The Little Girl Who Fought the Great Depression: Shirley Temple and 1930s America (42 page)

INDEX

Entries correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.

Page numbers in
italics
refer to illustrations.

Abyssinian Baptist Church, 112

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 88, 167

Adler, Alfred, 136

Adventure in Baltimore
, 238–39

advertising, 48

African American stereotypes in, 89

cuteness used in, 157

ST used in, 137–38

African Americans:

in American entertainment culture, 88–113

assessment of Robinson by, 110–13

effect of Depression on, 27, 29, 35, 87, 89, 90, 111, 113

in films, 52, 87, 88–89, 93, 110–111;
see also specific entertainers

prejudice and discrimination against, 32, 72, 91, 94, 96–97, 110, 113

stereotyping of, 88–89, 91, 93, 95, 98–100, 104, 106–7, 110–12, 113

ST’s appeal to, 114, 117–18

Agar, John, 239–40

Agar, Linda Susan, 239, 241,
242
, 243

Ager, Milton, 26

Alger, Horatio, 222

allowances, 230–31, 239, 240

Americana
revue, 55

Angly, Edward, 13

“Animal Crackers in My Soup,” 173

Appalachia, Depression in, 18

Arno, Peter, 29, 257
n

Astaire, Fred, 162

As Thousands Cheer
, 58

Atlanta Constitution
, 22, 107

“Auld Lang Syne,” 169

Australia, 124, 128, 147

Babes in the Woods
, 53

Babes in Toyland
, 53

Baby Burlesks series, 48–50, 50, 81, 127, 139, 159, 162, 163

Baby Take a Bow
, 78–79, 80, 82, 83, 123, 152, 155, 213

“Baby Take a Bow,” 56–57,
56
, 73, 171, 194

Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer, The
, 237

ballet, 182–83

bank holidays, 31, 37

Bank of United States, 12–13

Bara, Theda, 152

Barnes, Howard, 169, 172, 179, 191–92, 196

Barnum, P. T., 163, 202

Barrie, James, 86

Barrymore, Lionel, 99, 103

Bartholomew, Freddie, 214

financial exploitation of, 231

Baruch, Bernard, 10

Bateman, Kate, 53

Baum, L. Frank, 189

Baxter, Warner,
58
, 61, 152

Bayard family, 200

Bell, Nelson, 183–84

Bennetto, Eileen, 128

“Be Optimistic,” 176

Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, 133

Berkeley, Busby, 57

Berle, Milton, 234

Berlin, Irving, 58, 282
n

Berlin Wall, fall of, 244

Bernstein, Arthur, 231

Best, Willie, 89, 106

Bierbower, Jennie Cockrell, 224, 250
n

Big Broadcast of 1936, The
, 95,
97

“Big Five” motion picture conglomerates, 65–66

Biograph Girl, 202

Birth of a Nation, The
, 104

Bisquick, 138

Black, Charles Alden, 239–40,
242
, 243

Black, Shirley Temple,
see
Temple, Shirley

Blackbirds of 1928
, 93

blackface minstrel tradition, 89, 91, 93, 97–98, 100,
100
, 101, 104, 105, 111, 164–65

Blue Bird, The
, 53, 155, 186–95,
187
, 217

Blum, Edwin, 194

Blumer, Herbert, 127

Boles, John, 161

Bolger, Bridget, 131–32

Bonus Army, 55

Borglum, Gutzon, 15

Boston Globe
, 64, 215

Bow, Clara, 204

Brandeis, Louis, 200–201

Breen, Joseph Ignatius, 69

Bright Eyes
, 79, 82–87,
84
, 152, 153, 190, 214

British common law, 231

Broadway theater:

child actors in, 53

Robinson in, 93

Brooklyn Eagle
, 27

Brooks, Phyllis, 175

“Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?,” 55–56

Brotherhood of Dining Car Cooks and Waiters, 110

Brown, Herman J., 86

Brown, King Rastus, 101

Brown, Lew, 56

Bruce, Nigel, 209

Bryan, William Jennings, 38–39

Buffalo Evening News
, 43

Burnett, Frances Hodgson, 53, 181

Butcher, Edward, 153

Byers, John, 208

California Bank, 9, 206–7,
207

Campobello Island, 23

Cantor, Eddie, 162, 204

Captain January
, 87, 120, 155, 161, 194

Captains Courageous
, 214

“Carefree” (Bennetto), 128

Carter, Benny, 271
n

Cary, Diana Serra (“Baby Peggy” Montgomery), 46, 48, 53, 229–30, 255
n
–56
n

Cash, James Bailey, 212

Catholic Church, 131–33

in film censorship, 69, 70

censorship:

