A Patriot's History of the Modern World (87 page)

and raw materials shortages, 268, 290, 311–12, 314, 372

Rhineland invasion, 276, 313–14

rise to power, 167, 257–58, 260–62

in Spanish Civil War, 278, 284, 285

“stab-in-the-back” theory of, 136, 260

–Stalin nonaggression pact, 295–97, 337

territorial demands of, 266–67, 286, 295, 312

Tripartite Pact, 297, 331, 334, 335

and U.S., views of, 216–17, 292, 315–17

war preparations of, 270–71

wartime leadership of, 323, 335, 337, 339, 343, 346, 359, 370, 373, 376, 382, 398, 399

See also
World War II

Hitler Youth, 333

Hoare, Samuel, 274

Hoare-Laval Pact of 1935, 274–75, 329

Hoche, Alfred, 179, 192

Ho Chi Minh, 162

Hodges, Courtney, 412

Hoepner, Erich, 346

Holland, John, 15

Holland (Netherlands), 320, 321–22, 408, 414

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 124, 250

Holocaust, 329, 360, 383, 384, 387–90

Homma, Masararu, 362

Honduras, 226, 227

Hong Kong, 362

Hoover, Herbert, 223, 237, 241, 249–50

Hoover, J. Edgar, 331

Horder, Lord, 192

Hornbeck, Stanley, 304

Horthy, Miklós, 288

House, Edward, 113, 153, 155, 157, 159

Huerta, Adolfo de, 106, 107, 109

Hughes, Charles Evans, 115, 253

Hughes, G.W.G., 102

Hughes, Howard, 354–55

Hugo, Victor, 50

Hull, Cordell, 48, 266, 304, 305, 306, 307, 331, 350

Human behavior, study of, 62–64

Human Betterment Foundation, 182

Hungary, 164, 165, 219, 256, 273, 289, 334, 402, 411, 414.
See also
Austro–Hungarian Empire

