The Little Girl Who Fought the Great Depression: Shirley Temple and 1930s America (44 page)

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 112

Powell, Sterling, 214

Powell, William, 117

Power, Tyrone, 204

press:

Depression coverage in, 13

FDR’s relationship with, 32–33, 41, 43

Hoover’s antagonism toward, 16, 32

and Lindbergh kidnapping, 210–11

sensationalist, 210–13

ST coverage in, 5, 52, 119

see also specific publications

pride, masculinity and, 77–80

Prince and the Pauper, The
(Twain), 53

privacy:

blurring of line between celebrity and, 201–2, 205, 233

right to, 200–201

ST’s lack of, 206–10, 214–17

“Private Life of Shirley Temple, Wonder Child of the Screen, The,” 220

Production Code Administration (PCA), 69

Public Enemy, The
, 153

publicity stunts, 202

Purachatra Jayakara, Prince of Siam, 116

Quaker Oats, 138

Quigley, Martin J., 70

radio:

in American culture, 33–34, 193, 255
n

entertainment on, 48, 157

FDR’s use of, 32–40, 44–45

Hoover’s delivery on, 16–17, 21, 36

Nazi use of, 44–45

ST’s broadcast threat, 217

Radio City Music Hall, 103

Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO), 65–67, 93, 94

Rainger, Ralph, 95

Rand, Ellen Emmet, 42

ransoms, 210

Raymond, Gene, 267
n

Reaching Juvenile Markets: How to Advertise, Sell, and Merchandise through Boys and Girls
(Grumbine), 137

Reagan, Ronald, 238

Rebecca
, 237

Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm
, 161, 172–76, 180, 181, 224–25, 266
n

Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 14

Reebok, Ann, 144

Republican party, 9–10, 13, 20, 26, 32, 36, 38, 42, 43, 59, 90, 189, 194, 228, 244

Rice, Thomas D., 97

Ricketson, Frank H., Jr., 123

Rieff, Philip, 243

Rin-Tin-Tin, 154

Roach, Hal, 157

Robinson, Bill “Bojangles,” 88–113,
92
,
97
,
108
, 175

African American assessment of, 110–13

critical acclaim for, 94–95, 267
n

dancing of, 4, 91, 93, 95–96, 98, 100–101, 107, 270
n

death and funeral of, 112–13

and FDR, 90–91, 112

joy projected by, 93, 96

philanthropy of, 110

as proponent of civil rights, 111–12

racist constraints on, 109

smile of, 2, 89, 91, 96, 111, 112, 113

staircase dance of, 101–3,
102

stereotyping of, 91, 93, 96–97

in ST films, 88–89, 106, 174, 179, 266
n
, 268
n
;
see also specific films

temper of, 111–12, 271
n

Robinson, Elaine, 112

Robles, June, 212

Rockefeller, Nelson, 116

Rogers, Ginger, 162, 224

Rogers, Lela, 224, 250
n

Rogers, Will, 12–13, 17, 39–40, 97–98, 152, 154, 251
n
, 261
n
, 268
n

Rolph, James “Sunny Jim,” 26

Romero, Cesar, 161, 168

Rooney, Mickey, 198

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 4, 23, 24, 25, 40, 59, 80, 116, 146–47, 227

Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
3
, 4, 14, 189, 198, 253
n
, 257
n
, 261
n

