The Future (78 page)
Authors: Al Gore
193
compared to 8 percent in 1970—of college students in Saudi Arabia were women
UNESCO Institute for Statistics,
Global Education Digest 2009: Comparing Education Statistics Across the World
, 2009,
http://www.uis.unesco.org/template/pdf/ged/2009/GED_2009_EN.pdf
, p. 227.
194
Arab states is now 48 percent; in Iran 51 percent
UNESCO Institute for Statistics,
Global Education Digest 2011
, 2011,
http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/ged-2011.aspx
.
195
67 of the 120 nations for which statistics are available
Gary S. Becker, William H. J. Hubbard, and Kevin M. Murphy, “The Market for College Graduates and the Worldwide Boom in Higher Education of Women,”
American Economic Review
100, no. 2 (2010): 229–33.
196
The world average is 51 percent
Ibid.; World Bank,
The Road Not Traveled: Education Reform in the Middle East and North Africa
, MENA Development Report, 2008,
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/EDU_Flagship_Full_ENG.pdf
, p. 171.
197
61 percent of master degrees, and 51 percent of doctoral degrees
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, “Fast Facts,” 2010,
http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=72
.
198
has announced plans to allow women to vote beginning in 2015
“Saudi Women to Receive Right to Vote—in 2015,” NPR, September 26, 2011,
http://www.npr.org/2011/09/26/140818249/saudi-women-get-the-vote
.
199
only 18 percent of the gap in political participation
Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, and Saadia Zahidi, “The Global Gender Gap Index 2010,”
Global Gender Gap Report 2010
, 2010,
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2010.pdf
.
200
two women have entered the workplace for every man
“A Guide to Womenomics,”
Economist
, April 12, 2006.
201
with 83 women in the workforce for every 100 men
Ibid.
202
filling between 60 and 80 percent of the jobs
Ibid.
203
“has contributed much more to global growth than China has”
Ibid.
204
responsible for producing slightly less than 40 percent of GDP
Ibid.
205
contribution of women to GDP would be well over 50 percent
Ibid.
206
who work outside the home skyrocketed from 12 percent to 55 percent
Robert R. Reich,
Aftershock: The Next Economy and America’s Future
(New York: Knopf, 2010), p. 61.
207
rose during the same three decades from 20 to 60 percent
Ibid.
208
all adds up to what Kessler calls “conditioned hyper-eating”
Tara Parker-Pope, “How the Food Makers Captured Our Brains,”
New York Times
, June 23, 2009.
209
playing outside in neighborhoods that, relatively speaking, are prone to more violence
Rebecca Cecil-Carb and Andrew Grogan-Kaylor, “Childhood Body Mass Index in Community Context: Neighborhood Safety, Television Viewing and Growth Trajectories of BMI,”
Health and Social Work
34 (March 2009): 169–77.
210
partly because of the increased participation of women in the workforce
United Nations Division for Social Policy and Development Division, Family Unit, 2003–2004, Major Trends Affecting Families, “Introduction,”
http://social.un.org/index/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=LJsVbHQC7Ss%3d&tabid=282
.
211
between 20 and 30 percent of all divorces
Carl Bialik, “Irreconcilable Claim: Facebook Causes 1 in 5 Divorces,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 12, 2011; Carl Bialik, “Divorcing Hype from Reality in Facebook Stats,”
Wall Street Journal
blog, March 11, 2011,
http://blogs.wsj.com/numbersguy/divorcing-hype-from-reality-in-facebook-stats-1046/
.
212
Now, only one quarter are
Pew Research Center, “The Decline of Marriage and Rise of New Families,” November 18, 2010,
http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1802/decline-marriage-rise-new-families
.
213
and having children—without getting married
Ibid.
214
are now born to unmarried women
Ibid.
215
were born to unmarried mothers
Ibid.
216
among mothers under thirty is 50 percent
Jason DeParle and Sabrina Tavernise, “For Women Under 30, Most Births Occur Outside Marriage,”
New York Times
, February 17, 2012.
217
Among African American mothers of all ages
Ibid.
218
the percentage is now 73 percent
Ibid.
219
Iceland, Norway, Finland, and Sweden; the lowest rank goes to Yemen
Hausmann, Tyson, and Zahidi, “The Global Gender Gap Index 2010.”
220
the lowest percentage (11.4 percent) in the Arab states
Inter-Parliamentary Union, “Women in National Parliaments,” April 30, 2011,
http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm
.
221
a constitutional requirement that a minimum of 30 percent
Catherine Rampell, “A Female Parliamentary Majority in Just One Country: Rwanda,”
New York Times
, Economix blog, March 9, 2010,
http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/women-underrepresented-in-parliaments-around-the-world/
; Inter-Parliamentary Union, “Women in National Parliaments.”
222
only 7 percent of corporate boards in the world
“A Guide to Womenomics,”
Economist
.
223
have also fallen below the replacement rate
Steven Philip Kramer, “Baby Gap: How to Boost Birthrates and Avoid Demographic Decline,”
Foreign Affairs
, May/June 2012.
224
The U.S. birthrate fell to an all-time low in 2011
Terence P. Jeffrey, “CDC: U.S. Birth Rate Hits All-Time Low; 40.7% of Babies Born to Unmarried Women,” CNS News, October 31, 2012,
http://cnsnews.com/news/article/cdc-us-birth-rate-hits-all-time-low-407-babies-born-unmarried-women
.
225
64 million by 2100
Bryan Walsh, “Japan: Still Shrinking,”
Time
, August 28, 2006.