Huntington, Collis, 52

Husayni, Musa Kazim al-, 200

Hussein bin Ali, 199

Husseini, Kamel Bey al-, 200

Ibárruri, Dolores (La Pasionaría), 281

Imamura, Hitoshi, 400

Immigration

and eugenics theory, 180, 181, 184

nativist reaction to, 6–7

restriction, 184, 303

Income tax, 48–49, 118–19, 123

India, 100, 203, 204, 205

Indian policy, U.S., 211–12

Indochina, Japan in, 304–5, 306, 336, 348

Inoue, Shigeyoshi, 171

Insull, Samuel, 186–87

International Brigades, 285

International Workers of the World (IWW), 125

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), 158

Inukai, Ki, 300

Iraq, 336

Ireland, Easter Rising, 42

Isandlwana, Battle of, 38

Isherwood, Benjamin, 18

“Island Hopping” strategy, in Pacific War, 369, 393

Isolationism, U.S, 112–13

Italy

Abyssinian (Ethiopian) conflict, 168, 273–75

in Albania, 275

armistice of, 400

birth rate decline in, 190

and fascist economic recovery, 254–55

fascist ideology in, 178

–Japan alliance, 297

in Libya, 373

Mussolini-Hitler pact, 273, 295

persecution of Jews, 276

in Spanish Civil War, 278, 284

and “Third Europe” coalition, 271, 272–73

and Treaty of Versailles, 155

Tripartite Pact, 297, 331, 334

in World War II, 331, 334–35, 373–74, 403, 404, 414

Iwo Jima, attack on, 137, 415

Izvestia
(“News”), 147

Janeway, Eliot, 304

Japan

assassination cult in, 300, 301

atomic bombing of, 417–18, 419, 421

as authoritarian state, 302–3

Bushido/Shinto ethos in, 207–8, 300, 301–2, 391, 393

in China, 209–10, 301, 304, 391

imperial expansionism of, 209–10, 297–98, 299–300, 301, 303–5, 336

in Indochina, 304–5, 306, 336, 348

in Korea, 298

modernization of, 206, 208

naval buildup of, 170, 171–72

Pearl Harbor attack, 308, 349, 350–51

political system of, 58–59, 206–7, 208

race policies of, 297, 298

raw materials needs of, 300, 301, 311, 349

in Russian wars, 59–60, 304

and Treaty of Versailles, 155

in Tripartite Pact, 297, 331

U.S. oil embargo on, 305, 349, 395

U.S. policy toward, 210, 305–8, 348–50, 395, 471

U.S. as ultimate enemy, 299, 305

war crimes of, 391, 421–22

See also
Pacific War

Japanese American internment, 370, 419, 420

Jaurès, Jean, 83

Jefferson, Thomas, 5

Jellicoe, John, 110

Jews

assimilation of, 188

Bolsheviks, 189, 398

deportation of, 389

in eugenics movement, 188

in ghettos, 387, 388

Mussolini's persecution of, 276

Nazi extermination of, 329, 360, 383, 384, 387–90

Nazi persecution of, 269–70, 389

Orthodox isolationists, 188–89

and Palestine state, 199, 200–201

slave labor, 385, 386

in U.S., Hitler's view of, 216–17

in Vichy France, 326

See also
Anti-Semitism

Jodl, Alfred, 317, 414

Joffre, Joseph, 85, 93–95, 96

Johnson, Chandler, 415

Johnson, Hiram, 115

Johnson, Hugh, 253

Johnson, Paul, 10, 145, 247, 419

Joly, Maurice, 189

Jones, Bill, 19

Jones, Percy, 103

Jordan, David Starr, 182

Joseph, Chief, 107

Jung, Carl, 62, 63–64

Jünger, Ernst, 78, 105

Jutland, Battle of, 110, 299

J. Walter Thompson, 230

Kaganovich, Lazar, 148, 398

Kahn, Otto, 249

Kaiser, Henry J., 353, 354

Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, 194

Kamenev, Lev, 148

Kamikaze attacks, Japanese, 416–17

Kammhuber, Josef, 382

Kasserine, Battle of, 377–78, 379

Kato, Tomosaburo, 171

Keitel, Wilhelm, 372

Keller, Helen, 112

Kellogg, Frank, 173

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 173

Kennan, George, 295

Kennedy, Joseph P., 251

Kennedy, Julian, 19

Kennedy, Robert F., 333

Kenney, George, 400

Kerensky, Aleksandr, 143, 145–46, 147

Kershaw, Ian, 390

Kesselring, Albert, 375

Kettle Hill, Battle of, 27

Keynes, John Maynard

in eugenics movement, 179

on German reparations, 256

on globalization, 70–71

on government spending, 250

interventionism of, 248

speculation theory of, 234

on tax hikes, 250

war aims of, 360

Khalifa (Abdullah al-Taashi), 1–2, 34

Kharkov, Battle of, 399

Khartoum, Mahdi's siege of, 36

Khomiakov, Alexei, 73

Khrushchev, Nikita, 148, 286, 398

Kimmel, Husband, 350, 396

King, Ernest J., 376, 396, 397, 401, 402, 406

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 186

Kipling, Rudyard, 196

Kirchhoff, Walter, 99

Kita, Ikki, 301–2

Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, 1, 37–38, 84–85, 95, 96

Kloman brothers, 19

Kluck, Alexander von, 96, 97, 98

Knappe, Siegfried, 343

Knight (E.C.), 46

Knox, Frank, 396

Knox, Philander C., 46

Kolchak, Aleksandr, 346

Konev, Ivan Stepanovich, 347

Konoe, Fumimaro, 349

Koo, Wellington, 162–63

Korea, Japan in, 298

Kornilov, Lavr, 146–47

Kristallnacht
, 269–70

Krosigk, Schwerin von, 271

Krulak, Victor “Brute,” 356

Krupp (Friedrich) AG, 86

Krupp-Thyssen, 217

Kuhl, Charles H., 407

Kulaks, in Soviet Union, 149, 242, 243

Kuomintang, 209

Kursk, Battle of, 382

Kurusu, Saburo, 349–50

Labor market

full employment, 236, 239–40, 266

