The Sleepwalkers (264 page)

Authors: Arthur Koestler

BOOK: The Sleepwalkers

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March
1955-May 1958

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The
author
wishes
to
thank
the
following
for
permission
to
quote
from
various
works:
Messrs.
Sheed
&
Ward,
London
(
The
Confessions
of
St.
Augustine
,
translated
by
F.
J.
Sheed);
the
University
of
Chicago
Press
(
Dialogue
on
the
Great
World
Systems
,
by
Professor
Georgio
de
Santillana,
copyright
1953,
by
the
University
of
Chicago,
and
The
Crime
of
Galileo
,
also
by
Santillana,
copyright
1955,
by
the
University
of
Chicago);
Messrs.
Edward
Arnold
(Publishers)
Ltd.,
London
(
The
Waning
of
the
Middle
Ages
,
by
J.
Huizinga);
Columbia
University
Press,
New
York
(
Three
Copernican
Treatises
,
translated
by
Professor
E.
Rosen);
The
Johns
Hopkins
Press,
Baltimore
(
From
the
Closed
World
to
the
Infinite
Universe
,
by
Professor
Alexandre
Koyré);
Messrs.
Doubleday
&
Co.,
Inc.,
New
York
(
Discoveries
and
Opinions
of
Galileo
,
translated
by
Stillman
Drake,
copyright
©
1957,
by
Stillman
Drake);
Cambridge
University
Press
(
Science
and
the
Modern
World
,
by
A.
N.
Whitehead
);
Messrs.
Wm.
Collins,
Sons
&
Co.
Ltd.
and
The
Macmillan
Company,
New
York
(
The
Trail
of
the
Dinosaur
,
©,
by
Arthur
Koestler,
1955).

NOTES

PREFACE

A
Study
of
History,
Abridgement
of
Vols.
I-VI
by
D.
C.
Somervell
,
Oxford,
1947.
In
the
complete
ten-volume
edition
there
are
three
brief
references
to
Copernicus,
two
to
Galileo,
three
to
Newton,
none
to
Kepler.
All
references
are
by
way
of
asides.

Cf.
Insight
and
Outlook,
An
Inquiry
into
the
Common
Foundations
of
Science,
Art
and
Social
Ethics
,
London
and
New
York,
1949.

PART
ONE THE HEROIC AGE

Part
1 Chapter I. DAWN

Ency.
Brit.
,
1955
ed.,
II-582c.

Ibid.,
II-582d.

F.
Sherwood
Taylor:
Science
Past
and
Present
(
London,
1949),
p.
13.

"From
the
beginning
of
the
reign
of
Nabonassar,
747
B.C.,"
Ptolemy
reported
some
900
years
later,
"we
possess
the
ancient
observations
continued
practically
to
the
present
day."
(
Th.
L.
Heath,
Greek
Astronomy
[
London
1932],
p.
xiv
f.)

The
Babylonian
observations,
incorporated
by
Hipparchus
and
Ptolemy
into
the
main
body
of
Greek
data,
were
still
an
indispensable
aid
to
Copernicus.

Plato,
Thaetetus
,
174
A.,
quoted
by
Heath,
op.
cit.,
p.
1.

Compressed
from
the
Fragments
,
quoted
i.a.
by
John
Burnet
,
Early
Greek
Philosophy
(
London,
1908),
p.
126
seq.

Ibid.,
p. 29.

Part
1 Chapter II. THE HARMONY OF THE SPHERES

Cf.
John
Burnet,
Greek
Philosophy
Part
I
Thales
to
Plato
(
London,
1914),
pp.
42,
54.

Aristoxenus
of
Tarentum,
Elements
of
Harmony
,
quoted
by
Burnet,
op.
cit.,
p.
41.
Aristoxenus,
a
fourth
cent.
peripatetic,
studied
under
the
Pythagoreans
and
Aristotle.

For
a
critical
evaluation
of
the
sources
on
Pythagoras
see
Burnet
Early
Greek
Philosophy
,
p.
91
seq.;
and
A.
Delatte,
Etudes
sur
la
Litterature
Pythagoricienne
(
Paris,
1915).
For
the
astronomy
of
the
Pythagoreans,
J.
L.
E.
Dreyer,
History
of
the
Planetary
Systems
from
Thales
to
Kepler
(
Cambridge,
1906)
and
Pierre
Duhem,
Le
Système
du
Monde
–
Histoire
des
Doctrines
Cosmologiques
de
Plato
à
Copernic
,
Vol.
I
(
Paris,
1913).