The Queen's Bed: An Intimate History of Elizabeth's Court (66 page)

10
Harington,
A Tract on the Succession to the Crown
, p. 44.

11
G. Adlard,
Amye Robsart and the Earl of Leycester
(London, 1870), pp. 56–7; Dudley Papers, III, fol. 209.

12
Murdin (ed.),
Burghley’s State Papers
, pp. 436–7.

13
TNA SP 78/13/86.

14
CSP Foreign
, 1584–5, p. 400.

15
TNA SP 78/13/86.

16
TNA SP 78/15/2.

17
CSP Foreign
, 1584–5, p. 19.

18
Peck (ed.), ‘The Letter of Estate’, p. 23.

19
Ibid., p. 20.

20
Ibid., pp. 29–30.

21
Ibid., p. 30.

22
Ibid.

23
Dudley Papers, III, fol. 209.

24
CP 133/68 printed in Murdin (ed.),
Burghley’s State Papers
, p. 559.

25
It has been suggested that the congenital defect to which contemporaries referred was ‘testicular feminisation syndrome’ which made her sterile. See R. Bakan, ‘Queen Elizabeth I: A case of testicular feminisation’,
Medical Hypotheses
1985, July 17(3), pp. 277–84.

26
CP 133/68.

Chapter 38: Especial Favour

  
1
‘Journey of Von Wedel’, pp. 262–5.

  
2
Ibid.

  
3
Calendar of the Carew manuscripts preserved in the Archepiscopal Library at Lambeth
, 6 vols (London, 1867–73), II, pp. 235–7.

  
4
Longleat House, Thynne Papers, vol. V, 1574–1603, fol. 254.

  
5
‘Journey of Von Wedel’, pp. 262–5.

  
6
TNA SP 12/182/41.

  
7
Haynes,
Burghley State Papers
, p. x.

  
8
M. Waldman,
Elizabeth and Leicester
(London, 1946), p. 185.

  
9
CSP Dom
, I, viii, p. 403.

10
Bruce,
Correspondence of Robert Dudley
, pp. 112, 144.

Chapter 39: The Deed Shall Be Done

  
1
For Savage’s oath see in T. B. Howell,
State Trials
, 1, pp. 129–31. Read,
Mr Secretary Walsingham
, III, pp. 18–22.

  
2
Alexandre Teulet,
Relations Politiques de la France et de l’Espagne avec l’Ecosse au XVIe siècle,
vols 1–3 (Paris, 1862), p. 348;
CSP Span
, 1580–6, pp. 603–8.

  
3
Howell,
State Trials
, vol. I, pp. 1, 139.

  
4
CSP Span
, 1580–6, p. 588; Thomas Morgan writing from Paris a week later (9 July) described something similar: ‘That Queen (Elizabeth) going of late to her Churche, was in the Way sodanelye stricken with some great Fear, that she returned to her Chamber, to the Admiration of all that were present,’ Murdin,
Burghley’s State Papers
, p. 529.

  
5
TNA SP 53/19/12; CP 15/59, list of papers relevant to Babington’s conspiracy.

  
6
Printed in Pollen, ‘Papal Negotiations with Mary Queen of Scots’, pp. 38–45.

  
7
TNA SP 53/18/61.

  
8
TNA SP 53/18/55.

  
9
TNA SP 12/250/61.

10
TRP
II, 525–6.

11
TNA SP 53/19/38.

12
TNA SP 53/19/24.

13
See Pollen, ‘Papal Negotiations with Mary Queen of Scots’, pp. clxx-clxxiii.

14
Thomas Deloney,
A Most Joyfull Songe Made in the Behalfe Of All Her Maiesties Faithfull and Loving Subiects Of the Great Joy Which Was Made in London At the Taking Of the Late Trayterous Conspirators
(London, 1586).

15
The True Copie of a Letter from the Queenes Maiestie, to the Lord Maior of London, and His Brethren Conteyning a Most Gracious Acceptation of the Great Joy Which Her Subjectes Tooke Upon the Apprehension of Divers Persons, Detected of Most Wicked Conspiracies, Read Openly in a Great Assemblie of the Commons in the Guidhall of that Citie, the 22 day of August 1586
(London, 1586), sig. Aii.

16
See BL Add. MS 48027, fols 296r–313r. Pollen, ‘Papal Negotiations with Mary Queen of Scots’, pp. 49–97.

17
BL Egerton MS 2124, fol. 28r-v. Conyers Read,
The Bardon Papers: Documents relating to the imprisonment and trial of Mary Queen of Scots
(London, 1909), p. 45.

