley, ‘British Military Government’, 583.

135
Smith, ed.,
Clay Papers
, I, 29.

136
Kardorff,
Aufzeichnungen
, 332; Clare,
Berlin Days
, 34, 55.

137
Goedde,
GIs and Germans
, 44; Boveri,
Tage
, 286; Clare,
Berlin Days
, 16, 55, 60.

138
Clare,
Berlin Days
, 54.

139
Ibid., 17-18.

140
Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 82; Stern,
Hidden Damage
, 273.

141
Stern,
Hidden Damage
, 286.

CHAPTER 13: BLACK MARKET

1
Krockow,
Hour of the Women
, 167, 169; Heinrich Böll,
When the War was Over
.

2
Sayn-Wittgenstein,
Streifzüger
, 171.

3
Heinrich Böll, ‘Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa . . .’, in his
Erzählungen
, Munich 1997, 14-15.

4
Friedrich,
Schauplatz Berlin
, 192.

5
Smith, ed.,
Clay Papers
, I, 335-6.

6
Ibid., 211-13.

7
Stern,
Hidden Damage
, 130-5.

8
Ibid., 68.

9
Goedde,
GIs and Germans
, 122.

10
Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 6.

11
Hans Habe,
In American Uniform
, quoted in ibid., 123.

12
Ibid., 12.

13
Zuckmayer, ‘Jugend in Niemandsland’.

14
Zuckmayer,
Deutschlandbericht
, 142.

15
Ibid., 152.

16
Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 76-8.

17
Friedrich,
Schauplatz Berlin
, 119.

18
Jünger,
Okkupation
, 235-6.

19
Zuckmayer,
Deutschlandbericht
, 143-9.

20
Ibid., 155.

21
Cullen,
Reichstag
, 399-401.

22
Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 92, 94-5.

23
Ibid., 102.

24
Ibid., 170.

25
Mosely,
Report from Germany
, 46-7, 55, 80-1.

26
Dos Passos,
Tour of Duty
, 260; Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 164.

27
Boelcke,
Schwarzmarkt
, 206-7.

28
Skrjabina,
Allies on the Rhine
, 81.

29
Davidson,
Death and Life
, 84-5.

30
Klimov,
Terror Machine
, 178.

31
Ibid., 128, 134, 160.

32
Meehan,
Strange Enemy People
, 116, 130.

33
Gerhard Keiderling, ‘Der Al Capone vom Alexanderplatz’, in
www.luise-
b
erlin.de

CHAPTER 14: LIGHT FINGERS

1
Konstantin Akinscha and Grigori Koslow,
Beutekunst - Auf Schatzsuche in russischen Geheimdepots
, Munich 1995, 61, 68.

2
Smith, ed.,
Clay Papers
, I, 68, 84, 268; Keeling,
Gruesome Harvest
, 40.

3
Akinscha and Koslow,
Beutekunst
, 24, 97-100.

4
Ibid., 103-5.

5
Ibid., 94-5, 113-15.

6
Ibid., 112-13, 116.

7
See Giles MacDonogh, Translator’s Preface to Henrik Eberle and Matthias Uhl, eds,
The Hitler Book
, London 2005.

8
Eberle and Uhl, eds,
Das Buch Hitler
, Afterword, 462-78 passim.

9
Akinscha and Koslow,
Beutekunst
, 95, 122-3.

10
Friedrich,
Shauplatz Berlin
, 33.

11
Akinscha and Koslow,
Beutekunst
, 126-7.

12
Ibid., 129-33; A. A. Löwenthal, ‘Der Hitler-Affe: Ein Zwischenfall in Schlesien’, in
Gesammelte Schriften
, Tübingen 1965, VI, 636-43.

13
Giles MacDonogh, ‘Parlour Games’,
Guardian
, 20 December 2003. Damon de Laszlo, the artist’s grandson, maintains that it is doubtful that Red Army officers carried swords, and it may well be that the damage to the painting was incurred in quite another way. On the other hand, we know that the Russians carried all sorts of weapons as trophies.

14
Akinscha and Koslow,
Beutekunst
, 106-9, and author’s visits to Rheinsberg.

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