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Authors: Bruce J. Hillman,Birgit Ertl-Wagner,Bernd C. Wagner

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All Web sites were last accessed September 5, 2014.

A Note on the Differences between
Lenard’s and Einstein’s Science

Kostro, L. (2000).
Einstein and the ether
. Montreal: Apeiron.

Lacayo, R., & Editors of
Time
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Albert Einstein: The enduring legacy of a modern genius
. New York: Time.

Relativity. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity

Chapter 1: Pyrrhic Victory

Albert Einstein. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein

Ash, M. G., & Sollner, A. (1996).
Forced migration and scientific change: Émigré German-speaking scientists and scholars
after 1933
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Bentwish, N. (1953).
Rescue and achievement of refugee scholars: The story of displaced scholars and scientists,
1933–1952
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Dukas, H., & Hoffmann, B. (1979).
Albert Einstein: The human side
. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bavaria_(1876%e2%80%931965)

Getting up close and personal with Einstein. (2012, March 31).
Jerusalem Post
. Retrieved from http://www.jpost.com/Health-and-Science/Getting-up-close-and-personal-with-Einstein

Hentschel, K. (2011). [Foreword to
Deutsche Physik
; Albert Einstein: Letters to the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Academy’s response
(March 28–April 5, 1933)]. In
Physics and National Socialism: An anthology of primary sources
. Basel: Birkhäuser.

Isaacson, W. (2007).
Einstein: His life and universe
. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Philipp Lenard. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Lenard

Schirrmacher, A. (2010).
Philipp Lenard: Erinnerungen eines Naturforschers: Kritische annotierte Ausgabe des
Originaltyposkriptes von 1931/1943
. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2010. (Translation provided
by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

Un-German literature to the bonfire: Nightly Rally by the German Student Union. (1933,
May 12).
People’s Observer
, North Germany ed. English translation retrieved from www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/volkisch.html

Weissman, G. (2010). X-ray politics: Lenard vs. Roentgen and Einstein.
FASEB Journal, 24
, 1631–1634.

Chapter 2: The Heart of the Matter

Art of Living Blog. Albert Einstein real life stories. Retrieved from http://artoflivingsblog.com/albert-einstein-real-life-stories

Einstein vs. Bohr: How their career long debate led to parallel universes. Retrieved
from http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/einstein-vs-bohr

Lenard, P. [1927 invitation to the National Socialist Working Party convention, missing
its RSVP stub]. Philipp Lenard’s bequest, archives of the Deutsches Museum, Munich,
Germany, Box NL Lenard 2012-7a.

Schoenbeck, C. (2012).
Albert Einstein und Philipp Lenard: Antipoden im Spannungsfeld von Physik und Zeitgeschichte
(Trans. Brian Stamm). Bayreuth, Germany: Springer.

Chapter 3: Familiarity Breeds Contempt

Einstein, A. (1997).
The collected papers of Albert Einstein
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Einstein, A. (1918, November 29). Dialogue about objections to the theory of relativity
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Dialog über Einwaende gegen die Relativitaetstheorie
; Trans. Wikisource).
Die Naturwissenschaften
. Retrieved from http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dialog_about_Objections_against_the_
Theory_of_Relativity

Einstein’s theory of fidelity.
Telegraph
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Esterson, A. (2007, November). An examination of the revised PBS web pages. Retrieved
from http://www.esterson.org/einsteinwife3.htm

Kurzbiographie Eduard Einstein
. Retrieved from http://www.einstein-website.de/biographien/einsteineduard.html (Translation
provided by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

Lacayo, R., & Editors of
Time
. (2014).
Albert Einstein: The enduring legacy of a modern genius
. New York: Time.