and minimum wage, 180, 181, 253

New Deal programs, 252

racial quotas in, 180

unemployment, 242, 250, 253, 254

women in, 353–54

Laffer Curve, 236

Lagarde, Paul de, 189

Lambert, Alexander, 55

Land Ordinance of 1785, 5, 37

Land ownership, in American colonies, 210–11

Lansing, Robert, 116, 158, 162, 218

Largo Caballero, Francisco, 279, 280

Larsen, Frederick, 378

Larson, Edward, 181

Lasker, Albert, 230, 231

Latin America

missionary groups in, 226

neutrality in World War II, 389

obstacles to development in, 224–26

U.S. companies in, 226–27

U.S. cultural influence on, 233–34

U.S. interventions in, 106, 107–8, 223–24

U.S. investment in, 224

See also
Spanish-American War

Lausanne Conference of 1932, 256

Lausanne Treaty of 1923, 220

Laval, Pierre, 274

Lawrence, T. E., 162, 198–99, 200, 204

Lawrence of Arabia
, 198–99

Layton, Edwin T., 350, 397

League of Nations

and Abyssinian (Ethiopian) conflict, 273

and disarmament, 167–68

mandate system of, 219

and Versailles Conference, 158

Wilson's proposal for, 153–54, 157, 199

Lean, David, 198–99

Lebanon, 204

Leiss, William, 231

Lejeune, John, 223

LeMay, Curtis, 174, 381

Lend-Lease, 306, 331, 341–42, 402–3

Leningrad, siege of, 344

Lenin, Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov

background of, 140–41

cease-fire with Germany, 126–27

death of, 149

Marxist doctrine of, 141–43

revolutionary agenda of, 143–45

seizure of power, 145–46, 147

succession to, 148–49

Lévi, Sylvain, 201

Lewis, John David, 300

Lewis, Sinclair, 176

Libya, 334–35, 373, 374, 375

Liggett, Hunter, 131–32, 134, 135, 136

Light Brigade, charge of, 38

Lincoln, Abraham, 82

Lindbergh, Charles, 7, 12, 175–77, 291

Lipkes, Jeff, 89

Lippmann, Walter, 125, 157, 218

Literature, 137, 139, 176

Lithuania, 294

Lloyd George, David, 272

and Dardanelles, 168–69

at Versailles Conference, 155, 156, 159, 161

wartime posts of, 161

Locarno Pact of 1925, 173, 312

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 116, 158

Loewenberg, Robert, 263

Lôme, Enrique Dupuy de, 16

London, Jack, 226

London Naval Treaty of 1930, 299

London Protocol of 1830, 220

Long, John D., 17

Lord & Thomas, 230–31

“Lost generation,” 138

Lovett, “Wild Bill,” 125

Low, Francis, 366

Luce, Stephen B., 18

Ludendorff, Erich, 86–87, 261

Ludwig, Emil, 80

Lugard, Frederick, 203

Lusitania
, sinking of, 111–12

Lyautey, Hubert, 196, 203

Macabulos, Francisco, 31

McAdoo, William Gibbs, 120, 122, 123

MacArthur, Arthur, 394

MacArthur, Douglas

early career and character of, 363, 394–95

and Eisenhower, 404, 406

“Island-Hopping” campaign of, 369

in Japanese occupation, 207, 420

in Philippine command, 362–63, 395

and Philippine invasion, 363

return to Philippines, 363, 393, 395, 411

surrender of Japan, 418–19

McCloy, John J., 390

McCormick, Cyrus, 234

McCullough, David, 50, 52, 53

Mackinder, Halford, 18, 19

McKinley, William, 3, 11, 52, 82

election of, 32, 42, 44

and Spanish American War, 16 17, 30, 31

Macmillan, Harold, 402

McNary-Haugen plan, 245

Macpherson, Douglas, 27

MAGIC (code-breaking project), 349, 350

Maginot Line, 320, 322

Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 17, 18, 19

Mahdi (Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah), 1, 34, 35–36, 40, 85

Malta, in World War II, 378

Manchuria, Japan in, 301

Mansoor, Peter R., 379

Manstein, Erich von, 321, 346–47, 369, 373, 398, 399

Marc, Franz, 80

Maritain, Jacques, 360–61

Marks, Sally, 215, 256

Marne, Battles of, 97, 132

Marriage clinics, in Germany, 194

Marriage laws, in Germany, 193–94

Marshall, George C., 129, 333, 376, 379, 393, 401, 402, 405, 406

Marx, Karl, 64, 141, 143, 191, 262

Marxism-Leninism, 140–45

Masses, The
, 124

Mathias, Frank, 392

Maunoury, Michel-Joseph, 96, 97

Maurras, Charles, 166, 187, 222

May, Karl, 316

Maynard, John, 243

Mazur, Paul, 233

Meeker, Royal, 181

Mehmed VI, 154

Meiji Constitution, 58–59, 206

Meinecke, Friedrich, 77

Mein Kampf
(Hitler), 261, 290, 337

Mellon, Andrew, 235, 236, 241, 249

Mencken, H.L., 192

Merritt, Wesley, 30

Metaxas, Ioannis, 165

Meuse-Argonne offensive, 129, 131, 132, 135

Mexico

economic collapse of, 226

nationalization of U.S. companies, 227

obstacles to development, 225

Pancho Villa's campaign, 106–10, 116, 127

and Zimmerman telegram, 116

Mezes, Sidney, 153

Middle East

Balfour Declaration of 1917, 199, 200

Britain in, 198–99, 200

Palestine, Jewish state in, 200–201

Suez Canal, 50, 79, 200, 375

in World War II, 336, 373–74, 375–76

Midway, Battle of, 367–68, 381, 397

Militarism, pre-World War I, 75–76

Military production

Nazi Germany, 168, 271, 318

and bombing raids, 359–60, 383

myths of, 313–15

nuclear energy, 319

slave labor in, 360, 383, 384–86

tanks, 322

timetable for war, 267–69

Soviet, 343, 356

U.S.

in Spanish-American War, 19-20