18
BL Egerton MS 2124, fol. 28r–v.

19
BL Add. MS 48027, fols 263r–271v and BL Harley 290, fols 170r–173v.

20
BL Harleian MS 290, fol. 187r.

21
BL Add. MS 48027, fol. 569r, printed in Howell,
State Trials
, I, pp. 1166–9.

22
BL Add. MS 48027, fol. 569v.

23
Simonds D’Ewes,
The journals of all the parliaments during the reign of Queen Elizabeth both of the House of Lords and House of Commons
(London, 1682), pp. 97–8.

24
Quoted in Neale,
Elizabeth I and her Parliaments
, II, p. 113.

25
Ibid., p. 194;
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
, p. 189.

Chapter 40: Blow Up the Bed

  
1
TNA SP 12/197 fols 15, 42, 24, 41, 40, 46, 48, 50; TNA SP 15/30 fol. 17. CP 14/44 printed in
HMC Salisbury
, III, p. 214.

  
2
CP 15/77 printed in
HMC Salisbury
, III, p. 233;
CSP Dom
, 1581–90, pp. 379–80;
CSP Dom Addenda
, 1580–1625, pp. 199–202 and
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, pp. 13, 14, 82.

  
3
BL Kings MS 119, fol. 50; TNA SP 12/197 fols 9, 41. BL Cotton MS Galba E VI, fol. 333.
CSP Dom
, 1581–90, pp. 379–80;
CSP Dom Addenda
, 1580–1625, pp. 199–202;
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, pp. 13, 14, 82.

  
4
CP 15/78 in
HMC Salisbury
, III, p. 216.

  
5
Read,
Mr Secretary Walsingham
, III, p. 60.

  
6
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, p. 149.

  
7
BL Kings MS 119, fol. 50.

  
8
CSP Foreign
, 1583–4, p. 190;
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, pp. 13–15.

  
9
CP 14/43 in
HMC Salisbury
, III, p. 214.

10
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, p. 82.

11
CSP Dom
, 1581–90, p. 531.

12
Murdin,
Burghley’s State Papers
, p. 380. See Mitchell Leimon and Geoffrey Parker, ‘Treason and Plot in Elizabethan Diplomacy: The Fame of Sir Edward Stafford Reconsidered’,
The English Historical Review
111 (1996), pp. 1134–58.

13
CSP Foreign
, 1583–4, pp. 259, 272.

14
Ibid., pp. 457, 459.

15
BL Cotton MS Galba E VI, fol. 171v.

16
CSP Foreign
, 1583–4, p. 474.

17
CSP Foreign
, 1584–5, pp. 266–7, 312;
CSP Foreign
, 1585–6, pp. 222, 306–7.

18
CSP Foreign
, 1586–8, pp. 34–5.

19
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, pp. 189, 218.

20
Ibid.

21
See J. S. Corbett,
Papers Relating to the Navy in the Spanish War, 1585–1587
(London, 1898).

Chapter 41: Nightmares

  
1
TRP
, II, pp. 528–32.

  
2
CSP Foreign
, 1586–8, p. 241.

  
3
CSP Scot
, 1587–8, pp. 287–95.

  
4
Ibid
.
, p. 294.

  
5
CSP Scot,
IV, pp. 291, 294.

  
6
Nichols (ed.),
Progresses of Queen Elizabeth
, vol. II, pp. 495–507.

  
7
BL Lansdowne MS 102 fol. 10r; Wright (ed.),
Elizabeth and her Times
, vol. II, p. 332.

  
8
CSP Ven
, VIII, p. 256.

  
9
BL Lansdowne MS 1236, fol. 32.

10
William Camden,
Annales
, p. 115.

11
See R. B. Wernham, ‘The disgrace of William Davison’,
English Historical Review
, 46 (1931), pp. 632–6.

12
Strype,
Annales
, II, ii, p. 407.

13
TNA SP 12/200/20.

14
HMC Salisbury
III, ii, p. 220.

15
St John’s College Cambridge MS I.30, fols 60v–61r..

16
Ibid., and see Peter E. MacCullough, ‘Out of Egypt: Richard Fletcher’s sermon before Elizabeth’ in Julia M. Walker (ed.),
Dissing Elizabeth
, pp. 118–52; see also Margaret Christian, ‘Elizabeth’s Preachers and the Government of Women: Defining and Correcting a Queen’,
The Sixteenth Century Journal
24.3 (1993), pp. 561– 76; MacCullough,
Sermons at court
, p. 87.

