Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla (79 page)

25. NT to JPM Jr., June 15, 1913 [JPM].

26. NT to RUJ, December 24, 1914; December 27, 1914 [LC].

27. Josephson,
Edison,
1959, p. 296.

28. JPM Jr. to NT, September 11, 1913 [JPM].

29. NT to JPM Jr., December 23, 1913 [LC].

30. There is some evidence that Tesla travelled to Krasnodar, Russia, east of the Black Sea, before the fall of the czar, circa 1914-16, where he lectured and gave demonstrations “at the circus building where the Kuban cinema is now,” according to Semyon Kirlian (1896-1978). If he had actually seen Tesla (as opposed to a “Teslaic” demonstration by another engineer), this would mean that Tesla traveled to Europe probably right before World War I broke out. As he was negotiating with the king of Belgium, the kaiser of Germany, and engineers in Italy and Russia, it is possible that Tesla did indeed make a grand tour then, and if so, he would have most likely also visited his sisters in Croatia/Bosnia. Further evidence
would be needed to support this hypothesis.
Source:
Victor Adamenko, “In Memory of Semyon Kirlian.”
MetaScience,
4 (1980): pp. 99-103, unpublished.

31. NT to JPM Jr., December 29, 1913 [LC]; NT to JPM Jr., January 6, 1914 [JPM]; Ron Chernow,
The House of Morgan
(New York:
Atlantic Monthly Press,
1990), p. 195.

32. NT to JPM Jr., March 14, 1914 [LC].

33. NT to RUJ, December 27, 1914 [LC].

34. Ron Chernow,
House of Morgan,
p. 190.

35. “Tribute of Former Associates for George Westinghouse.”
Electrical World,
March 21, 1914, p. 637.

1. FDR re: NT and wireless priority, September 14, 1916 [NAR].

2. W. Jolly,
Marconi,
1972.

3. Niel M. Johnson,
George Sylvester Viereck: German/American Propagandist
(Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1972).

4. “Nation to Take Over Tuckertown Plant,”
New York Times,
September 6, 1914, II, 14:1.

5. NT to JPM Jr., February 19, 1915 [JPM].

6. “Germans Treble Wireless Plant,”
New York Times,
April 23, 1915, 1:6.

7. “Tesla Sues Marconi,”
New York Times,
August 4, 1915, 8:1.

8. NT to JPM Jr., November 23, 1914; February 19, 1915 [JPM].

9. Erik Barnouw,
A Tower in Babel: A History of Broadcasting in the United States
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1966), vol. 1, pp. 35-36.

10. Hammond collection, National Archives.

11. Jolly,
Marconi,
p. 225.

12. J. Ratzlaff and L. Anderson, p. 100.

13. “Marconi Loses Navy Suit,”
New York Sun,
October 3, 1914 [NT to JPM Jr. corresp., JPM].

14. “Prof. Pupin Now Claims Wireless His Invention,”
Los Angeles Examiner,
May 13, 1915; R & A, p. 100.

15. “When Powerful High-Frequency Electrical Generators Replace the Spark-Gap,”
New York Times,
October 6, 1912, VI, 4:1.

16. “Marconi Wireless vs. Atlantic Communications Co.,” 1915 [LA].

17. NT,
On His Work in A.C.,
1916/1992, p. 105.

18. Orin Dunlap,
Radio’s 100 Men of Science
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1944); Marconi Wireless vs. United States,
Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court,
October 1942, v. 320, p. 17.This feature was obviously also part of Tesla’s design, although the court eventually ruled Stone as the originator.

19. Leland Anderson, ed., “John Stone Stone on Nikola Tesla’s Priority in Radio and Continuous-Wave Radiofrequency Apparatus,”
The Antique Wireless Review,
vol. 1, 1986.

20. E. F. Sweet and FDR correspondence re: Tesla, September 14, 1916; September 16, 1916; September 26, 1916 [NAR].

21. Leland Anderson, “Priority in the Invention of the Radio: Tesla vs. Marconi,”
The Tesla Journal,
vol. 2/3, 1982/83, pp. 17-20.

22. Lawrence Lessing,
Man of High Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong
(New York: Lippincott, 1956), pp. 42-43.

23. Ibid., pp. 66-80.

24. [KSP].

25. Lloyd Scott,
Naval Consulting Board of the United States
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1920).

26. Johnson,
George Sylvester Viereck,
pp. 23, 34.

27. “Germany to Sink the Armenian. Navy May Seize Sayville Wireless,”
New York Times,
July 1, 1915, 1:4-7.

28. NT to JPM Jr., July 1915 [LC].

29. “JP Morgan Shot by Man Who Set the Capitol Bomb,”
New York Times,
July 3, 1915.

30. “Wireless Controls German Air Torpedo,”
New York Times,
July 10, 1915, 3:6, 7.

31. NT, “Science and Discovery Are the Great Forces Which Will Lead to the Consummation of the War,”
New York Sun,
December 20, 1914, in
Lectures, Patents, Articles,
pp. A-162-171.

