The Sultan and the Queen: The Untold Story of Elizabeth and Islam (51 page)

2
. E. Delmar Morgan and C. H. Coote, eds.,
Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia by Anthony Jenkinson and Other Englishmen,
2 vols. (London: Hakluyt Society, 1886), vol. 2, p. 341.

3
. Anthony Jenkinson, “The Manner of the Entering of Süleyman the Great Turk with his Army into Aleppo,” in ibid., vol. 1, pp. 1–5.

4
. Quoted in Palmira Brummett, “The Myth of Shah Ismail Safavi: Political Rhetoric and ‘Divine’ Kingship,” in
Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam,
ed. John Tolan (New York: Routledge, 2000), pp. 331–59; at p. 343.

5
. Quoted in Max Scherberger, “The Confrontation Between Sunni and Shi’i Empires: Ottoman-Safavid Relations Between the Fifteenth and the Seventeenth Century,” in
The Sunna and Shi’a in History,
ed. Ofra Bengio and Meir Litvak (New York: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 51–68; at p. 55.

6
. Quoted in Palmira Brummett,
Ottoman Seapower and Levantine Diplomacy
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), p. 36.

7
. Quoted in ibid., p. 29.

8
. Ibid.

9
. Morgan and Coote,
Early Voyages and Travels to Russia,
vol. 1, pp. 5–6.

10
. Hakluyt, vol. 1, p. 390.

11
. Morgan and Coote,
Early Voyages and Travels to Russia,
vol. 1, p. 30.

12
. Ibid., pp. 58, 97.

13
. Ibid., pp. 84–85.

14
. Ibid., pp. 87–88.

15
. Ibid., p. 93.

16
. Ibid., p. 97.

17
. Ibid., pp. 108–9.

18
. Ibid., p. 58.

19
. Daryl Palmer,
Writing Russia in the Age of Shakespeare
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), p. 54.

20
. Morgan and Coote,
Early Voyages and Travels to Russia,
vol. 1, pp. 112–13.

21
. Ibid., pp. 113–14.

22
. Ibid., p. 125.

23
. Ibid., p. 126.

24
. Ibid., pp. 143, 133.

25
. Ibid., p. 140.

26
. Kathryn Babayan,
Mystics, Monarchs, and Messiahs: Cultural Landscapes of Early Modern Iran
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002), pp. 295–348.

27
. Jean-Do Brignoli, “Princely Safavid Gardens: Stage for Rituals and of Imperial Display and Political Legitimacy,” in
Middle East Garden Traditions: Unity and Diversity,
ed. Michael Conan (Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 2007), pp. 113–39.

28
. Morgan and Coote,
Early Voyages and Travels to Russia,
vol. 1, pp. 153–54.

29
. Ibid., pp. 145–47.

30
. Colin P. Mitchell, “Am I My Brother’s Keeper? Negotiating Corporate Sovereignty and Divine Absolutism in Sixteenth-Century Turco-Iranian Politics,” in
New Perspectives on Safavid Iran,
ed. Colin P. Mitchell (London: Routledge, 2011), pp. 33–58.

31
. Morgan and Coote,
Early Voyages and Travels to Russia,
vol. 1, pp. 144, 148.

32
. Ibid., pp. 149–50.

33
. Ibid., pp. 155–56.

34
. Kenneth Andrews,
Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 76–86; Jane Grogan,
The Persian Empire in English Renaissance Writing, 1549–1622
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2014), pp. 20–21.

35
. Andrea Bernadette, “Elizabeth I and Persian Exchanges,” in
The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I,
ed. Charles Beem (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 169–99; at pp. 184–85. Ippolyta appears to have had an important influence upon female portraiture of the time, including Marcus Gheeraerts’s mysterious painting known as
The Persian Lady,
c. 1590.

36
. Quoted in Morgan and Coote,
Early Voyages and Travels to Russia,
vol. 1, p. cxlix.

Chapter 3: The Battle for Barbary

1
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, p. 32.

2
. Ibid., p. 34.

3
. T. S. Willan,
Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959), pp. 98–99.

4
. Ibid., pp. 113, 314.

5
. CSPF, vol. 5,
1562,
no. 103, p. 54.

6
. “Garrard, Sir William (c. 1510–1571),” ODNB.

7
. Quoted in Gustav Ungerer, “Portia and the Prince of Morocco,”
Shakespeare Studies
31 (2003), pp. 89–126; at p. 100.

8
. Quoted in Willan,
Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade,
p. 127.

9
. “Felton, John (d. 1570), Roman Catholic Martyr,” ODNB.

10
. “The Bull of Excommunication, 1570,” in
Tudor Constitutional Documents, 1485–1603,
ed. J. R. Tanner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922), pp. 143–46.

