War: What is it good for? (90 page)

Iraq,
45
,
63
,
68
,
85
,
91
,
101
,
114
,
115
,
117
,
247
,
347
; Abbasid caliphate in,
131
–
32
; impact of climate change in,
368
; Kuwait occupied by,
81
; U.S. wars in,
47
–
48
,
81
,
347
,
349
,
350

Ireland,
256
,
343

Iron Curtain,
6
,
269
,
273
,
279
,
329

Iron Mountain, battle at,
141

iron weapons,
101
–
102
,
105
–
106
,
154
,
232

Isandlwana, Battle of,
221

Isfahan (Persia),
197

Ishiwara Kanji, Colonel,
261
,
263
–
64

Islam,
136
,
144
,
174

Islamists,
220
,
347
–
50
,
353
,
363
,
387

Israel,
14
,
283
–
86
,
316
,
347
,
352
,
353
; ancient,
97
,
100
,
101
; Iron Dome missile defense system,
370
,
371
; nuclear weapons of,
376

Istanbul,
see
Constantinople

Italy,
115
,
131
,
133
,
170
,
172
,
177
,
201
,
221
,
343
; ancient,
62
,
98
,
99
,
129
; in Middle Ages,
137
,
145
; Napoleon in,
213
; postwar economic aid to,
277
; Roman wars of expansion in,
36
,
37
; Russian Civil War intervention of,
258
; in World War I,
238
,
253

Ivan IV (the Terrible), Tsar of Russia,
177

Ivory Coast,
291
,
318
n

Jacobi, Derek,
146

Jakarta,
354

Jamaica,
203

James, Harold,
259

James II, King of England,
206

Jamestown colony,
195

Japan,
154
,
180
,
219
,
242
,
261
,
269
,
358
; China invaded by,
152
,
261
–
64
; during Cold War,
277
,
278
; economic growth of,
354
–
55
; European trade with,
197
; firearms in,
170
,
182
; industrialization in,
239
,
239
,
241
; Korea invaded by,
152
,
176
; Korean immigrants to,
150
–
51
; in Middle Ages,
133
,
139
,
141
,
151
; naval
power of,
241
; oil demand in,
346
; Russian Civil War intervention of,
258
; in standoffs with People's Republic of China,
358
,
360
,
361
; U.S. military alliance with,
362
; in World War II,
268
,
270
,
271

