The Pleasure Instinct: Why We Crave Adventure, Chocolate, Pheromones, and Music (36 page)

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Authors: Gene Wallenstein

Tags: #Science, #General

BOOK: The Pleasure Instinct: Why We Crave Adventure, Chocolate, Pheromones, and Music
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University of Texas
 
vestibular functioning vision
brain evolution and
neural bootstrapping and visual acuity
synaptic pruning and
visual cortex (V1)
See also
symmetry
visual acuity
visual cortex (V1).
See also
vision
visual motion blindness
 
waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
Wedekind, Chris
weight
Wellesley College
“what” visual pathway
“where” visual pathway
whisker sensation, in mice
white noise
Wilson, E. O.
withdrawal
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
Wofford College
women
body shape of
extroversion and facial asymmetry
music by
sexual selection and
 
Zahavi, Amotz
Zuk, Marlena
1
There is debate in the literature as to whether food or hunger actually constitutes the primary positive reinforcer in this example, since the appearance of either will increase the production of specific behaviors. For our purposes we consider food to be the primary positive reinforcer, since we are discussing it in the context of reward.
2
Ectoderm is the outermost of the three primary germ layers of an embryo, from which the epidermis, nervous tissue, and, in vertebrates, sense organs develop.
3
“Heterozygosity” means having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic.
4
Recall from our earlier discussions that group selection is a mechanism usually dismissed by evolutionary biologists, since it requires rather extreme and unlikely conditions to operate in the real world.

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