The Eichmann Trial (28 page)

58.
Arendt to Jaspers, Aug. 6, 1961; Feb. 19, 1966; both in Arendt and Jaspers,
Correspondence
, pp. 445, 628; Elźbieta Ettinger,
Hannah Arendt / Martin Heidegger
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), p. 114.

59.
Leora, Bilsky,
Transformative Justice
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004), pp. 94–95.

60.
Alfred Kazin,
New York Jew
(New York: Knopf, 1978), p. 218.

61.
Arendt to Jaspers, Oct. 1, 1967, in Arendt and Jaspers,
Correspondence
, pp. 674–75; Arendt to McCarthy, Oct. 17, 1969; Oct. 16, 1973; both in
Between Friends
, ed. Brightman, pp. 249, 349–50.

62.
Yosef Gorny,
Between Auschwitz and Jerusalem
(London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003), p. 45.

63.
Notes for a lecture given at Wesleyan University, January 11, 1962, in Young-Bruehl,
Hannah Arendt
, p. 339. Young Bruehl observes that she made this statement before
Eichmann in Jerusalem
was written.

Conclusion

1.
Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
(New York: Holocaust Library, 1968), p. 452.

2.
Though the trial did strengthen Germany’s commitment to finding and prosecuting war criminals, some of these investigations, such as the one Lothar Hermann read about in the newspaper, were already in the planning stages prior to the proceedings in Jerusalem. Jeffrey Herf, “Politics and Memory in West and East Germany Since 1961,”
Journal of Israeli History
, vol. 23, no. 1 (Spring 2004), pp. 40–64; Mary Fulbrook,
German National Identity After the Holocaust
(Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press, 2002), pp. 70–71.

3.
Tom Segev,
The Seventh Million
(New York: Henry Holt, 1991), p. 361.

4.
Hasia Diner,
We Remember with Reverence and Love
(New York: NYU Press, 2009); David Cesarani, “Introduction,” in
After Eichmann
, ed. Cesarani (New York: Routledge, 2005), pp. 1–3; Anita Shapira, “The Holocaust: Private Memories, Public Memory,”
Jewish Social Studies
, vol. 4, no. 2 (1998), pp. 40–58.

5.
Dalia Ofer, “The Strength of Remembrance,”
Jewish Social Studies
, vol. 6, no. 2 (2000), p. 37.

6.
Divrei HaKnesset (Records of the Knesset
), vol. 9, pp. 1655–57; vol. 26, pp. 1386–88; vol. 31, pp. 1264, 1306; vol. 80, pp. 564–66.

7.
Boaz Cohen, “The Birth Pangs of Holocaust Research in Israel,”
Yad Vashem Studies
, vol. 33, pp. 203–43.

8.
For a more complete discussion of the treatment of the Holocaust in American popular culture, see Jeffrey Shandler,
While America Watches
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).

9.
Haim Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
(Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004), p. 324; Sidra DeKoven Ezrahi,
By Words Alone
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), p. 206ff. The recollections by Beisky, Gutman, and Wigoder are in
The Trial of Adolf Eichmann
[video recording] (Burbank: PBS Home Video, 1997),
http://remember.org/eichmann/participants.htm
.

10.
Jacob Robinson,
And the Crooked Shall Be Made Straight
(New York: Macmillan, 1968), p. 138; Leora Bilsky,
Transformative Justice
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2004), p. 111.

11.
Moshe Prager in
Davar
, May 12, 1961, in Idith Zertal,
Israel’s Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 96.

12.
Ben-Gurion quoted in Yechiam Weitz, “The Holocaust on Trial: The Impact of the Kasztner and Eichmann Trials on Israeli Society,”
Israel Studies
, vol. 1, no. 2 (Fall 1996), p. 17.

13.
Hanna Yablonka, “The Development of Holocaust Consciousness in Israel,”
Israel Studies
, vol. 8, no. 3 (Fall 2003), p. 11; Dorothy Rabinowitz,
New Lives
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976), pp. 18–19.

14.
Hannah Yablonka,
The State of Israel vs. Adolf Eichmann
(New York: Schocken, 2004), p. 231.

15.
Ibid., p. 165; Hanna Yablonka, “Development,” pp. 16–17.

16.
Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
, pp. 274–75.

17.
Ravikovitz in Ezrahi,
By Words Alone
, p. 206; Bilsky,
Transformative Justice
, p. 97.

18.
Anita Shapira, “The Eichmann Trial,” in
After Eichmann
, ed. Cesarani, p. 33; Alan Mintz, “Foreword,” Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
, pp. x-xi; Hanna Yablonka,
Israel vs. Eichmann
, p. 162; Bilsky,
Transformative Justice
, p. 102.

19.
Yablonka,
Israel vs. Eichmann
, pp. 248–49;
EIJ
, p. 271.

20.
Bruno Bettelheim, “The Informed Heart,” in
Out of the Whirlwind
, ed. Jacob Landau (New York: UAHC, 1968) pp. 40, 44, 47; Raul Hilberg,
Politics of Memory
(Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996), pp. 154–55; Rabinowitz,
New Lives
, p. 174ff.

21.
Paul Jacobs, “Eichmann and Jewish Identity,”
New Leader
, July 3, 1961, pp. 14–15.

22.
Shoshana Felman,
The Juridical Unconscious: Trials and Traumas in the Twentieth Century
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002), p. 127.

23.
In
Irving v. Penguin UK and Lipstadt
my defense team decided not to call survivors as witnesses. We did not want to suggest to the judge that we needed witnesses of fact, which is what survivors would have been, in order to
prove
the existence of the Holocaust. We presented the Holocaust as an established fact that needed no validation. We wanted the focus to be solely on Irving and his lies. Furthermore, since Irving was representing himself, we did not want to subject elderly survivors to a cross-examination, which we feared would be designed by Irving to humiliate and confuse them.

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