The Publisher (89 page)

15.
JSBD, September 23, 1935, April 3, 1936;
Letters
, 1934–1937, TIA; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 204–5.

16.
Larsen to Richard Krolik, March 10, 1970, Larsen Mss., TIA;
Editor and Publisher
, November 3, 1928; David Alan Campbell, “The Origin and Early Developments of the Time Incorporated Radio Series the
March of Time”
(M.A. thesis, Central Missouri State College, 1969), pp. 26–41; Frank C. Tucker III, “A Critical Evaluation of the
March of Time
, 1931–1932” (M.A. thesis, Central Missouri State College, 1969), pp. 6–12.

17.
HRL Elson interview, 1965, TIA.

18.
March of Time
script, March 27, 1931, TIA; Tucker, “A Critical Evaluation of the
March of Time,”
pp. 27–28; Larsen to Richard Krolik, March 10, 1970, Larsen Mss., TIA; Raymond Fielding,
The March of Time, 1935–1951
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), pp. 16–18; Eric Barnouw,
Documentary
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), p. 1310; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 177–80.

19.
Larsen to HRL, June 20, 1932, Larsen Mss., TIA; Fielding,
The March of Time
, p. 19.

20.
HRL memo, “The Opportunity,” August 1934, TIA;
Christian Science Monitor Weekly Magazine
, October 30, 1935, p. 15; HRL to JSB, August 24, 1934, JSB Mss.; Forsyth Hardy,
Grierson on Documentary
(London: Faber & Faber, 1966), pp. 201–2; James L. Baughman,
Henry R. Luce and the Rise of the American News Media
(Boston: Twayne, 1987), pp. 77–79; Fielding,
The March of Time
, pp. 31–32.

21.
HRL, “The Opportunity,” August 1934, TIA; William P. Montague, “Public Opinion and the Newsreels,”
Public Opinion Quarterly
2 (January 1938): 51; Richard Mersan Barasm, “‘This Is America’: Documentaries for Theaters, 1942–1951,”
Cinema Journal
12 (Spring 1973): 22–23;
Four Hours a Year
(New York: Time Inc., 1936), pp. 3, 21; Fielding,
The March of Time
, pp. 22–45; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 227–40.

22.
HRL to Ingersoll, n.d., 1938, HRL to Thomas J. White, January 31, 1935, TIA; David Nasaw,
The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), pp. 506–7.

23.
HRL to Hearst, January 31, 1935, Hearst to HRL, February 1, 8, 1935, TIA; “Hearst,”
Fortune
, October 1935; Ingersoll to Thomas J. White, May 13, 1936, Daniel Longwell to HRL, March 8, 1935, TIA;
Four Hours a Year
, p. 19; Nasaw,
The Chief
, pp. 507–8.

24.
Dick Duncan to Bob Parker, memo, March 5, 1967, TIA; JSBD, March 15, 1935.

25.
Four Hours a Year
, pp. 44–47; Fielding,
The March of Time
, p. 6; “Summer Theaters,” “Wild Ducks,” “Dogs for Sale,” “Pests in 1937,”
March of Time, 1
935–1937.

26.
“Lake Tana, Africa!,” “East of the Suez!,” “War in China,”
March of Time
, 1936–1937; “Japan—Master of the Orient,”
March of Time
, 1939.

27.
“Inside Nazi Germany,”
March of Time
, 1938; Fielding,
The March of Time
, pp. 187–95.

28.
Otis Ferguson, “Time Steals a March,”
New Republic
, February 9, 1938, p. 19;
George Dangerfield, “Time Muddles On,”
New Republic
, August 19, 1936, pp. 43–45; Irving Lerner (using the pseudonym “Peter Ellis”),
New Masses
, July 9, 1935, p. 30, May 11, 1937, p. 29; Ralph Steiner and Leo T. Hurwitz, “A New Approach to Film Making,”
New Theater
, September 1935, pp. 22–23; William Alexander, “The March of Time and the World Today,”
American Quarterly
29 (Summer 1977): 184–85, 188–92.