32. “Federal Agents Raid Offices Once Occupied by Telefunken. Former Employee Richard Pfund Charged; No Arrests Made,”
New York Times,
March 5, 1918, 4:4.

33. NT to GS, December 25, 1917 [LC].

34. Royalty check to NT for $1,567 from Hochfrequenz Maschienen Aktievgesell Schaft for drachlose Telegraphic, 1917 [Swezey Col.]. Tuckertown was still owned by the Germans, although seized by the U.S. Navy, and Tuckertown, with full knowledge of the “Director of Naval Communications,” had agreed to pay Tesla royalties, see NT to GS, October 12, 1917 [LC].

35. Lloyd Scott,
Naval Consulting Board of the U.S.
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1920).

36. Interview with A. Puharich, 1984. According to Puharich, the Hammond/Tesla documents were removed from the Hammond Museum in Gloucester, Mass., after Hammond’s death, and classified as top secret sometime in 1965.This author has read through many of these documents from the National Archives through the FOIA.

1. RUJ to NT, March 1916 [LC].

2. NT to JPM Jr. [JPM].

3. Hunt and Draper, 1964/77, pp. 170-71.

4. For literature: Romain Rolland, Hendrik Pontoppidan, Troeln Lund, and Verner von Heidenstam were announced; Theodor Svedberg was named for chemistry. Rolland was the only winner that year out of that group, with the others, except for Lund, eventually also winning.

5. Nobel nominations for 1915 and 1937 [Archives, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]; L. Anderson corresp., 1991.

6. The date of 1912 in the O’Neill book, and often echoed in various magazine articles, was probably a typographical error in the biography. O’Neill, 1944, p. 229.

7. NT to Light House Board, September 27, 1899 [NAR].

8. NT to RUJ, November 10, 1915 [BLCU].

9. Hunt and Draper, 1964/77, p. 167.

10. RUJ to NT, March 1916 [LC].

11. Probably Karl Braun who shared the 1909 Prize with Marconi; NT,
On His Work in A.C.,
p. 48.

12. “Tesla No Money; Wizard Swamped by Debts,”
New York World,
March 16, 1916.

13. NT’s Fountain,”
Scientific American,
1915.

14. “Can’t Pay Taxes,”
New York Tribune,
March 18, 1916; “Wardenclyffe Property Foreclosure Proceedings,”
NY Supreme Court,
circa 1923 [L. Anderson files].

15. Abraham and Savin, 1971.

16. NT to GS, April 25, 1916 [LC].

17. NT,
My Inventions,
p. 103.

18. Leland Anderson, “Tesla Portrait by the Princess Vilma Lwoff-Parlaghy,”
The Tesla Journal,
nos. 4/5, 1986/87, pp. 72-73.

19. Trbojevitch immigrated circa 1912. Interviews with William Terbo, 1984-1991.

20. John O’Neill to NT, February 23, 1916 (greatly condensed) [NTM].

21. NT to J. O’Neill, February 26, 1916 [NTM].

22. B. A. Behrend, “Edison Medal Award Speech, 1917,” in
Tesla Said,
p. 180.

23. NT to Waldorf-Astoria mgt., July 12, 1917 [LA].

24. Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the AIEE, May 18, 1917, in
Tesla Said.

25. O’Neill, 1944.

26. Minutes of the AIEE, May 18, 1917, in
Tesla Said,
pp. 189.

27. Lester S. Holmes was represented for the hotel as owner of said Tesla property. Baldwin and Hutchins to NT, July 13, 1917, from:
Wardenclyffe Property Foreclosure Proceedings,
New York Supreme Court, circa 1923 [LA].

28. Quoted in J. B. Smiley to Frank Hutchins, July 16, 1917 [LA].

29. John B. Smiley to Frank Hutchins, July 13, 1917 [LA].

30. NT to Waldorf-Astoria, July 12, 1917 [LA].

31. “Tesla’s New Device Like Bolts of Thor,”
New York Times,
December 8, 1915, 8:3.

32. NT to JPM Jr., April 8, 1916 [LA].

33. “Reason for Seizing Wireless,”
New York Times,
February 9, 1917, 6:5.

34. “Spies on Ship Movements,”
New York Times,
February 17, 1917, 8:2.

35. “19 More taken as German spies,”
New York Times,
April 8, 1917, 1:3.

36. “Navy to Take Over All Radio Stations,”
Enumeration,
April 7, 1917, 2:2.

37. F. J. Higginson to NT, May 11, 1899 [NAR].

38. F. Higgenson to NT, August 8, 1900 [NAR]. For the full correspondence of this event, see chapter 26; R. P. Hobson to NT, May 6, 1902 [LA].

39. L. S. Howeth,
History of Communications-Electronics in U.S. Navy
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963), pp. 518-19; A. Hezlet,
Electronics & Sea Power
(New York: Stein & Day, 1975), p. 41.