226
career paths after having children, and other benefits
Kramer, “Baby Gap.”
227
now once again nearly at their replacement rate of fertility
Ibid.
228
not yet been able to slow their fertility declines
Ibid.
229
greater per capita expense of U.S. health care
Simon Rogers, “Healthcare Spending Around the World, Country by Country,”
Guardian
, June 30, 2012; Harvey Morris, “U.S. Healthcare Costs More Than ‘Socialized’ European Medicine,”
International Herald Tribune
, June 28, 2012.
230
year 2000 are projected to live past the age of 100
“Most Babies Born Today May Live Past 100,” ABC News, October 1, 2009,
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/WellnessNews/half-todays-babies-expected-live-past-100/story?id=8724273
.
231
will live to be more than 104
Ibid.
232
less than thirty years; some believe much less
Nicholas Wade, “Genetic Data and Fossil Evidence Tell Differing Tales of Human Origins,”
New York Times
, July 27, 2012; Sonia Arrison, “Average Life Expectancy Through History,”
Wall Street Journal
, August 27, 2011.
233
but not until the middle of the nineteenth century
Arrison, “Average Life Expectancy Through History.”
234
and in most industrial countries are now in the high seventies
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision;
Arrison, “Average Life Expectancy Through History.”
235
aged sixty-five and older within the next quarter century
Ted C. Fishman, “As Populations Age, a Chance for Younger Nations,”
New York Times Magazine
, October 17, 2010.
236
and by 2050 fully one third of Chinese will be sixty or older
Ibid.; Joseph Chamie, former director of the United Nations Population Division, “The Battle of the Billionaires: China vs. India,”
Globalist
, October 4, 2010.
237
percentage of the elderly will still be half that in China
Chamie, “The Battle of the Billionaires: China vs. India.”
238
the Japanese bought more adult diapers than baby diapers
Sam Jones and Ben McLannahan, “Hedge Funds Say Shorting Japan Will Work,”
Financial Times
, November 29, 2012.
239
increase from twenty-eight today to forty by midcentury
Ibid.
240
contributed to the pressures that resulted in the French Revolution
NPR, “In Arab Conflicts, the Young Are the Restless,” NPR, February 8, 2012,
http://www.npr.org/2011/02/09/133567583/in-arab-conflicts-the-young-are-the-restless
.
241
majority of the revolutions in developing countries
Jack Goldstone, “Population and Security: How Demographic Change Can Lead to Violent Conflict,”
Journal of International Affairs
56 (2002).
242
coincided with the young adulthood of the post–World War II
Kenneth Weiss, “Runaway Population Growth Often Fuels Youth-Driven Uprisings,”
Los Angeles Times
, July 22, 2012.
243
twice the rate of countries generally
“In Arab Conflicts, the Young Are the Restless,” NPR.
244
have been in nations with youth bulges
“The Hazards of Youth,”
WorldWatch
, October 2004.
245
during a period of food price hikes around the world
Joseph Chamie, “A ‘Youth Bulge’ Feeds Arab Discontent,”
Daily Star
, April 15, 2011; Ashley Fantz, “Tunisian on Life One Year Later: No Fear,” CNN, December 16, 2011,
http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/16/world/meast/tunisia-immolation-anniversary/index.html
.
246
number of jobs available to them is exceptionally low
Madawi Al-Rasheed, “Yes, It Could Happen Here: Why Saudi Arabia Is Ripe for Revolution,”
Foreign Policy
, February 28, 2011.
247
will reach only 40 by midcentury
Fishman, “As Populations Age, a Chance for Younger Nations.”
248
fertility of immigrant populations
Ibid.
249
population of developed countries to 10 percent
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “Trends in International Migrant Stock: Migrants by Age and Sex,”
http://esa.un.org/MigAge/index.asp?panel=8
; United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, “Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision,” July 2009,
http://www.un.org/esa/population/migration/UN_MigStock_2008.pdf
.
250
increase from 7.2 percent twenty years earlier
Ibid.
251
moved from one region to another inside countries
Fiona Harvey, “Climate Change Could Trap Hundreds of Millions in Disaster Areas, Report Claims,”
Guardian
, October 20, 2011.
252
developing country to developed regions of the world
Report of the Secretary-General, United Nations General Assembly, “International Migration and Development,” May 18, 2006.
253
“are about as numerous as those moving ‘South-to-North’ ”
Ibid.
254
including Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Algeria
Anne-Sophie Labadie, “Greek Far-Right Rise Cows Battered Immigrants,”
Daily Star
, May 25, 2012.
255
the trans-Caucasus region, where there are significant Muslim populations
Atryom Liss, “Neo-Nazi Skinheads Jailed in Russia for Racist Killings,” BBC, February 25, 2010,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8537861.stm
; Mansur Mirovalev, “Russia: Far-Right Nationalists and Neo-Nazis March in Moscow,” Associated Press, November 4, 2011.
256
three quarters of them have less than one million people
Report of the Secretary-General, “International Migration and Development.”
257
make up 10 percent of the population or more
United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, “Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2008 Revision.”
258
2,100-mile-long, 2.5-meter-high iron fence
Kurt M. Campbell et al., “The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change,” Center for Strategic & International Studies, November 2007,
http://www.climateactionproject.com/docs/071105_ageofconsequences.pdf
.
259
a surge of internal migration from low-lying coastal areas and offshore islands
Ibid.
260
in the Bay of Bengal, where four million people currently live
Ibid.
261
population of Bangladesh
Ibid.