29.
Raymond Fielding, “Mirror of Discontent: The
March of Time
and Its Politically Controversial Film Issues,”
Western Political Quarterly
12 (March 1959): 145–52; Fielding,
The March of Time
, p. 201.

30.
Raymond Fielding, “Time Flickers Out: Notes on the Passing of the
March of Time,” Quarterly of Film, Radio, and Television
II
(Summer 1957): 354–61.

31.
JSBD, November 12, 1931; Lila Luce Tyng interview; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; HRL Elson interview, 1966, TIA.

32.
Sylvia Morris,
Rage for Fame: The Ascent of Clare Boothe Luce
(New York: Random House, 1997), p. 30; CBL memoir, n.d., CBL Mss.; Alan Brinkley, “Clare Boothe Luce,”
Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary—Completing the Twentieth Century
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004), pp. 399–400; Ralph Martin,
Henry and Clare: An Intimate Portrait of the Luces
(New York: G. P. Putnam, 1991), pp. 27–39, 50–52.

33.
Martin,
Henry and Clare
, pp. 52–56, 69–83; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 74–160.

34.
Helen Lawrenson,
Stranger at the Party: A Memoir
(New York: Random House, 1975), pp. 102–5; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 161–238.

35.
Lila to ERL, Emmavail, and Leslie Severinghaus, August 2, 1932, LT; Laura Z. Hobson,
Laura Z: A Life
(New York: Arbor House, 1983), pp. 136–38; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 240–41.

36.
Lawrenson,
Stranger at the Party
, pp. 114–16; Roy Hoopes,
Ralph Ingersoll: A Biography
(New York: Atheneum, 1985), pp. 119–121; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 240–44.

37.
HRL to CBL, December 23, 1934, CBL to HRL, August 15, 1935, CBL Mss.; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 242–48; Hoopes,
Ralph Ingersoll
, pp. 118–21; Martin,
Henry and Clare
, pp. 140–41.

38.
HRL to CBL, January 3, 11, March 5, May 11, 13, July 21, n.d., 1935, November 22, 1937, CBL Mss. HRL to LH, February 7, March 26, 30, n.d., 1935, LT; HRL to Peter Paul Luce, n.d., 1935, LT; HRL to CBL, May 1, 12, 1935, CBL Mss.; HWL to LH, July 17, 1935, Mary Bradley to LH, n.d., 1935, L
T
Mss.; JSBD, November 9, 11, 23, 1935; Lila Luce Tyng interview; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview.

39.
CBL to HRL, August 15, 1935, HRL to CBL, March 7, 1935, CBL Mss.; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 251–53.

40.
JSBD, November 25, 1935; HRL to LH, n.d., 1935, TIA; Lawrenson,
Stranger at the Party
, pp. 117–18;
Time
, November 25, 1935; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 276–80.

41.
JSBD, May 22, 1936.

42.
HRL Elson interview, 1966, Preface to
Fortune
, August 1929, Larsen oral history, p. 23, TIA; Edmund Wilson,
Letters on Literature and Politics
(New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 1977), pp. 405–6;
The New Yorker
, September 26, 1926, pp. 13, 19; David Laskin,
Partisan: Marriage, Politics, and Betrayal Among the New York Intellectuals
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), pp. 193–94; Michael Augspurger,
An Economy of Abundant Beauty:
Fortune
Magazine & Depression America
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University, 2004), pp. 55–62; Jacques Barzun,
The House of Intellect
(New York: Harper & Brothers, 1959), pp. 42–45.

43.
Elson HRL interview, 1966, TIA; James Thurber,
The Years with Ross
(New York: Little, Brown, 1957), p. 16; Hoopes,
Ralph Ingersoll
, p. 76.

44.
Ingersoll to Katherine Sergeant White, November 9, 1933, TIA; Ingersoll, “Answers to Time Inc. Questions,” March 28, 1956, Ingersoll Mss.;
Fortune
, August 1934.