11
. “Felton, John,” ODNB.

12
. Robert Horne, Bishop of Winchester,
An Answeare Made by Rob. Bishoppe of Wynchester, to a Booke entituled, The Declaration of svche Scruples, and staies of Conscience, touchinge the Othe of the Supremacy, as M. Iohn Fekenham, by wrytinge did deliuer vnto the L. Bishop of Winchester, with his Resolutions made thereunto . . .
(London, 1566), p. 102v.

13
. Nate Probasco, “Queen Elizabeth’s Reaction to the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre,” in
The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I,
ed. Charles Beem (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 77–100.

14
. Quoted in Sophia Menache,
Clement V
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 106.

15
. Jerry Brotton and Lisa Jardine,
Global Interests: Renaissance Art Between East and West
(London: Reaktion, 2000); Christine Isom-Verhaaren,
Allies with the Infidel: The Ottoman and French Alliance in the Sixteenth Century
(London: I. B. Tauris, 2011).

16
. Andrew C. Hess, “The Moriscos: An Ottoman Fifth Column in Sixteenth-Century Spain,”
American Historical Journal
74, no. 1 (1968), pp. 1–25.

17
. Andrew C. Hess,
The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Ibero-African Frontier
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978), pp. 85–90.

18
. For the best recent account of the battle placed in the context of Christian-Islamic exchanges, see Noel Malcolm,
Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-Century Mediterranean World
(London: Allen Lane, 2015), pp. 151–74.

19
. Quoted in Benjamin Paul, “‘And the moon has started to bleed’: Apocalyptism and Religious Reform in Venetian Art at the Time of the Battle of Lepanto,” in
The Turk and Islam in the Western Eye, 1450–1750,
ed. James G. Harper (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011), pp. 67–94; at p. 69.

20
. Raphael Holinshed,
The Third Volume of Chronicles
(London, 1587), pp. 1226–27.

21
. Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques des Pays Bas et de l’Angleterre sous le règne de Philippe II,
11 vols. (Louvain, 1882–1900), vol. 6, p. 225.

22
. Letters of William Herle Project, Center for Editing Lives and Letters, www.livesandletters.ac.uk; transcript ID: HRL/002/HTML/022.

23
. Kenneth Andrews,
Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 111.

24
. Castries, vol. 1, p. 201.

25
. Ibid.

26
. Ibid., p. 202.

27
. Ibid., pp. 204–5.

28
. Ibid., pp. 212–13.

29
. Ibid., pp. 226–27.

30
. CSPF, vol. 12,
1577–1578
, August 9, 1577, no. 94, p. 68.

31
. Quoted in Andrew C. Hess, “The Battle of Lepanto and Its Place in Mediterranean History,”
Past and Present
57 (1972), pp. 53–73; at p. 54.

32
. Quoted in Susan A. Skilliter,
William Harborne and the Trade with Turkey, 1578–1582: A Documentary Study of the First Anglo-Ottoman Relations
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 37.

33
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 51.

34
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
pp. 1–2.

35
. “Stucley, Thomas (c. 1520–1578),” ODNB.

36
. Charles Edelman, ed.,
Three Stukeley Plays
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005), p. 7.

37
. Quoted in Susan Iwanisziw, “England, Morocco, and Global Geopolitical Upheaval,” in
Envisioning an English Empire,
ed. Robert Applebaum and John Sweet (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005), pp. 152–71; at p. 163.

38
. John Polemon,
The Second Part of the Booke of Battailes, Fought in Our Age Taken out of the Best Authors and Writers in Sundrie Languages
(London, 1587), p. 79.

39
. E. W. Bovill,
The Battle of Alcazar: An Account of the Defeat of Don Sebastian of Portugal at El-Ksar El-Kebir
(London: Batchworth, 1952), p. 97.

40
. Edelman,
Stukeley Plays,
p. 15.

41
. Polemon,
Booke of Battailes,
p. 86.

42
. Bovill,
Battle of Alcazar,
p. 145.

Chapter 4: An Apt Man in Constantinople

1
. Quoted in Susan A. Skilliter,
William Harborne and the Trade with Turkey, 1578–1582: A Documentary Study of the First Anglo-Ottoman Relations
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), pp. 28–30.

2
. On Harborne’s life see “Harborne, William (
c.
1542–1617),” ODNB.

3
. Zeynep Çelik,
The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), pp. 22–29.

4
. Emine Fetvaci,
Picturing History at the Ottoman Court
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013), pp. 43–46.

5
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
p. 45.

6
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 51.

7
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
pp. 62–64.

8
. Ibid., p. 63.

9
. Ibid., p. 49.