NBCNews.com. (2006, July 10). New letters shed light on Einstein love life. Retrieved
from http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13804030/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/#.U-oAQ0bD8Z8

Philipp Lenard. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Lenard

Renn, J., & Schulmann, R. (2001).
Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić: The love letters
. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Schirrmacher, A. (2010).
Philipp Lenard: Erinnerungen eines Naturforschers: Kritische annotierte Ausgabe des
Originaltyposkriptes von 1931/1943
. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer. (Translation provided by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

Schoenbeck, C. (2012).
Albert Einstein und Philipp Lenard: Antipoden im Spannungsfeld von Physik und Zeitgeschichte
(Trans. B. Stamm). Bayreuth, Germany: Springer.

Smith, D. (1996, November 6). Dark side of Einstein emerges in his letters.
New York Times
. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/06/arts/dark-side-of-einstein-emerges-in-his-letters.html

Teibel, A. (2006, July 10). Newly unsealed documents throw light on another Einstein
lover.
USA Today
. Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/2006-07-10-einstein-letters-love_x.htm

Chapter 4: An Interesting Evening Out

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Bad Nauheim, 19.-25.9.20. (1920).
Physikalische Zeitschrift, 21
(23/24), 649–699. (Translation provided by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

Hentschel, K. (2011). [Foreword to
Deutsche Physik
; Albert Einstein: My reply. On the Anti-relativity Theoretical Company, Ltd. (August
27, 1920); Albert Einstein: Letters to the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Academy’s
response (March 28–April 5, 1933)]. In
Physics and National Socialism: An anthology of primary sources
. Basel: Birkhäuser.

Kostro, L. (2000).
Einstein and the ether
. Montreal: Apeiron.

Schirrmacher, A. (2010).
Philipp Lenard: Erinnerungen eines Naturforschers: Kritische annotierte Ausgabe des
Originaltyposkriptes von 1931/1943
. Berlin: Springer. (Translation provided by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

Schoenbeck, C. (2012).
Albert Einstein und Philipp Lenard: Antipoden im Spannungsfeld von Physik und Zeitgeschichte
(Trans. B. Stamm). Bayreuth, Germany: Springer.

Van Dongen, J. (2007, June). Reactionaries and Einstein’s fame: “German Scientists
for the Preservation of Pure Science,” relativity, and the Bad Nauheim Meeting.
Physics in Perspective
,
9
(2), 212–230. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1111/1111.2194.pdf

Weyl, H. (1920). Die Diskussion über die Relativitätstheorie.
Die Umschau, 24
, 609–611 [hardcopy annotated by Philipp Lenard in his own handwriting]. Philipp Lenard’s
bequest, archives of the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany, Box NL Lenard 2012-7b.

Chapter 5: A Disagreement between Gentlemen

Allgemeine Diskussion über die Relativitätstheorie: 86. Naturforscher-Versammlung,
Bad Nauheim, 19.-25.9.20. (1920).
Physikalische Zeitschrift, 21
(23/24), 649–699. (Translation provided by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

Bad Nauheim. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Nauheim

Bad Nauheim, Die Gesundheitsstadt. Retrieved from http://www.bad-nauheim.de/tourism.html

Cornwell, J. (2004). Hitler’s scientists: Science, war, and the devil’s pact. New
York: Penguin.

Hentschel, K. (2011). [Foreword to
Deutsche Physik
; Albert Einstein: My reply. On the Anti-relativity Theoretical Company, Ltd. (August
27, 1920); Albert Einstein: Letters to the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Academy’s
response (March 28–April 5, 1933)]. In
Physics and National Socialism: An anthology of primary sources
. Basel: Birkhäuser.

Moszkowski Affair. Retrieved from http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath630/kmath630.htm

Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/

Schirrmacher, A. (2010).
Philipp Lenard: Erinnerungen eines Naturforschers: Kritische annotierte Ausgabe des
Originaltyposkriptes von 1931/1943
. Berlin: Springer. (Translation provided by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

Schoenbeck, C. (2012).
Albert Einstein und Philipp Lenard: Antipoden im Spannungsfeld von Physik und Zeitgeschichte
(Trans. B. Stamm). Bayreuth, Germany: Springer.