African American support for, 90, 94

attempted assassination of, 29

background of, 22–23

critics and opponents of, 43, 45

cultivation of charisma by, 22–25, 27, 33, 37–38, 40, 45

deliberate speaking style of, 256
n

Depression recovery strategy of, 1–3, 6, 21, 29–32, 34–45, 69, 77, 148

fictional film version of, 59, 61

first inauguration of,
28
, 29–31, 34–40, 59, 254
n

humor of, 41, 42, 43–44

Hundred Days innovations of, 21, 31–32

laugh of, 42

in New York politics, 14, 22–23, 26, 36

in 1932 election, 19–20

optimism and confidence projected by, 27, 31, 34–39, 45, 59

polio contracted by, 23–26, 29–30, 171

Robinson and, 112

smile of, 2, 6, 22–25, 27, 31, 32, 34–35, 38, 40–44, 59, 89, 243

ST’s meeting with, 59,
60
, 64, 116, 243

suspicion and fear of, 44

use of media by, 21, 32–40, 44–45

voice of, 36–40, 45

Roosevelt, James, 25, 29

Roosevelt, Sara, 25

Roosevelt, Theodore, 23, 141, 153, 253
n

Rosita
, 203

Ross, Charley, 212

Roxy Theatre, 66

Runt Page
, 49, 50, 78

Runyon, Damon, 75, 77

Russell, Johnny,
187
, 188

Russia, 10, 20

Santa Monica, Calif., 9

Sara Crewe; or, What Happened at Miss Minchin’s Boarding School
(Burnett), 181

Schallert, Edwin, 191, 192

Schenck, Joseph, 67, 187, 228

Schoenberg, Arnold, 116

Scott, Hazel, 102

Scott, Randolph, 161, 173–74, 184

Screen Actors Guild, 238

Screen Guild Theater
, 217

Screenland
, 208

Sears, Roebuck company, 141

Seiter, William, 221

Sellon, Charles,
84

Selznick, David O., 104, 153, 237–38, 239, 241, 291
n

Sendak, Maurice, 212

Sennwald, Andre, 103

Shean, Al, 190

Shearer, Norma, 117

Sheehan, Winfield, 73–75, 80, 141, 151–55, 163, 197, 221, 236

Zanuck vs., 152

Shelby, Juliet (Mary Miles Minter), 104

Shirley Temple badges, 227

Shirley Temple Black and Bill Robinson White
(Colescott), 106

Shirley Temple formula, 3–4, 58, 83, 119, 148, 151–52, 155, 196–98, 237

innovations to, 188–90

waning appeal of, 163–70, 176–80, 197–98

Zanuck and, 166–68, 170, 172–74, 176–78, 181–84, 187, 189, 194, 197–98

“Shirley Temples,” as term, 155

Silver Screen
, 5, 125

Simplicissimus
, 115

Since You Went Away
, 237, 291
n

slavery, film image of, 104–8

smiles:

in African American stereotype, 88, 98

of Eisenhower, 243

of FDR, 2, 6, 22–25, 27, 31, 32, 34–35, 38, 40–44, 59, 89, 243

negative response to, 43

postwar symbolism of, 243

of Robinson, 2, 89, 91, 96, 98, 111, 112, 113

of ST, 1, 6, 48, 59, 88, 89, 103, 109, 146, 150, 164, 165, 168, 198, 239

symbolism of, in Depression, 1–2, 26, 34, 80–81, 89, 111, 233

Smith, Alfred E., 19–20, 26

Smith, C. Aubrey, 168

Smith, Charlotte, 224

Snow White dolls, 148

Solomon, Aubrey, 278
n
, 282
n
–83
n

Sondergaard, Gale, 190

So Red the Rose
, 104

South, 89–90

mythic, 97–98, 99, 104, 107, 109

songs of, 101

Southern California Edison Company, 7–8

Soviet Union, 12

Spyri, Johanna, 170

Square Crooks
, 80–81

Stafford, John, 192

stage/screen fathers:

dilemma of, 229–30

see also
Temple, George

stage/screen mothers, 9, 46–47, 54, 125, 132, 224, 227

satire of, 127–28

see also
Temple, Gertrude Krieger, as determined screen mother

Stalin, Joseph, 45

Stand Up and Cheer!
:

African Americans in, 88–89

as ST’s breakthrough film, 2, 48, 55, 56–63,
56
,
58
,
62
, 69, 73, 74, 75, 78, 80, 82, 87, 118, 119, 143, 149, 152, 155, 171, 179, 185, 194, 205,
207
, 243

“Starvation Blues,” 18

State Department, U.S., 66

State of the Union Address (1931), 14

Steamboat Round the Bend
, 152

Stearns, Marshall and Jean, 95–96

Stephens, Frank, 214–15

stereotypes:

of African Americans, 88–89, 91, 93, 95, 99–100, 104, 106–7, 110–12, 113

of Southern gentleman, 99

Stimson, Henry L., 16

stock market crash (1929), 11–14, 21, 67, 93

Stokowski, Leopold, 116

Stowaway
, 87, 162, 173, 279
n

Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 53, 97, 164

Stratton, Charles (General Tom Thumb), 163

Strauss, Theodore, 238

Stuart, Gloria, 173, 175

Sturges, Preston, 87

Styne, Jule, 228, 229

Sullivan’s Travels
, 87

Summerville, Slim, 173, 175

Superior Court, California, 241

Supreme Court, U.S., 59

Susannah of the Mounties
, 161, 174, 184–85

Swanson, Gloria, 203, 220

talent scouts, 47

tap-dancing, 4, 89, 93, 95, 127, 171

Tarzan
, 52

Technicolor, 26

Teddy bears, 141

“teenagers,” as term, 238

television, 33, 241, 243

Temple, Francis, 8

Temple, George, 2, 51, 55, 206–7,
207
, 214, 215, 225, 239

breadwinner dilemma of, 202, 228–30

courtship and marriage of, 7–9

financial mismanagement by, 240–41

in ST’s career, 55, 73,
74
, 187, 188–89, 229, 232–33, 237

upward mobility of, 8–9, 228

Temple, George Francis, Jr. “Sonny,” 8–9, 205, 208, 222, 241

Temple, Gertrude Krieger, 2,
47
,
60
, 214, 215, 239

conflict between Zanuck and, 174, 180, 184, 187–89, 195–96, 237

courtship and marriage of, 7–9

as determined screen mother, 9, 46–48, 50–52, 55, 56, 118, 201, 205, 218–19, 224–25

