A Nation Betrayed: Secret Cold War Experiments Performed on Our Children and Other Innocent People (40 page)

245
Previously described in #4 on original 48 experiments released by DOE in June 1994), References: Martmer, E.E., K.E. Corrigan, H.P. Charbeneau, and A. Sosin. “A Study of the Uptake of Iodine (I-131) by the Thyroid of Premature Infants.”
AMA American Journal of Diseases of Children
, Vol. 17, 1955, 503-509.

246
This study was supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Described in #40 on the original list of forty-eight experiments released by DOE in June 1994 References Lushbaugh, C.C. and D.B. Hale. “Clinical Applications of Whole body Counting: A Clinical Comparison of the Absorbability of Ferrous versus Ferric Salts in Normal Human Subjects.” Biological and Medical Research Group of the Health Division Semiannual Report July 1961 June 1962. Los Alamos: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, LAMS 2780, 1962, pp. 337-347.

247
Studied jointly by the Veterans Administration Hospital, Omaha, NB, and the Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska, College of Medicine

248
The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, and the American Cancer Society supported this study and was previously described in #4 on original 48 experiments released by DOE in June 1994. References: Morrison, R.T., J.A. Birkbeck, T.C. Evans, and J.I. Routh. “Radioiodine Uptake Studies Newborn Infants.”
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
. Vol. 4, 1963, pp.162-166.

249
The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission supported this research as described in #19 on the original list of 48 experiments released by DOE in June 1994,
Study of the Retention and Excretion of Iodine-131
, References: Lushbaugh, C.C., D.B. Hale, and C.R. Richmond. “Clinical Applications of Whole Body Scintillometry. IV. Turnover Rate of Protein-Bound Iodide.” Biological and Medical Research Group of the Health Division Semiannual Report January June 1960. Los Alamos: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, LAMS 2455, 1960, pp. 364-371.

250
The research was performed under a contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. References: Cuddihy, R.G. “Hazard to Man from I-131 in the Environment.”
Health Physics
. Vol. 12, 1966, pp. 1,021-1,025.

251
Excerpts from US Department of Energy Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (1996). Final Report. http://nattie.eh.doe.gov/systems/hrad/chap12.html

252
Excerpts from US Department of Energy Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (1996). Final Report. http://nattie.eh.doe.gov/systems/hrad/chap9.html

253
Gary Lee, “The Lifelong Harm to Radiation’s Human Guinea Pigs,”
Washington Post
, National Weekly Edition, November 28, 1944, 34

254
Excerpts from US Department of Energy Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (1996). Final Report chap11

255
These experiments were performed under contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. References: Gamertsfelder, C.C. “
Plans and Hazard Analysis for the First Hanford I-131 Field Release Test
.” Richland, WA: Hanford Atomic Products Operation, Physics and Instruments Laboratory, HW 78312, July 19, 1963. Washington State University Tri-Cities Campus, PNL, DOE Richland Public Reading Room, I-131, Open Shelving. A Handwritten Monthly Report. J.K. Soldat to R.F. Foster. July 1963. Washington State University Tri-Cities Campus, PNL, DOE Richland Public Reading Room, I-131, Open Shelving, PNL 9369 DEL. Monthly Report. Senior Engineer to R.F. Foster. August 23, 1963. Washington State University Tri-Cities Campus, PNL, DOE Richland Public Reading Room, I-131, Open Shelving, PNL 9370.

256
This research was supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and by a grant from the National Cancer Institute.

References: Meyer L.M., L.M. Schiffer, D.A. White, and E.P. Cronkite. “The Plasma Disappearance of Radioactive Cyanocobalamin: Effect of Prior Administration of Vitamin B12 Analogues.” British Journal of Hematology. Vol. 11, No. 3, May 1965, pp. 370 379. Monthly Highlight Report of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, Medical Division. December 1962. NARA Atlanta Archives, RG 326 68A1096, OR Research Division, Organization and Management 5, Box 400, Folder Organization and Management 8, Reports ORINS

257
Jackson Citizen Patriot
, Tuesday, May 9, 2000, AP, Honolulu, “Marshall Islanders get $341 million for nuke-test hardships”

258
The guidelines for the release of information of records through the FOIA states: “In processing a request, the Agency shall decline to confirm or deny the existence or nonexistence of any responsive records whenever the fact of their existence or nonexistence is itself classified under Executive Order 12958 or revealing of intelligence sources and methods protected pursuant to section 103(c)(5) of the National Security Act of 1947. In such circumstances, the Agency, in the form of a final written response, shall so inform the requester and advise of his or her right to an administrative appeal.” My FOIA for personal information is in appeal with the Agency Release Panel of the CIA. It has been over two years since my original request for information. I was told there were 315 appeals before mine, and no way of knowing when my appeal would be heard.

