The Rocks Don't Lie: A Geologist Investigates Noah's Flood (42 page)

geology and, 169–70, 176–78

global distribution of, 168, 171–74

Greek, 158–59, 172

Hindu, 159–60, 171–72

of Moken sea gypsies, 8

Native American, 23–24, 29, 172, 212–14

oral transmission of, 176

Pacific tsunami, 8, 215–16

plausible reality of, 176

psychological hypotheses of, 168–69

Scandinavian, 214–15

similarities in, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 155–56, 157–59, 172

survivor heroes of, 146, 149, 152, 153–56, 157–60, 171, 174

Tibetan, 7, 14

tsunami, 8, 215–18

Florence, Italy, xiii, 58–63,
62,
132

Accademia del Cimento, 58–59

Folk-lore in the Old Testament
(Frazer), 172

fossil assemblages, 119–20, 124–25, 127, 196, 232, 233

fossil record, 118–20, 124–25, 132–33, 137, 243, 249

ecological zonation in, 196

flood geology and, 187–89, 191, 228–35, 243

fossils, xiii, 13, 29, 33–36, 57–63, 72, 79–91, 114, 125, 128–29, 130, 133, 185, 186–87, 191, 228, 229

ammonites, 80, 87, 89, 90, 189

ancient Greek view of, 34–36

apparent age doctrine applied to, 231

biogeography of, 240

comparative anatomy and, 88–89

coprolites, 212–13

coral reefs, 189, 234–35

curative powers attributed to, 57

diluvialist view of, 80–84, 122

English, 70–71, 80, 118

of extinct species, 27, 79–80, 87, 88–91, 243

fecal pellets, 33

fish, 81–82

formation of, 59–60

found in polar regions, 189

fraudulent, 264
n

“giant,” 82–87, 88, 137

in Grand Canyon, 16, 22–23, 24, 25, 26, 27

as growing in rocks, 41, 59

Homo diluvii testis,
82–84,
83

human, 122

of invertebrate burrows and tracks, 22–23, 25, 41, 231

Leonardo’s view of, 41–42

mammoth,
see
mammoths

marine, 26, 33–34, 68–69, 81–82, 118–19, 229

marine, in mountains, 12, 33–35, 41–42, 57–61, 70, 74, 80, 101, 173, 189, 253

as mineral oddities, 58, 81–82

as placed at Creation, 140, 231

plant, 73, 81, 82, 90

as proving global flood, 37, 38, 40, 42, 45, 91, 173

tongue stones, 57–60

trackways, 25, 181, 231

trilobites, 23, 33, 79, 91, 189, 229–30, 245

fossil succession, 90, 118–20, 124–25, 132–33, 187, 191, 194, 196, 229–30, 232–33, 243

France, 57–58, 86, 87–91, 98–101, 118–20, 130, 163–64

Auvergne region of, 131–33,
132,
135, 136

Frazer, James, 172–73

Freiberg Mining Academy, 101

French Revolution, 87–88, 109

Freud, Sigmund, 168–69

fundamentalism, xiii, 10, 182–98, 225–38, 255

biblical inerrancy doctrine of, 183–85, 188, 228, 237

communism opposed by, 236–37

evolution opposed by, 185, 186–87, 189–91

origins of, 182–84

reactionary, 248

sectarianism and, 183

self-imposed isolation of, 184–85, 189–90, 236

varying viewpoints in, 184, 188, 191, 193, 194–97, 236, 250–51

see also
creationism; flood geology

Fundamentals, The,
184

Galanopoulos, Angelos, 217–18

Galileo Galilei, 10, 46–50, 51, 53, 54, 58, 61, 74, 99, 100

Gallup Poll, 259
n

gap theory, 123, 184, 186, 188, 191, 236, 250

Garden of Eden, 169

dinosaurs in, 179, 180, 181

see also
Adam and Eve, story of

garnet, 17

Genesis, Book of, 34, 50, 74, 75–76, 82–83, 87, 106, 122, 133, 135, 139, 140, 152, 177, 188

brevity of, 252

as composite story, 160, 163–68

contradictions in, 163, 165–66, 190

figurative vs. literal interpretations of, 36–43, 44, 62, 65, 67–68, 89, 96–98, 100, 102, 109, 111, 120, 121, 123, 126–27, 128, 129–30, 131, 170, 187–88, 198, 250, 251–52

