World War One: A Short History (21 page)

Cambrai, battle (1917),
117
,
132

Canadian army,
106
,
143

Capello, Genl Luigi,
121
,
123

Caporetto, battle (1917),
7
,
120
–24,
132
,
135
–6,
136

Carpathian campaigns,
43
–4,
65
–9;
see also
Przemysl

Caucasus, fighting between Turkey and Russia,
49
,
57
; German oil ambitions,
130

Cavour, Count Camillo,
12

Ceáline, Louis-Ferdinand,
29

Central Powers
see
Austria; Germany

Champagne (1915),
63
–4

Chantilly conference (1915),
77
,
80
,
83

ChàteauThierry, battle (1918),
138

Chemin des Dames, French attacks (1917& 1918),
107
,
108
,
140

China,
13
,
130

Churchill, Sir Winston S.,
7
,
23
,
48
,
54
,
99
; Dardanelles and Gallipoli,
57
–9

Clemenceau, Georges,
108
,
153

Conrad von Hötzendorf, Genl Franz Graf,
41
–4,
47
–8,
60
–61,
64
,
67
,
80

Constantinople, offered to Russia,
57
,
61

Currie, Genl Sir Arthur,
140

Czernin, Count Ottokar,
18

Debeney, Genl Marie-Eugene,
139
–40

Diaz, Maj Genl Armando,
124

Douaumont fort (Verdun),
78
,
79

Doughty-Wylie, Lt Col Hotham,
72

Drocourt-Quéant, battle (1918),
142

Duchêne, Genl Denis Auguste,
138

East Prussia,
36
,
38
–40

Ebert, Friedrich,
25

Eichhorn, Genl Hermann von,
130

Einstein, Alfred,
25

Eisenhower, Genl Dwight D.,
11

Entente Cordiale
,
11

Enver Pasha,
14
,
48
–9,
58
–9,
144

Erzberger, Matthias,
146

Falkenhayn, Genl Erich von, Eastern front,
44
,
65
,
66
–7,
69
,
71
; relations with Conrad,
80
; removed to command 9th Army,
91
; replaces Moltke,
44
,
48
,
60
–62; Verdun offensive,
77
–80

Falkland Islands, battle (1914),
54

Finland,
6
,
130

Foch, Marshal Ferdinand,
37
,
136
,
140
,
148

forts, futility of,
31
–2

France, alliance with Russia,
9
; arms race,
15
; defence of Verdun (1916),
77
–80; financial situation,
30
; German ultimatum (1914),
22
; mobilization in 1870,
22
; rivalry with Germany,
8
; treaties with Britain and Russia,
11
;
see also
French army

Franco-Prussian War (1870),
22

Franz Ferdinand, Archduke,
18
–19,
21

Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria,
91
–2,
97

French, Genl Sir John,
35
,
37
,
63

French army, casualties and losses,
35
,
79
,
87
,
137
; Champagne (1915),
63
–4; Chemin des Dames (1917& 1918),
107
,
108
,
140
; counter-attack (1918),
139
–40; methods and uniforms,
34
; mutinies (1917),
107
; response to German attacks (1914),
33
–8; Somme advances (1916),
85
; Verdun,
77
–80;
see also
France

Friedrich, Archduke,
47

Gallipoli campaign (1915–16),
58
–9

Gallwitz, Genl Max von,
70

Georgia,
130

German army, attack in the west (1914),
33
–8; Cambrai counterattack,
117
; Caporetto (1917),
120
–24,
132
; Carpathian campaigns (1915),
65
–9;

German army –
cont
. casualties and losses,
39
,
45
,
65
,
79
–80,
87
,
137
,
140
,
141
,
143
; communications problems,
36
; defences at Passchendaele (1917),
114
; in East Prussia,
38
–40; Eastern front advances (1915),
68
–71;
Friedenssturm
offensive,
139
; influence on policy,
17
,
19
–20,
21
–2; March offensive (1918),
7
,
132
–9; Masurian Lakes Winter battle (1915),
65
; operation ‘Alberich’ (1917),
106
; retreat (1918),
140
–44; Somme (1916),
83
,
84
–6; ‘storm troops’,
117
,
118
,
134
; training and equipment,
33
–4; Verdun offensive,
77
–80

German navy,
9
,
10
–11; battleships sent to Turkey,
48
–9; Jutland (1916),
82
–3; submarine warfare,
97
,
98
–9,
101
–2,
130
; suicide plan and mutinies (1918),
147

Germany, alliance with Austria,
18
,
19
,
21
,
41
–2,
47
–8; alliance with Russia,
9
; armistice negotiations (1918),
145
–8; armistice with Russia (Brest-Litovsk),
5
–6,
129
–30; chaos and insurrection,
147
–8; financial situation, 30; Hindenburg Programme,
97
,
130
–31,
138
; Hitler chancellorship,
156
–7; inflation (1920s),
156
; invasion of Austria (1918),
145
; naval build-up,
9
,
10
–11; peace negotiations (1917),
100
–101; prewar confidence, 6–10; props up Austria at Caporetto (1917),
120
–24,
132
; response to British blockade,
54
–7,
60
,
97
,
98
–9; Schlieffen Plan,
17
,
22
,
23
,
32
–3,
103
; ‘stab in the back’ fantasy,
156
; submarine warfare,
97
,
98
–102; Turkey and,
13
–14,
48
–9; war declarations,
20
–23; war-economic conditions (1918),
130
–31,
143
; Weimar Republic,
154
–6

Goeben
(German battleship),
48
,
49

Gorlice (1915),
136

Gough, Genl Sir Hubert,
115
–16,
132
–3,
134
–5

Great Britain, allied financier,
77
,
104
; Belgium and,
22
–3; blockade of Germany,
53
–7,
103
; conscription introduced,
56
–7; declares war on Germany,
23
; defensive alliances,
10
,
11
,
15
; effect of increased exports,
56
–7; financial situation,
30
,
104
; foreign policy since 1850,
131
; German envy,
9
–10; losses to U-Boats,
101
–2; Middle East territories,
153
–4; munitions industry,
84
; signs of war-weariness,
92
; war with Turkey,
57
–60;
see also
British army; Royal Navy