Van Dongen, J. (2007, June). Reactionaries and Einstein’s fame: “German Scientists
for the Preservation of Pure Science,” relativity, and the Bad Nauheim Meeting.
Physics in Perspective,
9
(2), 212–230. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1111/1111.2194.pdf

Walker, M. (1995). Nazi science: Myth, truth, and the German atomic bomb. Retrieved
from http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/nscience/nscience01.htm

Chapter 6: A Missed Opportunity

Dr. Lewis E. Etter. Retrieved from http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=62454112

Etter, L. E. (1945). Post-war visit to Roentgen’s laboratory.
American Journal of Roentgenology, 54
, 547–552.

Etter, L. E. (1946). Some historical data relating to the discovery of the Roentgen
rays.
American Journal of Roentgenology, 56
, 220–231.

Glasser, O. (1934).
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and the early history of the X-rays
. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Hillman, B. J., & Goldsmith, J. C. The rise of medical imaging. In
The sorcerer’s apprentice: How medical imaging is changing health care
. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lenard, Philipp. (1958). S.v. in
Great men of science
. London: G. Bell and Sons.

Pietzsch, J. (2014). Perspectives: A helping hand from the media. Nobelprize.org:
The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/perspectives.html

Roentgen, W. K. (1896). On a New Kind of Rays (
Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen
).
Nature, 53
, 274-276. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/canjclin.22.3.153/pdf

von Lenard, P. E. A. (1906, May 28). On cathode rays (Nobel lecture). Nobelprize.org:
The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1905/lenard-lecture.pdf

Chapter 7: Lenard in Stockholm

Alfred Nobel: His life and work. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize.
Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/biographical/articles/life-work/

Alfred Nobel’s will. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved
from http://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/

Award ceremony speech. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved
from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1905/press.html

Banquet menu. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from
http://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/menus/

Dress code at the Nobel banquet: What to wear? Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of
the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/dresscode/

Early memories of Nobel ceremonies and laureates. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site
of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/eyewitness/morner/index.html

Grandin, K., director of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science Center for the History
of Science. Personal communication.

Lenard, P.
Lenard’s Faelschungs-Buch
[a red notebook with a handwritten title in red pencil on the first page, “Faelschungs-Buch
(Autobiogr. wichtig)]. Philipp Lenard’s bequest, archives of the Deutsches Museum,
Munich, Germany, Folder 3 NL Lenard 2012.

Nobel banquet. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize#Nobel_banquet

Prize amount and market value of invested capital converted into 2013 year’s monetary
value. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/prize_amounts_14.pdf

Schirrmacher, A. (2010).
Philipp Lenard: Erinnerungen eines Naturforschers: Kritische annotierte Ausgabe des
Originaltyposkriptes von 1931/1943
. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2010. (Translation provided
by Birgit Ertl-Wagner)

von Lenard, P. E. A. (1906, May 28). On cathode rays (Nobel lecture). Nobelprize.org:
The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1905/lenard-lecture.pdf

Chapter 8: Einstein versus the Small Popes of Uppsala

Award ceremony speech. Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved
from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/press.html

Clark, S. (2012, October 8). Why Einstein never received a Nobel Prize for relativity.
Nobelprize.org: The Official Site of the Nobel Prize. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/science/across-the-universe/2012/oct/08/einstein-nobel-prize-relativity

Einstein, A. (1920).
Relativity: The special and general theory
. New York: Henry Holt.

Elzinga, A. (2006).
Einstein’s Nobel Prize: A glimpse behind closed doors
. Sagamore Beach, NY: Science History.

Explore 100 famous scientist quotes. Retrieved from http://www.todayinsci.com/QuotationsCategories/N_Cat/NobelPrize-Quotations.htm

Friedman, R. M. (2001). Einstein must never get a Nobel Prize: Keeping physics safe
for Sweden. In
The politics of excellence: Behind the Nobel Prize in Science
(Chap. 7). New York: Henry Holt.

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