as disciplinarian, 225–28, 290
n

dismissive justification of, 52

financial mismanagement by, 240–41

perceived as child-rearing expert, 222–23, 225–26

as protective of ST, 222–25, 227, 232

relationship of ST and, 223–27

salary of, 48, 73–74, 220, 229

in ST’s career management, 73,
74
, 144, 174, 177, 180, 184, 188, 195, 209, 218, 220–21, 223–25, 232, 237

in ST’s private life, 200, 205–7

Temple, Grace, 7

Temple, Herbert, 8

Temple, John “Jack,” 8–9, 205, 208, 222, 241

Temple, Shirley,
3
,
47
,
50
,
56
,
58
,
62
,
63
,
74
,
76
,
100
,
102
,
108
,
140
,
158
,
160
,
182
,
187
,
207

adulthood of, 238–244,
242

altered birth date of, 74, 119, 217

American cultural legacy of, 6

birthday parties of, 119–20,
121
, 137

birth of, 2, 9

as central in family dynamic, 233

cottage of, 220, 228

curls of, 46, 75, 114, 129, 131–32, 134, 148, 159, 174, 218

cuteness factor of, 157–58, 163–64, 171, 176–78, 186, 198, 205

as Depression-era cultural phenomenon, 1–6

in Depression recovery strategy, 2–3, 45, 59, 106, 148–49, 178–79, 243

diminutive stature of, 159–62, 177, 193, 279
n
–80
n

ear infection of, 50–51

FDR’s meeting with, 59,
60
, 64, 116, 243

fear experienced by, 215–16

financial exploitation of, 240–41

flirtatiousness of, 48, 81–82, 86

and J. Ford, 166–69

imitation of, 114, 123–33, 205

innocence of, 48, 69, 78, 85, 86, 89, 122, 155, 168, 205, 216

as jealous, 183

marriage of C. Black and, 239–40

marriage of J. Agar and, 239–40

merchandising of, 5, 82, 120, 137, 145

name of, 118

naughtiness and brattiness of, 227–28

“normality” projected by, 217–23

parodies of, 122–23

personal charm of, 226, 228

in postwar politics, 244

precocity of, 218–19

private life of, 199–202, 205–10, 213–36

prodigious talent of, 4, 86, 103, 107, 157, 161–63, 169, 175, 179, 197, 218–19

protective solicitude toward, 220–21

puberty and adolescence of, 185, 192–93, 196, 198, 238

purported IQ of, 221

relationship between George Temple and, 229–30

relationship between Gertrude Temple and, 223–27

reminiscences of, 52, 165, 180, 187, 223, 224, 233

and Robinson, 91, 98–99, 101–2, 104–8, 112, 113, 174, 179

schooling of, 218, 221

security issues for, 206, 209

smile of, 1, 6, 48, 59, 88, 89, 103, 109, 146, 150, 164, 165, 168, 198, 239

threats to, 213–17

trust fund of, 232

Temple, Shirley, film career:

actors as unnerved by, 218

attempts to preserve, 150–98

breakthrough of, 2, 5, 47, 56–63, 69, 73, 75, 80, 87, 116, 122, 123, 149, 152, 155, 185, 194, 198, 206, 219–20

celebrity and stardom of, 2, 5, 63–64, 75, 88, 114–49, 150, 154, 178, 197, 199–201, 205, 206

contracts of, 48, 55, 73–75,
74
, 122–23, 148, 151, 152, 173, 196, 217, 220, 229, 237, 241

critical acclaim for, 64, 103, 107, 165–66, 172, 174–75, 179–80, 183–84, 191, 196–97, 237–38

critical disparagement of, 165–66, 169–70, 176–80, 184–85, 191–92, 196–97, 237–39

demanding work schedule of, 217–18, 233

discarded projects of, 186

earnings of, 48, 73–75, 88, 154–55, 180, 196, 208, 228–33, 240–41, 259
n

emotional healing through, 3–4, 57, 88, 99, 190

emphasis on ST’s youth in, 81, 139, 157–59, 163, 166–67, 169, 171, 176, 185, 193

end of, 238–39, 241

as family’s financial support, 51

fan mail of, 205–6

fans of, 5–6, 114, 123–33

film output of, 2, 75, 218, 237

film persona of, 4, 48, 51, 199–201, 205, 226

foils for, 83–84, 89, 100

global fame of, 5, 115, 119–20, 121, 124–25, 126, 131–32, 147–48

after leaving Twentieth Century–Fox, 237–38