17
Harrison (ed.),
Letters of Queen Elizabeth
, p. 188.

18
CSP Scot
, 1586–8, pp. 330–1.

19
CSP Ven
, 1581–91, pp. 259–61.

20
Alexander S. Wilkinson,
Mary Queen of Scots and French Public Opinion, 1542–1600
(Basingstoke, 2004);
CSP Foreign
, 1586–8, p. 227.

21
J. Hooper Grew,
Elisabeth d’Angleterre dans la littérature française
(Paris, 1932), pp. 38–9; see also Strong,
Gloriana
, p. 34.

22
See John Scott,
A Bibliography of works relating to Mary Queen of Scots 1544–1700
(Edinburgh, 1896), pp. 54–5.

23
J. E. Phillips,
Images of a Queen: Mary Stuart in Sixteenth-century Literature
(Berkeley, 1964), pp. 143–170.

24
Adam Blackwood,
Martyre de la royne d’Escosse
(Paris, 1587), pp. 345–9.

25
Ibid.

26
In his second tract
La Mort de La Royne d’Escosse Doubairere de France
(Paris, 1588), Blackwood calls on decades of Catholic attacks upon the bastard Elizabeth and her bastard religion to argue for the destruction of the tyrant Elizabeth.

27
See J. E. Phillips,
Images of a Queen
; Adam Blackwood,
Martyre de la Royne d’Escosse
.

28
Blackwood,
Marytre de la Royne D’Escosse
, A4v–A5r.

29
‘Aliud eiusdem argumenti’ in
De Iezabelis Anglæ parricido varii generis
poemata Latina et Gallica
(France, 1590).

30
Printed in Georges Ascoli,
La Grande-Bretagne devant l’opinion française au XVIIe siècle
(Paris, 1927), p. 294, who attributes it to Perron. Jacques Davy, Cardinal du Perron, was lecteur to Henry III and a spokesman for Catholicism.

31
Printed in Georges Ascoli,
La Grande-Bretagne
, pp. 296–7. See Phillips,
Images of a Queen
, pp. 85–116, 143–70.

32
CSP Ven
, 1581–91, p. 264.

Chapter 42: Secret Son?

  
1
See Ettwell A. B. Barnard,
Evesham and a Reputed Son of Queen Elizabeth
(Evesham, 1926);
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, pp. 101–12.

  
2
CSP Span
, 1587–1603, pp. 101–12.

  
3
CSP Ven
, 1581–91, p. 267.

  
4
Ibid., p. 288.

  
5
See Robert Hutchinson
, Elizabeth’s Spy Master: Francis Walsingham and the Secret War that Saved England
(London, 2007).

  
6
Ellis (ed.),
Original Letters
, III, pp. 134–7.

  
7
List and Analysis of State Papers, Foreign Series, Elizabeth I
, vol. II, July 1590–1, no. 697.

  
8
See John Cooper,
The Queen’s Agent: Francis Walsingham at the Court of Elizabeth I
(London, 2011).

Chapter 43: Satan’s Instruments

  
1
Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
, 6 vols (London, 1807–8), III, pp. 1356–7, 1592.

  
2
AGS E949, fol. 28 cited in M. J. Rodriguez-Salgado and Simon Adams, eds,
England, Spain and the Gran Armada, 1585–1604: Essays from the Anglo-Spanish conferences, London and Madrid 1988
(Edinburgh, 1991).

  
3
William Allen
, An Admonition to the nobility and people of England and Ireland
(Antwerp, 1588).

  
4
G. Mattingly, ‘William Allen and Catholic propaganda in England’, in
Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance
(Geneva), 28 (1957), pp. 325–39.

  
5
William Allen, ‘An Admonition to the Nobility, 1588’ in D. M. Rogers (ed.),
English Recusant Literature 1558–1640
(Menston, 1979), p. xix.

  
6
See Valerie Traub,
The
Renaissance of Lesbianism in Early Modern England
(Cambridge, 2002), p. 130.

  
7
TRP
, III, 13–17; TNA SP 12/215 fol. 144;
The Execution of Justice in England by William Cecil and A True, Sincere and Modest Defense of English Catholics by William Allen
, ed. Robert M. Kingdon (Ithaca, NY, 1965), pp. xxxvi–xxxvii.

  
8
CSP Dom
, 1581–91, p. 507.

  
9
Wright (ed.),
Queen Elizabeth and her Times
, vol. II, pp. 374–6; see John S. Nolan, ‘The Militarization of Elizabethan England’,
Journal of Military History
, 58 (3) (1994), pp. 391–420; and Neil Younger, ‘If the Armada Had Landed: A Reappraisal of England’s Defences in 1588’,
Histor
y, 93 (2008), pp. 328–54.