| 4. Scholem, The Messianic Idea in Judaism, 1.
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| 5. Walter Benjamin, Reflections, trans. Edmund Jephcott (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978; rpt. New York: Schocken Books, 1986), 312.
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| 6. Ibid.
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| 7. Benjamin, Illuminations, 255.
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| 8. Ozick, Art and Ardor, 247.
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| 9. Cynthia Ozick, The Pagan Rabbi and Other Stories (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971; rpt. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1983), 42.
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| 10. Ibid., 96.
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| 11. Ibid.
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| 12. Ozick, Art and Ardor, 247.
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| 13. Barry W. Holtz succinctly defines and contrasts Halakhah and Aggadah: the former "refers to Jewish literature primarily concerned with law and codes of behavior," while the latter "is a looser and more wide-ranging term referring to narrative literature, parables, theological or ethical statements, and homilies. It is, one might say, a kind of 'imaginative' literature." Holtz, "Midrash," 178. For more thorough discussions of Aggadah, see Joseph Heinemann, "The Nature of the Aggadah," and Judah Goldin, ''The Freedom and Restraint of Haggadah," in Midrash and Literature, ed. Geoffrey H. Hartman and Sanford Budick (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), 4155, 5776.
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| 14. Benjamin, Illuminations, 143144.
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| 15. Goldin, "The Freedom and Restraint of Haggadah," 69.
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| 16. Tom Teicholz, "The Art of Fiction XCV: Cynthia Ozick," Paris Review 102 (1987): 167.
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