45.
“Time … Fortune … Life … Luce,”
The New Yorker
, November 28, 1936, pp. 20–25; Bernard DeVoto, “Distempers of the Press,”
Harper’s
, March 1937, p. 447.

46.
HRL Elson interview, 1966, Harold Ross to HRL, November 23, 1936, HRL to Harold Ross, November 24, 1936, TIA; JSBD, November 19, 1937.

1.
Clare Boothe Brokaw to Condé Nast, May 7, December 9, 1931; HRL to Edna Chase, January 25, 1954, Condé Nast to HRL, October 17, 1938, TIA; John R. Whiting and George R. Clark, “The Picture Magazines,”
Harper’s
, June 18, 1943, pp. 159–60.

2.
Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Sylvia Morris,
Rage for Fame: The Ascent of Clare Boothe Luce
(New York: Random House, 1997), pp. 281–84; Laura Z. Hobson,
Laura Z: A Life
(New York: Arbor House, 1983), pp. 184–85; Helen Lawrenson,
Stranger at the Party: A Memoir
(New York: Random House, 1975), pp. 65–66.

3.
JSBD, August 24, 1936; Andrew Heiskell interview.

4.
Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Roy Hoopes,
Ralph Ingersoll: A Biography
(New York: Atheneum, 1985), pp. 146–48; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, p. 287; Wilfred Sheed,
Clare Boothe Luce
(New York: E. P. Dutton, 1982), pp. 78–79; Ralph G. Martin,
Henry and Clare: An Intimate Portrait of the Luces
(New York: G. P. Putnam, 1991), pp. 156–60.

5.
Clare Boothe Luce,
The Women
(1937; repr., New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1966), pp. 89–90 and passim.

6.
Andrew Heiskell interview; JSBD, September 6, December 29, 1939, October 18, 1941.

7.
Elisabeth Luce Moore interview; Henry Luce III interview; Peter Luce interview; HRL to CBL, n.d., 1936, HRL to CBL, December 8, 9, 11, 18, 19, 1936, CBL Mss.

8.
HRL to CBL, January 1, 1937, n.d., 1939, CBL Mss.; HRL to Peter Paul Luce, n.d., 1935, LT Mss.; Charles E. Clapp, Jr., to HRL, May, n.d., 1936, Corinne Thrasher to HRL, May 6, 1936, TIA;
Architectural Forum
, June 1937; Corinne Thrasher to Town of Stamford, February 16, 1939, Allen Grover to HRL, August 3, 1939, Alex Groner to Andrew Heiskell, November 3, 1961, Edward Durrell Stone to HRL, December 19, 1939, HRL to Stone, December 23, 1939, “The Henry R. Luce Estates’ Disaster in the Swamps,” research memo for
Time
cover story on Stone, TIA; Morris,
Rage for Fame
, pp. 286, 296–305; Elisabeth Luce Moore interview.

9.
HRL to CBL, May 17, 18, November 22, n.d., 1937, June 13, 1939, CBL to HRL, June 1, 3, 1939, CBL Mss.

10.
John Cowles to HRL, March 26, 1932, TIA; Isaiah Wilner,
The Man Time Forgot: A Tale of Genius, Betrayal, and the Creation of Time Magazine
(New York: HarperCollins, 2006), pp. 4, 223;
Four Hours a Year
(New York: Time Inc., 1936); HRL to Fayette Dow, August 10, 1936, TIA; interview with Daniel Longwell, January 31, 1956, COHP.

11.
Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung
, February 13, March 21, April 17, 1935;
Illustrated London News
, April 26, 1930, August 8, 1931, March 11, 1933, April 27, 1935;
Vu
, January, April 1935, March 1936; Dwight Macdonald to Henri Cartier-Bresson, December 27, 1933, January 22, 1934, TIA; Beaumont Newhall,
The History of Photography
(Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1964), pp. 180–86; HRL, “Organization of Editorial Staff of the Picture Magazine,” n.d., 1936, TIA.