A source (The Rats BBS-Vet Link #72) that should be consulted for extensive material on this subject is
http://personalpages.tds.net/~kknowlto/
. It is a site committed to the military personnel who participated in the US Army’s atmospheric testing of CBR warfare agents, striving to aid veterans exposed to dangerous substances without their full knowledge of the consequences or informed consent.

260
http://www.rense.com/politics5/hist.htm

261
http://home.earthlink.net/~bkonop/GermIncidents2.html

262
Veterans at Risk: The Health Effects of Mustard Gas and Lewisite, Pechura, C.M. & Rall, D.P. (Eds.) Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1993, pgs. 3-4, 6-8, 50-52, 65, 224-226

263
Pugliese, David.
The Ottawa Citizen
22 April 2001, PANAMA -
Allies WWII Tested Chemical Weapons

264
Federal Register
, “Claims Based on Chronic Effects of Exposure to Vesicant Agents,” 41,497-42,500 (August 18, 1994)

265
History
of
Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective

266
Aug 1946 Name changed from Chemical Warfare Center to Army Chemical Center. Jan 1963 Name changed from Army Chemical Center to Edgewood Arsenal. July 1971 Edgewood Arsenal discontinued as a separate installation and designated Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground.

267
US Army Chemical Corps, Summary of Major Events and Problems, FY58. Army Chemical Center, Md.: US Army Chemical Center Historical Center; Mar 1959: pg. 100

268
Ibid., 129-130

269
Testimony of Dr. D. A. Osguthorpe, veterinarian and consultant to Utah State Department of Agriculture, hearing before the Subcommittee on Conservation and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, U.S. House of Representatives, “Environmental Dangers of Open-Air Testing of Lethal Chemicals,” May 20-21, 1969, 63-66.

270
Ibid., 64-65

271
DAIG-IN 21-75, Use of Volunteers in Chemical Agent Research, by the Inspector General Department of the Army, March 1975

272
US Army Chemical Corps, Summary of Major Events and Problems, FY57. Army Chemical Center, Md.: US Army Chemical Center Historical Center; Oct 1957:

273
Scheflin, op. cit., 172

274
DAIG-In 21-75, report on Use of Volunteers in Chemical Agent Research by the Inspector General, Department of the Army, 1975, pg 156

275
A declassified document, dated November 2, 1977 was sent to the CIA’s Office of Legal Council. It recounts the claim that the wife of an employee of the Inspector General’s Office had previously been married from 1955 until 1960 to a CIA employee. “In the summer of 1956, she accompanied her husband to the farm of her husband’s supervisor for dinner, drinks and wine. She believes her husband’s supervisor worked for Dr. Gottlieb who was Chief of the Technical Service Staff Chemical Division and heavily involved in MKULTRA activities. Her next recollection is receiving electric shock treatments at George Washington University Hospital for some time, followed by a convalescent period of several weeks at home. She then recalls being referred by her husband’s supervisor to a friend of the supervisor’s at the “Boston Psychiatric Hospital.” She and her husband, line deleted, went to Boston where she entered that Hospital. Both her husband and his supervisor visited her there and she recalls a strange walk out of doors with the latter. She remembers taking various tests at the Hospital.” It sounds very much like this poor woman was given a cocktail laced with LSD or some other substance. The document goes on to say that the Assistant General Counsel had been able to confirm from Agency records that the woman’s husband was in fact employed by the Agency and he worked under Dr. Gottlieb. The document goes on to say, “For your information, the deleted was involved in six subprojects of Project MKULTRA from 1952 until 1961, all of which appear to have involved testing of LSD and other substances on human subjects.”

276
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet10/brief10/br10g1.txt Staff memorandum or other working document prepared for the members of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments

277
Ibid., 152-166

278
CIA Mori ID 17755 dated 1/1/57.

279
DAIG-IN 21-75 pg. 147

280
Summary of testimony, Lloyd B. Gamble, LSD test subject, hearing before the Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, “Government-Sponsored Tests on Humans and Possible Compensation for People Harmed in the Tests,” February 2, 1994.

281
Ibid.

282
Honoré, Carl. “Norway, Children Of Nazis”, September 11, 2000,
National Post
, OSLO

283
Piller, C. & Yamamoto, K.R.
Gene Wars, Military Control Over the New Genetic Technologies
, Beech Tree Books, William Morrow, New York, 1988, 44-45, 53.

284
USAMRIID’s MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CASUALTIES HANDBOOK, Fourth Edition February 2001

285
US Army Chemical Corps. Summary of Major Events and Problems, FY1961–62. Army Chemical Center, Md.: US

286
Smart JK. History of Chemical and Biological Warfare Fact Sheets. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.: US Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command; 1996. Special Study 50. Not cleared for public release. Pg. 131