Java,
178

javelins,
39
,
99
,
100
,
107
,
186
,
313

Jefferson, Thomas,
208
,
213
,
257

Jenkins's Ear, War of,
78

Jericho,
85
,
173

Jerusalem,
38
,
143

Jesus,
50

Jethá, Cacilda,
15

Jews: Nazi slaughter of,
54
,
266
; in Roman Empire,
34
,
38
,
48

jihad,
251
,
347
,
348
,
350
,
353

Jin dynasty,
130

John, King of Portugal,
163
–
64

Jordan Valley,
76
,
85

Josephus,
38

Judea,
38

Jünger, Ernst,
248

Justinian,
131
,
136

Kabinettskriege
(ministers' wars),
191

Kabul (Afghanistan),
182

Kadesh, Battle of,
97
,
98

Kagan, Robert,
277
,
344

Kalahari Desert,
59
,
78
,
79

Kalinga, Battle of,
71
,
108

Kant, Immanuel,
211
–
13
,
235
,
236
,
257
,
377

Kaplan, Robert,
359

Kashi,
108

Kassites,
97

Kautilya,
70
–
72

Kazakhstan,
94
,
96
,
330
,
363

Keegan, John,
21
,
66
,
104
,
249

Keeley, Lawrence,
13
,
15
,
18
,
21

Kennedy, John F.,
280
–
82
,
392

Keynes, John Maynard,
23

Keynesian economics,
45

KGB,
286

Khanna, Ayesha,
386

Khanna, Parag,
386

Khartoum,
348
–
49

Khoekhoe,
196

Khomeini, Ayatollah,
347

Khrushchev, Nikita,
280
,
281
,
329

Khubilai Khan,
144

Khwarizmian Empire,
143
,
144

Khyber Pass,
121

Kiha-a-Pi‘ilani, King of Maui,
149
,
151

Kim Il Sung,
279

King, Rodney,
46
–
47
,
52

Kipling, Rudyard,
35
,
165
–
67
,
224
,
228
,
231
,
346

Kirch, Patrick,
150

Kitchener, Herbert,
351

Komarów, Battle of,
259

Königsberg,
213

Korea,
140
,
141
,
152
,
166
,
170
,
176
,
262
; immigrants to Japan from,
150
–
51
;
see also
North Korea; South Korea

Korean War,
115
,
279
,
356

Kosala,
108

Kosovo,
344

Krepinevich, Andrew,
81

Kruger, Paul,
352

Kurds,
350

Kurosawa, Akira,
151

Kursk, Battle of,
270
,
270

Kurzweil, Ray,
380
–
83
,
389
–
90

Kushan Empire,
115
,
121
,
126
,
129
,
132

Kuwait,
81
,
347

Kyrgyzstan,
330

Kyushu,
150
,
151

laagers
,
172
,
182

Lagash,
45
,
90
–
91
,
91

Lahore, maharaja of,
167

Lake Boyang, Battle of,
169
–
70

Laos,
282

Latvia,
330

law, rule of,
16
,
133
,
180
,
184
,
269
; of British raj in India,
230
; in China,
69
,
72
,
73
,
106
; in Mauryan Empire,
70
–
73
; and rise of capitalism,
190
,
207
,
209
; in Roman Empire,
24
,
41
,
48
,
73
; of stationary bandits,
87

law and order,
17
–
18
,
101
,
206
,
276
; collapse of,
128
,
160
,
198
,
229

Lay Down Your Arms
(Suttner),
234

League of Nations,
257
–
58
,
261
,
274

Lebanon,
101
,
350

Lebensraum
,
24
,
264

Leipzig, Battle of,
214

Lenin, V. I.,
258

Leofwyne,
135

Leviathan
(Hobbes),
16
,
201

Leviathans,
16
–
19
,
23
–
25
,
163
,
184
,
327
,
387
; in Africa,
153
–
54
; ancient,
39
,
40
,
67
,
97
–
98
,
100
,
152
,
159
,
202
–
203
(see
also specific empires
); and cyclic nature of productive war,
92
–
93
,
97
–
98
,
100
,
102
,
130
; farming and origins of,
75
,
87
; European imperialist,
202
–
203
(see also
British Empire); international open-access order of,
209
–
10
; in Middle Ages,
131
,
132
,
136
,
139
,
147
,
151
; piracy and,
180
; resistance of early United States to,
213
–
14
; stationary banditry of,
44
,
320

Libya,
35
,
99
,
100
,
345
,
349
–
50

Liddell Hart, Basil,
11
,
264
–
65
,
395
n
Light Brigade,
183

Lincoln, Abraham,
241
,
318
,
385

Lithuania,
330

living standards,
278
,
363
; rising,
9
,
43
,
72
,
168
,
357

Livy,
383

Lloyd George, David,
237
,
255
,
257

logistics,
82
,
84
,
144
,
160
,
268

London,
40
,
190
,
191
,
197
,
219
; commercial interests in, 199–200; German bombing of,
54

London School of Economics,
242

Lord of the Flies, The
(Golding),
52
–
53
,
57
,
59
,
60
,
80
,
291

Los Angeles,
46
–
47
; riots in,
47

Los Dogues (Spain),
90

Louis XIV, King of France,
190
,
401
n

Louis XVI, King of France,
206
,
212

lucky latitudes,
75
,
75
,
88
,
157
,
321
; chariots in,
95
–
98
; domestication of plants and animals in,
76
–
77
,
94
,
317
; emigration from,
150
,
152
,
154
; farming and caging in,
77
–
80
,
104
,
111
,
318
,
334
–
35
; hunter-gatherers in,
76
; in Middle Ages,
131
,
131
–
34
,
139
,
145
–
46
,
172
,
178
; nomadic raids in,
120
,
143
–
45
,
162
; productive war in,
80
–
81
,
109
,
147
,
151
,
175
,
183
,
336
; revolutions in military affairs in,
82
,
85
,
142
–
43
,
335
–
36
; spread of ideas in,
158
–
59
,
161
–
62

