The Glory of the Crusades (44 page)
Read The Glory of the Crusades Online
Authors: Steve Weidenkopf
Tags: #History, #Medieval, #Religion, #Christianity, #Catholic
670
Prayer from a thirteenth-century knight in Tyerman,
God’s War
, 921.
671
Quote from the man who tried to assassinate Pope John Paul II in May 1981. Carole Hillenbrand, “The Legacy of the Crusades,” in
Crusades—The Illustrated History
, ed. Thomas F. Madden (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2004), 208.
672
Tyerman,
God’s War
, 918.
673
Andrew Curry, “The First Holy War,”
U.S. News & World Report
, March 31, 2002. Accessed February 2, 2014.
674
Karen Armstrong,
Holy War: The Crusades and Their Impact on Today’s World
, 2nd edition (New York: Random House, 2001), xiv, in Rodney Stark,
God’s Battalions
, 245. For Armstrong’s self-description as a “freelance monotheist,” see “The Freelance Monotheism of Karen Armstrong”, transcript of an interview with Krista Tippett on the show “On Being,” May 8, 2008.
http://www.onbeing.org/program/freelance-monotheism-karen-armstrong/transcript/4487
. Accessed February 2, 2014.
675
Madden,
The New Concise History of the Crusades
, 217.
676
Emmanuel Sivan,
Modern Arab Historiography of the Crusades
(Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, Shiloah Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, 1973), 12, in Stark,
God’s Battalions
, 247.
677
Tyerman,
The Debate on the Crusades
, 150.
678
Madden,
The New Concise History of the Crusades
, 220.
679
One scholar maintains that Muslims remembered Saladin in the centuries after his death, although the argument is not overwhelmingly convincing. Diana Abouali, “Saladin’s Legacy in the Middle East before the Nineteenth Century,”
Crusades
, vol. 10, The Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East (Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2011), 175–189.
680
See Scott's 1825 novel,
The Talisman.
681
Madden,
The New Concise History of the Crusades
, 219.
682
Ibid.
683
Tyerman,
The Debate on the Crusades
, 239
.
684
Ibid.
685
Maalouf,
The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
, 266.
686
Riley-Smith,
The Crusades
, 307.
687
Madden,
The New Concise History of the Crusades
, 222.
688
Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi,
Kitab al-Maghazi
, vol. 3 (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), 1113, in Karsh,
Islamic Imperialism
, 19.
689
Belloc,
The Crusades,
5.
690
Piers Paul Read, Foreword, in Regine Pernoud’s
The Templars—Knights of Christ
, trans. Henry Taylor (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2009), 7.
691
Tyerman,
God’s War
, 917.
Timeline of Crusades and Other Major Events
Dates | Crusade | Pope | Christian Warriors | Opponents | Events | Locations |
1096–1102 | First | Bl. Urban II | Hugh of Vermandois, Raymond of Toulouse, Robert of Normandy, Stephen of Blois, Robert II of Flanders, Godfrey de Bouillon, Bohemond, Bishop Adhemar | Kilij Arslan, Kerbogha | Liberation of Nicaea and Antioch. Battle of Dorylaeum, Liberation of Jerusalem, Establishment of Crusader States | Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), Syria, Holy Land |
1147–1149 | Second | Bl. Eugenius III | St. Bernard of Clairvaux, King Louis VII of France, Conrad III of Germany | Zengi, Nur-al Din | Siege of Damascus | Damascus |
1187 | Urban III | King Guy de Lusignan, Raymond III of Tripoli, Reynald of Châtillon, Balian of Ibelin | Saladin | Battle of Hattin, Fall of Jerusalem | Outrémer | |
1189–1192 | Third | Gregory VIII | Frederick Barbarossa, Richard the Lion-Hearted, Philip II Augustus | Saladin | Conquest of Cyprus, Siege of Acre, Battle of Arsuf | Cyprus, Anatolia, Syria, Outrémer |
1201–1205 | Fourth | Innocent III | Thibaut III of Champagne, Enrico Dandolo, Boniface of Montferrat, Alexius Angelus | Alexius III, Alexius V | Sieges of Zara and Constantinople | Venice, Dalmatia, Constantinople |
1218–1221 | Fifth | Innocent III | King John of Brienne, Cardinal Pelagius, St. Francis of Assisi | al-Kamil | Siege of Damietta | Egypt |
1228–1229 | Sixth | Gregory IX | Frederick II | al-Kamil | Jerusalem | Outrémer |
1248–1254 | 1st Crusade | Innocent IV | St. Louis IX | Turan Shah | Siege of Damietta, Mansourah | Egypt, Outrémer |
1269–1272 | 2nd Crusade | Clement IV | St. Louis IX | Baybars | Tunis | North Africa |
1291 | Nicholas IV | King Henry II of Jerusalem, Amalric | al-Mansur Qalawun, al-Ashraf Khalil | Fall of Acre | Outrémer | |
1453 | Nicholas V | Constantine XI | Mehmet II | Fall of Constantinople | Constantinople | |
1565 | Pius IV | Jean de La Valette | Suleiman the Magnificent, Mustapha Pasha, Piyale | Siege of Malta | Malta | |
1571 | St. Pius V | Don Juan of Austria | Selim II, Ali Pasha | Battle of Lepanto | Gulf of Lepanto | |
1683 | Bl. Innocent XI | Emperor Leopold I, Rüdiger Starhemberg, King Jan Sobieski | Mehmet IV, Kara Mustapha | Siege of Vienna | Austria |
Bibliography
• Ali, Daniel and Spencer, Robert.
Inside Islam: A Guide for Catholics
. West Chester, PA: Ascension Press, 2003.
• Barron, Robert.
Catholicism—A Journey to the Heart of the Faith
. New York: Image Books, 2011.
• Beeching, Jack.
The Galleys at Lepanto
. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1982.
• Belloc, Hilaire.
The Crusades—The World’s Debate
. Rockford, IL: TAN Books and Publishers, Inc., 1992.
• Benedict XVI.
Holy Men and Women of the Middle Ages and Beyond—General Audiences, 13 January 2010–26 January 2011
. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2012.
• Bostom, Andrew G., ed.
The Legacy of Jihad—Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims
. New York: Prometheus Books, 2005.
• Brandmüller, Walter.
Light and Shadows—Church History Amid Faith, Fact and Legend
. trans. Michael J. Miller. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2009.
• Carroll, Warren H. “
The Glory of Christendom—Volume III”
in
A History of Christendom
. Front Royal, VA: Christendom Press, 1993.
• Carroll, Warren H. and Carroll, Anne W. “
The Crisis of Christendom—Volume VI”
in
A History of Christendom
. Front Royal, VA: Christendom Press, 2013.
• Chesterton, G.K.
Lepanto
—
with Explanatory Notes and Commentary
. ed. Dale Ahlquist. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2003.
•
Clark, Kenneth.
Civilisation—A Personal View
. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1969.
•
Comby, Jean.
How to Read Church History, Volume I—From the Beginnings to the Fifteenth Century
. New York: Crossroads, 2001.