Jerome’s translation of, 39, 161, 162–63, 166–67

monotheism promoted by, 157, 168, 170–71, 251

names of God in, 164, 166

older sources of, 148, 157, 160, 164

repetitions in, 163, 164

stylistic analyses of, 164, 165

Genesis Flood, The
(Whitcomb and Morris), 227–39

geological eras, 109, 114, 118–10, 186, 188

Geological Essays
(Kirwan), 110–11

Geological Society of America, 205, 207, 260
n

Penrose Medal of, 210

Geological Society of London, 130, 139

Geological Society of Washington, DC, 206–7

Geological Survey, U.S., 207

geologic record, 17–29,
18,
21,
77, 82–84, 91, 120, 133, 141, 189, 230, 234, 249

deciphering, 19–21

in flood geology, 189, 228–35

oldest rocks in, 14, 18, 26

stratigraphic sequence of,
18,
20, 26, 60, 105, 128–29, 136, 189, 196, 209, 229, 232–34

geologic time, 16, 20, 34, 60–61, 88–91, 93–114, 115, 120, 132–37, 180, 186, 188, 189, 233, 239, 243, 249, 256–57

Aristotle’s cycle theory of, 35, 106, 110

biblical chronologies vs., 96–98, 109

Cuvier’s recognition of, 88–90

deep time concept of, 94, 103, 111, 114, 250

discovery of, 93–96, 102–14;
see also
Hutton, James

in Grand Canyon, 17,
18,
22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31

Werner’s theory of, 101

see also
dating methods

geology:

Appalachian, 195–96

basic principles of, 20, 54, 59–61, 64, 70, 77, 90, 191, 196

creationist view of, 180–82, 185;
see also
flood geology

development of, 29, 34, 53

field, 58, 60, 61, 81, 93–95, 101, 106–8, 111, 115–17, 118–20, 121, 123–25, 131–33, 196, 203–6, 209, 210

flood stories and, 169–70, 176–78

heretical, 203–4, 206–9

historical, 101, 226, 227

laboratory models of, 195–96

regional, 117–19

regional maps of, 118

scriptural, 140

Steno and,
see
Stensen, Niels “Steno”

geomorphology, 1

Getroz glacier, 119

“giants,” fossil, 82–87, 88, 137

Gilgamesh epic, 146, 154, 156

glacial ice dams, 119, 201–15,
208,
214

failures of, 4–7,
6,
207–15, 219, 248

of Lake Agassiz, 213–14,
214,
219

of Lake Missoula, 207–11,
208,
212–13

radiocarbon dating of, 211

glacial moraines, 4–5,
4,
6,
215

glaciations,
see
ice ages

glaciers, 91, 115, 119, 140, 180, 202, 204, 209

Glen Canyon dam, 16

Glen Tilt site, 106, 111

global positioning system (GPS), 260
n

graded bedding, 233–34

Graham, Billy, 198

Grand Canyon, 9, 10, 14, 15–29,
18,
59, 179, 181, 187, 229, 233

ancient catastrophic floods in, 28–29

Bright Angel Shale of, 22–23, 27

cliffs vs. ledges in, 24–25

Coconino Sandstone of, 25, 26, 27

creationist view of, 15–16, 22, 24–25, 26–28

discontinuities in, 16

fossils in, 16, 22–23, 24, 25, 26, 27

geologic time in, 17,
18,
22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31

Hermit Shale of, 25

Indian Gardens of, 22–23

Kaibab Limestone of, 26, 27

Muav Limestone of, 23–24, 27

posited canyon previous to, 28

radiometric dating of, 17–19, 28, 29

Redwall Limestone of, 24, 27

Supai Group of, 24

Tapeats Sandstone of, 19, 21–22,
21,
27

Toroweap Formation of, 26, 27

unconformities in, 21–22,
21,
23–24

Vishnu Schist of, 16–20, 21–22,
21,
31

Grand Canyon: A Different View
(Vail), 15–16, 260
n

Grand Coulee, 205

granite, 18, 31, 125, 202–3, 239

granite veins (dikes), 19, 20, 32, 105, 106–7

gravel, 3, 101, 115, 119, 121–22, 124, 125, 131,
132,
136, 139, 202, 205, 206, 209