Ludendorff, Erich von,
252
,
254
,
255
,
264

Lugi,
27

Luoyang (China),
128
,
139

Luttwak, Edward,
10
–
11
,
114
,
359

Maastricht Treaty,
343

Macao,
218

Macedonia,
51
,
107

Machiavelli, Niccolò,
173

Mackinder, Halford,
242
–
43
,
243
,
262
–
63
,
344
,
345
,
359
,
363

MacLeod, Ken,
380

“Mad Bandit,”
141
–
42

Maddison, Angus,
233
Madeira,
178

Madras,
199

Magadha,
108

magnetic compasses,
177

Magyars,
137

Mahabharata
,
94
,
96
,
108

Ma‘ilikukahi, King of Oahu,
149

Malacca,
193
,
196
,
197
; Strait of,
355
,
356

malaria,
195
,
196
,
220

Malaya,
228

Mali,
349
,
350
,
372

Malthus, Thomas,
216

Mamluks,
145

Manchuria,
169
,
169
,
261
,
263

Mandalgarh, siege of,
166
,
170

Manhattan,
195

Mann, Michael,
80

“Man Who Would Be King, The” (Kipling),
165
–
67

Maori,
219

Mao Zedong,
23
,
269
,
279
,
285
,
356
,
357
,
359
,
391

Mapungubwe,
154

Marcellinus, Ammianus,
126

Marcomanni,
123

Marcomannic War,
124
n

Marcus Aurelius,
123
,
123
–
24
,
125
,
127

Mardonius,
64
–
66

Marie Antoinette, Queen of France,
212

Marj Dabiq, Battle of,
177

Markram, Henry,
381

Martin, George R. R.,
396
n

Martinet, Jean,
188

Marx, Karl,
279

Massachusetts,
195
,
219
,
221

mass destruction, weapons of,
85
;
see also
nuclear weapons

mass production,
221

Matrix
movies,
379

Maui,
149
–
51

maula
,
107

Mauritania,
228

Mauryan Empire,
67
,
67
,
81
,
146
,
202
,
322
,
323
; elephants used in warfare by,
107
–
108
,
376
; fall of,
93
; fortified cities of,
72
; housing in,
73
–
74
; iron weapons of,
232
; treatise on statecraft of,
70
–
71
,
106
,
107
; violent death rate in,
109
–
11

Maxim gun,
221

Maya,
157

Mead, Margaret,
53
–
55
,
57
–
58
,
60
,
82
,
83
,
232
,
291
–
92
,
377

Measure of Civilization, The
(Morris),
109
,
203
,
378

Mecca,
178

Mediterranean Basin,
104

Megasthenes,
71
–
73

Megiddo, Battle of,
98
Mein Kampf
(Hitler),
264

mercenaries,
99
,
201
,
210
,
212

Merneptah, Pharaoh,
100

Meroë,
152

Merrimack
(ironclad ship),
221

Mersin,
85

Mesoamerica,
68
,
74
–
75
,
156
,
157
,
159
–
61
,
193

Mesopotamia,
156
,
158
,
256

Mexico,
67
,
150
,
156
,
157
,
159
–
62
,
219
,
251
; cultivation and domestication of plants in,
77
,
88
,
159

Miami Indians,
210

Michigan, University of, Ann Arbor,
54

Micronesia,
148

Middle Ages,
12

migrations,
99
–
100
,
149
,
154
,
232
,
233
; diseases spread by,
127
–
28
; farming and,
78
,
147
,
150
,
152
–
53
,
161
; of peasants in cities,
334
; steppe,
122
,
130
,
133
–
34
,
333
,
337