40. Howeth,
History of Communications,
p. 64.

41. Hezlet,
Electronics & Sea Power,
pp. 41-42.

42. Robert Sobel, p. 43; Hezlet, p. 77.

43. Howeth, p. 256.

44. Ibid., pp. 375-76; Scherff to NT [LC]. U.S. Navy to Tuckerton Counsel, April 29, 1919 [NA].

45. Howeth, pp. 577-80.

46. NT, “Electric Drive for Battleships,”
New York Herald,
February 25, 1917; in
Lectures, Patents, Articles,
p. A-185.

47. Patent no. 1,119,732, Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy, was applied for on January 16, 1902.The application was renewed on May 4, 1907 and granted on December 1, 1914. This patent, in essence, contains all of Tesla’s key ideas behind the construction of Wardenclyffe.

48. KJ to Mrs. Hearst, circa 1917 [BLCU].

49. NT to GS, July 26, 1917 [LC].

50. GS to NT, August 20, 1917 [LC].

51. Howeth, p. 354.

52. The breakdown was as follows: GE 30%, Westinghouse 20%, AT&T 10%, United Fruit 4%, others 34%. Sobel, 1986, pp. 32-35.

53. Tesla would also be cut out of a secret agreement between GE and Westinghouse to hold back production of efficient fluorescent lighting equipment, as they did not want to undermine the highly profitable sale of normal Edison lightbulbs or “cut too drastically the demand for current” (S. C. Gilfillan,
Invention and the Patent System
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1964), p. 100.

54. “U.S. Blows Up Tesla Radio Tower,”
Electrical Experimenter,
September 1917, p. 293.

55. “Destruction of Tesla’s Tower at Shoreham, LI Hints of Spies,”
New York Sun,
August 5, 1917.

56. Howeth, pp. 359-60.

57. Ibid., p. 361.

58. E. M. Herr to NT, November 16, 1920 [LC].

59. GW Corp. to NT, November 28, 1921 [LC].

60. NT to GW Corp., November 30, 1921 [LC].

1. NT, “Edison Medal Speech,” May 18, 1917, in
Tesla Said,
181-82.

2. Hugo Gernsback, “Nikola Tesla and His Inventions,”
Electrical Experimenter,
January 1919, pp. 614-15; R. Hugo Lowndes,
Gernsback: A Man With Vision, Radio Electronics,
August 1984, pp. 73-75.

3. Erik Barnouw,
A Tower in Babel: A History of Broadcast USA
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1966), pp. 28-30.

4. [KSP].

5. H. Gernsback, “NT: The man,”
Electrical Experimenter,
February 1919, p. 697.

6. H. Winfield Secor, “The Tesla High Frequency Oscillator,”
Electrical Experimenter,
March 1916, pp. 614-15, 663; NT, “Some Personal Reflections,”
Scientific American,
June 5, 1915, pp. 537, 576-77.

7. Lester Del Ray,
Fantastic Science Fiction Art: 1926-1954
(New York: Ballantine, 1975).

8. NT to JPM Jr., June 13, 1917 [LC].

9. NT to GS, September 25, 1917 [LC].

10. Ibid., December 25, 1917.

11. Ibid.

12. O’Neill, pp. 222-28.

13. NT to GS, December 25, 1917.

14. NT to GS, June 11, 1918 [LC].

15. NT to GS, June 12, 1918 [LC].

16. NT to GS, May 15, 1918; June 22, 1918 [LC].

17. Leland Anderson,
Nikola Tesla’s Residences, Laboratories and Offices
(Denver, Colo.: 1990).

18. GS to NT, March 29, 1918 [BLCU]; November 4, 1925 [LC].

19. Leland Anderson to M. Seifer, April 28, 1988; see
International Science and Tech.,
November 1963, pp. 44-52, 103.

20. Waltham advertisements,
New York Times,
June 8, 1921, 36:4, 5.

21. NT to GS, December 6, 1922 [LC].

22. NT to GS, October 18, 1918 and circa 1925 [LC].

23. RUJ to NT, December 30, 1919 [LC].

24. J. Abraham and R. Savin,
Elihu Thomson Correspondence
(New York: Academic Press, 1971), p. 400.

25. “Radio to Stars, Marconi’s Hope,”
New York Times,
January 19, 1919.

26. NT, “Interplanetary Communication,”
Electrical World,
September 24, 1921, p. 620.

27. “Celestial Movies,” February 3, 1919, 14:3.

28. H. Gernsback, “Nikola Tesla: The man,”
Electrical Experimenter,
February 1919, p. 697.

29. Surmised in part from: “At Night and in Secret NT Lavishes Money and Love on Pigeons,”
New York World,
November 21, 1926, Metropolitan Sec., p. 1.

30. O’Neill, 1944.

31. Ibid., pp. 224-26.

32. L. Anderson to M. Seifer, July 29, 1991.

33. C. R. Possell to Marc J. Seifer, phone interview and written correspondence, May 29, 1991; June 10, 1991;
Extraordinary Science,
IV,
2,
1992.