of fan magazines, 122

of films, 67–71, 155

Census Bureau, U.S., 255
n

Cermak, Anton, 29

Chaplin, Charlie, 98, 134, 198, 204

Chase National Bank, 75

“Chasing Rainbows,” 26

Chicago Daily Tribune
, 64, 184

Chicago Defender
, 94, 107, 113

child actors:

abuses against, 4, 50–54, 173

and consumerism, 134–38, 230

eclipsed by adolescent stars, 198

emotional perils of, 199, 224, 234–35

financial ignorance and exploitation of, 230, 231–32, 240–41

financial value of, 53–54

Ford, J. and, 167–69

history of, 53, 104

kidnapping and extortion threats to, 213–15

labor restrictions on, 218

perceived as natural and unspoiled, 226–27

popularity of, 161–62

punishment and physical endangerment of, 52

rationale for, 53–54, 58–59

stage/screen mothers and, 46–47

in theme of
Stand Up and Cheer!
, 57–59

on TV, 243

Child Actors Bill (1939, Coogan Act), 232

Child and the Home, The
(Liber), 225

childhood, children:

African American, 99–100, 147

age and gender division in, 136

allowances in, 230–31

as consumers, 4, 135–49, 199–200, 230, 233, 235–36

cuteness and, 156–59

as distinct stage of life, 156

effects of films on, 68, 126–29, 137

emotional expectations of, 234–35

fears of, 212

imitation by, 126–28

media exploitation of, 212–13

sentimentalization of, 53, 78, 85

ST as embodiment of, 115–16, 119, 125–26, 156–63, 200

as ST fans, 117, 128–31

ST fashions for, 139–41,
140

as unspoiled, 199–200, 205, 219–22, 225–27, 235

child labor:

emotional toll of, 234–35

laws on, 4, 54, 58–59, 156, 218, 234

Child Life
, 125

child psychology, 136

child rearing:

Gertrude Temple perceived as expert in, 222–23, 225–26

of “new type of child,” 137, 199–200

“normality” concept in, 217

ST as model for, 125–26

Childs, Marquis, 257
n

Child Star
(S. T. Black), 224, 233

China, ST’s fame in, 115

Christmas:

merchandising at, 143

in ST film formula, 83–85, 190

Cinema and Theater
, 133

Civil War, U.S., 19, 99, 103–5, 244

Clare, Sidney, 85

Cobb, Irwin S., 88

Cocoanut Grove, 270
n

Coe, Richard, 197

Cokain, Ralph, 166

Colbert, Claudette, 121

Cold War, 243, 244

Colescott, Robert, 106

Collins, Eddie, 190

Columbia Pictures, 65

“Come and Get Your Happiness,” 176

Commerce Department, U.S., 66–67

Communists, 71, 238, 243

Congress, U.S.:

in FDR’s recovery strategy, 31, 32, 37

Hoover’s address to, 11

consumer envy, 147

consumerism, 78, 83, 114–15, 126

by children, 4, 135–49, 199–200, 230, 233, 235–36

cuteness factor in, 157

Hollywood and, 133–38

imitation of ST in, 133–41

international, 147–48

postwar dominance of, 243

ST products in, 5, 82, 83, 120, 126, 131, 137, 138, 141–48,
143
,
145
, 200, 229, 235

see also
merchandising

Coogan, Jackie, 53, 134–35,
134
, 227, 230

financial exploitation of, 231–32

Coogan Act (Child Actors Bill), 232

Coomer, Dorothy, 130–31

Cooper, Gary, 161, 218, 238

Cooper, George, 93

Cotton Club Parade, 270
n

Coughlin, Charles, 44

Covarrubias, Miguel, 75

Crabtree, Mary Ann and Lotta, 224

Crosby, Bing, 38, 55–56, 210

Crowther, Bosley, 197, 238–39

Cuba, ST look-alike contest in, 124–25

Cukor, George, 167

Curly Top
, 152, 153, 161, 162, 171, 178, 279
n

Curtis, Charles, 14

Curtis Publishing, 138

Custen, George F., 278
n

cuteness, 156–65

of ST, 157–58, 163–64, 171, 176–78, 186, 198, 205

Czechoslovakia, 244

Daily Telegraph
, 124,
124

“Dark Cloud of Joy,” 93, 111

daughters:

