The Sultan and the Queen: The Untold Story of Elizabeth and Islam (60 page)

as joint-stock company, 3, 31, 34, 104

and Persian trade, 44, 45, 68, 73

and Russian trade, 31, 45, 46, 104

and Sherley, 248, 249, 251

as unprofitable, 53–54, 73, 104

“Muslim”:

use of term, 5, 20, 164, 276

see also
Islam

Mustafa, Prince, 39, 51

Nashe, Thomas, 158

The Terrors of the Night,
180

Nasr, Mulay al-, 168

Nelson, John, 138

Newberry, John, 119

New World, 291, 297

Norris, Sir John, 153–54, 166–67, 168, 181, 230

northwest passage, 29

Nurbanu Sultan, 4, 72, 95

Okri, Ben, 276

Order of the Garter, 13, 16

Orthodox Church, 19

Osborne, Sir Edward, 74, 84, 97, 104, 113, 119

Ottoman Empire:

alliance of England and, 8, 9, 53, 65–66, 93, 183, 185–86

alliance of France and, 9, 93

and Battle of Lepanto, 64–65, 146

and Battle of Rabat-i-Pariyan, 238

and Capitulations,
see
Capitulations

collapse of, 96

conflict with Persian Empire, 36, 39, 47, 48, 73, 142, 146, 171

decline of, 298–99

English captives in, 92, 94–95, 100, 118, 122–23, 134

extent of, 3, 5–6, 9, 20, 226

gift exchange with, 185–86, 218–19, 221–22

history of, 271–72

invasion of Hungary, 186, 203–4, 217

and “Memorandum on the Turkey Trade,” 82–83, 96

Morocco vs., 7, 63

Murad as sultan of, 3–4

peace treaty with Spain, 96–97

Persian treaties with, 237

rise of, 21, 25–26, 72

Shi’a opposition to, 37, 38

spies in, 118–19

trade with England, 3, 4–5, 40, 41, 53, 73–75, 88–92, 96–97, 101, 103, 112–14, 117–19, 186, 203, 204–5

trade with Europe, 25–26

trade with Venice, 9, 25, 47, 62, 72

war with Habsburgs, 186–87, 204

writing (script) in, 89

Ottoman Turks, 46

Ovid,
Metamorphoses,
187

Pageant of the Shearmen and Taylors, The
(mystery play), 212–13

Pannemaker, William de, 17–18

Parry, William, 234, 237, 239, 240–41, 245

Parsons, Robert, 253

Pasha, Ahmad, 117

Peace of Amasya, 48, 51

Peele, George, 272, 298

Battle of Alcazar,
163–65, 166, 189, 210–11

and Portugal Expedition, 166–67

The Turkish Mahamet and Hiren the Fair Greek,
210

Persia:

alliance of England and, 8, 54, 233

and Battle of Rabat-i-Pariyan, 238

conflict with Ottoman Empire, 36, 39, 47, 48, 73, 142, 146, 171

Safavid dynasty of, 31, 35–36, 45, 47–48, 53, 70, 237, 240

Timurid dynasty of, 37

trade rights with, 41, 44–45, 53, 68, 73, 113, 114–16

treaties with Ottoman Empire, 237

Persian carpets, 206

“Persians,” use of term, 5

Peter
(ship), 95

Philip, King of England, and trade agreements, 31, 41

Philip, Prince, marriage to Mary Tudor, 13–16, 18, 28, 57

Philip I, King of Portugal and the Algarve, 81, 83, 93

Philip II, King of Spain and the Netherlands, 50, 126

and Anglo-Islam relations, 112–13, 123–24, 145

death of, 236, 258

and Elizabeth, 33–34, 60, 61, 76

enmity of England and, 65, 123–24, 129, 141, 142–43, 152–53, 168

and France, 181–82

and Mansur, 152–53, 168, 195

and Murad, 95–96, 142–43

and popes, 61–62, 63, 65, 70

and Portugal, 75, 80–81, 83, 125, 233

and St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 61–62

and Spanish Armada, 123–24, 129, 148–49

Philip III, King of Spain, 236, 253, 254, 273, 292

Pinçon, Abel, 234, 238–39, 245, 246

Pius V, Pope:

death of, 72

Elizabeth excommunicated by, 3, 8, 59–62, 65, 68, 76, 92

and Holy League, 64, 65, 70, 72

and Ireland, 76

Plato,
Republic,
241

Pliny, 281, 286

Pococke, Edward, 298

Polo, Marco, 29

Portugal:

Anglo-Portuguese-Moroccan alliance (proposed), 150, 152

Anglo-Portuguese treaty, 65, 66

annexed by Spain, 233

and anti-Ottoman alliance, 38, 39

and Barbary trade, 56, 57–58

and Battle of Alcazar, 77–79, 80

colonies of, 28, 57, 75

Don António’s claim to throne of, 80–81, 125, 129, 146, 149, 153–54, 167–68, 169

House of Avis, 79

Lisbon Inquisition, 128

trade partners of, 75

Portugal Expedition, 153–54, 166–68, 181

Pory, John,
A Geographical Historie of Africa,
268, 282

Powell, Thomas, 247

Prannell, Henry, 271

Purchas, Samuel, 5, 228–29

Queen Elizabeth’s Men, 107

Queen Mary Atlas, 31–32

Qur’an, 19, 20, 149, 207

and St. George/Al Khidr, 213

in theatrical works, 6, 161

translations of, 21–22, 24, 298

Rabkin, Norman, 212

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 194, 231

History of the World,
180

Ramadan Pasha, Kaid, 122

Reformation, 13, 15, 27, 35, 191, 299

Reis, Yusuf, 297

Renard, Simon, 14

Robert of Ketton, 21–22

Roberts, Henry, 125–30, 145, 147–51, 154–55, 175

Roberts, Sir Lewis, 290

Roman Inquisition, 99, 101, 103

Rome, fall of, 19

Rose Theatre, 106, 107, 156, 163, 178, 187

Ross, Sir Edward Denison, 229–30

Rowlie, Samson, 10, 138–39

Royal Exchange, 68

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 249–51, 291

Rurik dynasty, 246

Russia:

Jenkinson in, 41–42, 43–44, 46–47, 53, 54

trade route via, 30–31, 45, 112

trade with England, 31, 44, 53, 104

Rymer, Thomas, 275–76

Sa’adian dynasty, 56, 58, 63, 66, 67, 126, 259

Sadeler, Aegidius, 249

Safavi, Sheik Ismail, 38

Safavid dynasty, 31, 35–36, 45, 47–48, 53, 70, 237, 240

Safiye Sultan, 4, 72, 86–87, 182, 185–86, 203, 218–19, 221–23, 248

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, 61

Saldanha, Antonio de, 126

Salomon Aben Yaèx, 202–3

Sampsonia (Teresa), 292

Sanders, Thomas, 122, 138

Sanderson, John, 206

Saracens:

division of, 272

use of term, 5, 20, 21

Sardanapalus, 170

Sebastian I, King of Portugal, 67, 75–80, 164, 240, 245

Sebastianism, 80

Selim, son of Süleyman, 51

Selim I, Sultan, 38, 172–73

Selim II, Sultan, 63–64, 72, 279

Shakespeare, William, 111, 298

Antony and Cleopatra,
276

authorship of plays, 256

Comedy of Errors,
206, 226

Hamlet,
7, 226, 274, 275, 288

Henry IV,
208–11

Henry V,
211–17, 225, 288

Henry VI,
178–81, 189, 208, 216, 293

King Lear,
7, 173, 274

King Richard II,
208–10

Macbeth,
7, 119, 274

Merchant of Venice,
195–201

Othello,
7–8, 274–89, 296

retirement of, 290

Richard III,
165, 208

and
Sir Thomas More,
293–95

The Taming of the Shrew,
206

The Tempest,
295–97

Titus Andronicus,
187–93, 273, 277

Twelfth Night,
225–27, 256, 275

Shaykh, Mulay al-, 168

Sherley, Sir Anthony, 227–56

and Abbas, 10, 237–45, 246, 252, 292

and arts of war, 229

characteristics of, 230, 232, 244

crimes of, 229–30, 231–32, 255

death of, 293

erratic behavior of, 231, 245–47, 248–49, 253–56, 292–93

exile of, 231, 244, 249, 256, 291–93

honors to, 230–31

in Italy, 251–54

later years of, 292–93

marriage of, 231

memoirs of, 230, 233, 240, 293

in Moscow, 246–47

and Persian expedition, 233–45, 248

in Prague, 249–51, 292

self-promotion by, 229, 230–31, 239, 240, 247–49

and Shakespeare’s plays, 225, 227, 255–56

travels of, 230, 231, 232–33, 234–36, 245–46, 250–55

Sherley, Sir Robert (brother), 227–29, 234, 235, 245, 247, 255, 292–93

Sherley, Sir Thomas (brother), 230, 234–35, 255, 270, 291, 292

Sherley, Sir Thomas (father), 228, 229, 230, 231–32, 234

Shrewsbury, Francis Talbot, Earl of, 13

Shrewsbury, John Talbot, Earl of, 179

Shylock (fict.), 196–200

Sidney, Sir Philip,
Defense of Poesy,
205

Silk Road, 35

Sinan, Mimar, 85

Sinan Pasha, Koca, 102

Sinzendorf, Joachim von, 88–89

Sixtus V, Pope, 123, 148

Siyavuş Pasha, Kanijeli, 117