12.
Martin Heidegger, “The Age of the World Picture,” in William Lovitt, trans. and ed.,
The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays
(New York: Harper& Row, 1977), p. 133; Hanno Hardt, “Pictures for the Masses: Photography and
the Rise of Popular Magazines in Weimar Germany,”
Journal of Communication Inquiry
13 (1989): 7–30; Dwight Macdonald, “Kulturbolshevismus Is Here,”
Partisan Review
, November 1941, pp. 449–50; Bernard Rosenberg, “Attitudes to Mass Culture,”
Dissent
, Winter 1956, pp. 25–28; John P. Sis, “The Things That Pass,”
Commonweal
, September 16, 1955, pp. 593–95.

13.
HRL Elson interview, 1966, HRL to the Editorial Staffs of Time and Fortune, December 1, 1933, HRL to Collins, November, n.d., 1933, John S. Martin to W. A. Dwiggins, February 28, March 2, 9, 13, 30, 1934, Dwight Macdonald to David Hulburd, March, n.d., 1934, Dwight Macdonald to Jack Sussman, January 23, 1934, C. D. Jackson to HRL, April 9, 1934, Ralph Ingersoll to HRL, April 11, 1934, Roy Larsen to HRL, April 7, 1934, HRL, “Apology: To be read After reading Dummy No. 3,” April, n.d., 1934, HRL, “Important Notice,” June 12, 1934, TIA.

14.
HRL Elson interview, 1966, TIA; Longwell to HRL, June 12, 1935, Longwell Mss.; Kurt Korff, “Essential Outline for a New Illustrated Magazine,” n.d., 1936, Kurt Korff to HRL, July 31, 1936, TIA; HRL Elson interview, 1966, TIA; Robert T. Elson,
Time Inc.: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise, 1923–1941
(New York: Atheneum, 1968), pp. 269–70; Ingersoll to Korff, April 14, 1936, Ingersoll to the Staff of TIME Inc., n.d., 1936, Ingersoll to Stillman et al., June 8, 1936, MacLeish to Ingersoll, June, n.d., 12, 1936, Ingersoll, “Notes on a Picture Magazine,” May 15, 1936, MacLeish to HRL, June 17, 1936, Ingersoll to HRL, “The Earnings Capacity of
Time:
The Weekly Newsmagazine,” October 28, 1938, TIA; Ingersoll, “Memorandum,” January 27, 1969, Ingersoll Mss.

15.
P. I. Prentice to H. P. Zimmerman, April 29, 1936, H. P. Zimmerman to Charles Stillman, July 21, 1944, TIA; Ingersoll to HRL, November 15, 1936, TIA; Elson,
Time Inc.
, pp. 283–84.

16.
P. I. Prentice to HRL, February 24, 25, 27, March 2, 1936, “Operating Figures of The New Magazine,” n.d., 1936, TIA; Ingersoll to Longwell, May 6, 1936, TIA; Elson,
Time Inc.
, p. 283.

17.
“Prospectus for a New Weekly Magazine,” n.d., 1936, “Preface to a New Magazine,” n.d., 1936, HRL to Staff, June, n.d., 1936, HRL to H. P. Zimmerman, February 25, 1936, Longwell to Ingersoll, March 26, 1936, Ingersoll to Staff, June 8, 1936, HRL to Sheldon Luce, July 15, 1936, HRL to Dorothy Thompson, August 6, 1936, Dorothy Thompson to HRL, July 15, 1936, HRL, “Recording of a Decision of Major Importance,” August 18, 1936, HRL to Harry Davison, August 12, 1936, HRL to William Griffin, August 19, 1936, “March of Time: The Weekly Picture Magazine,” August, n.d., 1936, HRL to Archibald MacLeish, June 29, 1936, Howard Black to “All Life Representatives,” April 13, 1937, HRL to Rooney Finkenstaedt, January 17, 1938, TIA; McGeorge Bundy, “These Picture Magazines,”
Yale Daily News
, February 9, 1938, HRL to Bundy, February 28, 1938, Bundy to HRL, March 1, 1938, HRL to Hunt, June 20, 1963, TIA.