ST as idealized image of, 118–19, 125–26

transformed view of, 5

David Copperfield
, 167, 214, 231, 241

Davis, Joan, 179

Dell, Dorothy, 77

Del Rio, Dolores, 49–50

Democratic Party, 11, 20, 23, 26, 38, 194

DeSylva, Buddy, 153

Detroit, Mich., 20

Dewey, John, 136

Dickens, Charles, 241

Dietrich, Marlene, 50, 210

Dillon, Frank, 148–49

Dimples
, 163–66, 173, 266
n
, 268
n

Dionne quintuplets, 157

Disney, Walt, 186

“Dixie,” 103

dolls:

celebrity, 148

Shirley Temple, 5, 82, 120, 126, 138, 141–48,
143
,
145

Donaldson, Ted, 235

Doorway to Hell
, 153

Douglas, Melvyn, 40

Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 111

Dunn, James,
56
, 57,
58
, 80–81, 83

Durbin, Deanna, 133, 137, 148, 198

Dwan, Allan, 170–71, 196, 224–25

Ebsen, Buddy, 161

economy:

banking crises in, 8, 12–13, 36–37, 46, 51

1920s boom in, 9–10, 19

see also
Great Depression

Educational Films Corporation, 47–48, 55, 74, 141, 219, 259
n

Edward VIII, king of United Kingdom, 1

Edwards, Anne, 259
n

“egalitarian distinction,” 221–22

Einstein, Albert, 116

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 242, 243

elections, U.S.:

of 1920, 23

of 1928, 9–11, 18, 20, 26

of 1930, 26

of 1932, 16, 19–20, 26–30, 55–56, 90

of 1936, 43

of 1940, 41

Emergency Banking Act, 36

Ethel Meglin’s dance studio, 46–47, 56, 57, 93, 219

Ettlinger, Don, 194

Evening Herald
, 132

Evergreens Cemetery, 112

Fair, J. A., 170

Fairbanks, Douglas, 196, 203

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938), 59

Faithless
, 70

fan clubs, 115

fan magazines, 5, 121–23, 126, 219, 221, 233

see also specific magazines

fan mail, 204–6

fans:

and “egalitarian distinction,” 221–22

and private lives of stars, 202

of ST, 5–6, 114, 123–33, 239

threats and danger from, 202–6, 215–17

fathers, father figures, in ST films, 57, 76–77, 85, 105, 159, 161, 164, 178, 182–83

suggestion of pedophelia in, 81–82

Faye, Alice, 152

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 1, 116, 214–15, 217, 240

Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 79–80

Federal Reserve System, 11, 13

Federal Writers’ Project, 117–18

Ferris, Walter, 182

Fess, Simeon D., 13

Fetchit, Stepin (Lincoln Perry), 62, 88–89, 165, 268
n

Fields, Dorothy, 94

Fields, Lew, 17

fireside chats, 36–40, 44

Flossie Flirt doll, 141

Ford, John, 155, 167–69, 174

Forkins, Marty, 91, 93

Forman, Henry, 126–27

Fort Apache
, 237

Fortune
, 117

42nd Street
, 153–54

Fox, William, 67, 151

Fox Film, 2, 55, 56, 59, 62–67, 73–75,
74
, 80, 84, 86, 115, 122, 124,
124
, 141, 150–52, 155, 177, 208, 217, 219, 220

see also
Twentieth Century–Fox

Frank, Anne, 1, 133

Frolics of Youth series, 48

Front Page, The
, 49

Gable, Clark, 41, 117

Garbo, Greta, 41

Gardella, Tess, 89

Garland, Judy, 46, 93, 148, 181, 185, 188, 198, 224

Gaynor, Janet, 152

Gentleman’s Agreement
, 154

Gettysburg Address, 108–9

Ghana, 244

Girl Who Came Back, The
, 193, 195

Gish, Lillian, 31

Glad Rags to Riches
, 50

Goldman, Mollye, 141, 144

Gone with the Wind
, 104, 181, 237

“Goodnight, My Love,” 173

Gordon, Mack, 196

Gorney, Jay, 55–56

Gover, Mildred, 89

Grapes of Wrath, The
, 154, 198

Grauman, Sid, 203

Great Britain, 66, 69, 147, 211

Great Depression:

African Americans in, 27, 29, 35, 87, 89, 90, 113

deepening of, 15, 17, 27

emotional crisis and healing in, 3–4, 20–21, 29, 45, 78–79, 87, 88, 128–29, 171–72, 179, 184, 198

FDR’s recovery strategy for, 1–3, 6, 21, 29–32, 34–45, 69, 77, 148

full recovery from, 32

Hoover’s failed strategy for, 11–21

image of men in, 77–79

onset of, 11–13, 126

optimism as ideological choice in, 70

smile as symbol of recovery in, 1–2, 26, 34, 80–81, 89, 111, 233, 261
n