The Rise of Islamic State (13 page)

victims of Shia militias
xiii
,
13–14

Syria
ix–xii
,
xiv–xv
,
xvii–xx
,
1–4
,
7–10
,
12–4
,
24–8
,
33–8
,
41–7
,
49–53
,
71–3
,
79–95
,
97–9
,
103–6
,
108–14
,
116–17
,
121–5
,
127
,
129–33
,
135
,
137–8
,
140–5
,
147–9
,
151–61
,
163–4

conditions in
x
,
xvii
,
xviii
,
xx
,
1–3
,
7
,
9
,
10
,
25–7
,
33–8
,
41–7
,
49–53
,
71–2
,
79–84
,
89–95
,
97–8
,
103–4
,
108–10
,
114
,
121–5
,
129
,
130–3
,
135
,
140–4
,
147–9
,
153–6

ISIS assaults on
ix
,
xi
,
xii
,
xviii
–
xix
,
13
,
25
,
26
,
27
,
33
,
36
,
46
,
47
,
131–2
,
148
,
151
,
153–4
,
159–61

government forces
xvii
,
xviii
,
33
,
82
,
87–91
,
121
,
148
,
151
,
161

inter-rebel civil war
xii
,
xviii
,
46
,
50
,
86
,
87–8
,
91

opposition groups
3
,
34
,
49
,
51
,
72
,
73
,
84
,
85
,
86
,
98
,
103–6
,
109
,
130–1
,
135
,
142
,
149
,
151
,
157
,
163

uprising
33
,
44
,
45
,
47
,
69
,
79–95
,
137

Tabqa (Syria)
xviii

Tahrir Square (Egypt)
132

Taji prison
74

Taliban
5
,
54
,
58
,
62
,
85
,
98
,
101
,
102
,
104
,
112
,
113
,
115

Tal Kalakh (Syria)
121

al-Tamimi, Aymenn
30
,
34

Tigris
12
,
20
,
41
,
42

Tikrit (Iraq)
xiv
,
1
,
13
,
17
,
18
,
19
,
25
,
29
,
39
,
43
,
49
,
63
,
129

Thirty Years’ War
94

Tunisia
6
,
83
,
87
,
126
,
131

Turkey
xix
,
7
,
9
,
34
,
35
,
37
,
42
,
50
,
51
,
69
,
77
,
82
,
86
,
92
,
103
,
141
,
148
,
151
,
152
,
154
,
156
,
157
,
158–9
,
160

United Arab Emirates
xix
,
7
,
9
,
34
,
85
,
102
,
105
,
156

United States
x–xvi
,
xviii–xx
,
1–4
,
7–9
,
12
,
14–15
,
18
,
23–7
,
33–5
,
37–8
,
44–6
,
48
,
52–9
,
66–7
,
70–1
,
73
,
77
,
86–7
,
92
,
94–5
,
100–2
,
104–6
,
114–16
,
119
,
126
,
138
,
143–6
,
148
,
150
,
152–7
,
159–61

and Assad
xix–xx
,
3
,
8
,
26
,
52
,
86–7
,
92
,
105
,
161

and Iran
x
,
xiv–xv
,
100

and Saudi Arabia
4
,
7
,
56–7
,
58
,
86
,
94
,
100–2
,
104
,
105
,
106
,
138

attacks on ISIS
x
,
xi–xii
,
xv
,
xvi
,
xviii
,
7
,
23–4
,
25
,
27
,
34–5
,
37
,
146
,
152–3
,
156
,
159
,
160

backing rebel groups
26
,
33–4
,
52–3
,
54
,
73
,
161

in Iraq
x–xvi
,
1
,
8
,
9
,
14
,
24
,
25
,
33
,
34
,
42
,
44
,
45
,
48
,
53
,
59
,
66
,
67
,
70
,
114–16
,
124
,
126
,
138
,
143
,
146
,
152–6

“troop surge”
xvi
,
12

Vietnam
143

Visser, Reidar
24

al-Waer (Syria)
90

Wahhabism
4
,
5–6
,
9
,
71
,
99–100
,
107–8
,
109

war on terror
2–3
,
4
,
7
,
8
,
38
,
56
,
58
,
59

Wing, Joel
154

Yarmouk Brigade
52–3

Yazidi
xv
,
34
,
75
,
151

Yemen
83
,
127
,
131

Younis (Jonah) shrine
36

Zahraa (Syria)
93
,
149

Zaitouneh, Razan
79–80

Zardari, Asif Ali
102

al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab
42

al-Zawahiri, Ayman
43
,
52

Zeidan, Ali
113

al-Zughbi, Mohammad
130