The Eichmann Trial (26 page)

Chapter 3

1.
Hanna Yablonka,
The State of Israel vs. Adolf Eichmann
(New York: Schocken, 2004), p. 131.

2.
Jacob Robinson,
And the Crooked Shall Be Made Straight
(New York: Macmillan, 1965), p. 210.

3.
Gideon Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
(New York: Holocaust Library, 1968), pp. 278–79; Avner Less, “Introduction,”
Eichmann Interrogated: Transcripts from the Archives of the Israeli Police
, ed. Jochen von Lang and Claus Sibyll (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1982), pp. vii, xxi [hereafter Lang]; Stephan Landsman,
Crimes of the Holocaust
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005), pp. 57–59.

4.
David Cesarani,
Becoming Eichmann: Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a “Desk Murderer”
(Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus, 2004), p. 23.

5.
Ibid., p. 31.

6.
Ibid., p. 35.

7.
George C. Browder,
Foundations of the Nazi Police State
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990), p. 226; Cesarani,
Becoming Eichmann
, pp. 33–35, 39.

8.
“Statement Made by Adolf Eichmann to the Israel Police Prior to His Trial in Jerusalem,” in
The Trial of Adolf Eichmann
(Jerusalem: Israel State Archives, 1995), col. 63; Heinz Hohne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
(London: Martin Kecker & Warburg Unlimited, 1970), p. 334.

9.
Hans Safrian,
Eichmann’s Men
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Washington, D.C.: USHMM, 2010), p. 19; Lang, pp. 42–47; Cesarani,
Becoming Eichmann
, p. 54.

10.
Saul Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
(New York: HarperCollins, 1997), p. 200; Yaacov Lozowick,
Hitler’s Bureaucrats
(London: Continuum, 2000), p. 25.

11.
Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
, p. 293.

12.
Samuel Kassow,
Who Will Write Our History? Emanuel Ringelblum, the Warsaw Ghetto, and the Oyneg Shabes Archive
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007), p. 201.

13.
Though Auerbach’s department played a crucial role in helping the prosecution, other departments at Yad Vashem were far less successful in doing so. The prosecutorial team expressed frustration with them. Yablonka,
Israel vs. Eichmann
, pp. 73–74; Boaz Cohen, “Rachel Auerbach, Yad Vashem, and Israeli Holocaust Memory,”
Polin
, vol. 20 (2008), pp. 213–15; Hanna Yablonka, “Preparing the Eichmann Trial: Who Really Did the Job?”
Theoretical Inquiries in Law
, vol. 1, no. 2 (July 2000), pp. 13–15.

14.
TAE
, pp. 1–8.

15.
Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
, p. 292.

Chapter 4

1.
Jewish Daily Forward
, April 12, 1961;
New York Times
, Aug. 2, 1961; M. Tsanin, “About the Yiddish Bulletins of the Eichmann Trial,”
Jewish Daily Forward
, April 16, 1961, as cited in Jeffrey Shandler,
While American Watches: Televising the Holocaust
(New York: Oxford University Press 1997), pp. 109, 116.

2.
Devin O. Pendas,
The Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial, 1963–1965
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 11;
TAE
, pp. 20–23; Alan S. Rosenbaum,
Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals
(Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993), pp. 88–91.

3.
Sunday Times
(London), April 16, 1961;
New York Herald Tribune
, April 15, 1961;
The Observer
, April 13, 1961;
Daily Telegraph
, April 19, 1961; all in Gideon Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
(New York: Holocaust Library, 1968), pp. 320–21;
Washington Post
, April 30, 1961.

4.
TAE
, pp. 60-61.

5.
Ibid., p. 62.

6.
Hannah Arendt,
Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil
, revised and enlarged edition (New York: Penguin, 1994), p. 19 [hereafter
EIJ
];
New York Times
, April 18, 1961; Haim Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
(Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004), p. 7;
Washington Post
, April 30, 1961; Moshe Pearlman,
The Capture and Trial of Adolf Eichmann
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963), p. 147.

7.
TAE
, pp. 82, 95,101.

8.
David Cesarani,
Becoming Eichmann: Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a “Desk Murderer”
(Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus, 2004), p. 300.

9.
Ibid., pp. 135–38.

10.
Ibid., p. 183ff.

11.
Ibid., pp. 252–54.

12.
Ibid., p. 268.

13.
Ibid., p. 67; Hans Safrian,
Eichmann’s Men
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 36.

14.
TAE
, p. 285.

15.
Lang
, p. 57
;TAE
, pp. 234–35.

16.
TAE
, pp. 266–68.

17.
Ibid., pp. 227–28.

18.
Karl A. Schleunes, ed.,
Legislating the Holocaust: The Bernard Loesner Memoirs and Supporting Documents
(Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2001), pp. 74–75; Hans Safrian,
Eichmann’s Men
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Washington, D.C.: USHMM, 2010), pp. 27–38.

19.
TAE
, pp. 299–300; Yaacov Lozowick,
Hitler’s Bureaucrats
(London: Continuum, 2000), p. 63.

20.
Hanna Yablonka,
The State of Israel vs. Adolf Eichmann
(New York: Schocken, 2004), p. 89.

21.
TAE
, pp. 323–26, 517.

22.
Ibid., pp. 578–79, 584.

23.
Ibid., pp. 333–34.

24.
Ibid., p. 349.

25.
EIJ
, p. 11; Gideon Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
(New York: Holocaust Library, 1968), pp. 176–77; Gideon Hausner, “Eichmann and His Trial,”
Saturday Evening Post
, Nov. 10, 1962, p. 59; Yechiam Weitz, “In the Name of Six Million Accusers: Gideon Hausner as Attorney-general and His Place in the Eichmann Trial,”
Israel Studies
, Summer 2009, pp. 33, 38.

26.
TAE
, pp.398, 400–01, 412.

27.
Ibid., pp. 460–61.

28.
Ibid., p. 466.

29.
Ibid., pp. 1124–25.

30.
Ibid., pp. 640–41; Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
, pp. 55–56.

31.
TAE
, pp. 366, 396, 722, 724–29.

32.
Ibid., pp. 736, 737, 742, 746–47.

33.
Ibid., pp. 748–49, 751; Martha Gellhorn, “Eichmann and the Private Conscience,”
Atlantic Monthly
, Feb. 1962.

34.
TAE
, p. 1784.

35.
Raul Hilberg,
The Destruction of European Jews
(Chicago: Quadrangle, 1961), p. 529; Randolph L. Braham,
The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust
in Hungary
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), pp. 465–68, 587–89; Jeno Levai,
Eichmann in Hungary
(Budapest: Pannonia Press, 1961), pp. 69–71.

36.
TAE
, p. 966.

37.
Ibid., pp. 1020, 1072; see also Yehuda Bauer,
Jews for Sale
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 168.

38.
TAE
, pp. 1048–50, 1059–60, 1071.

39.
Ibid., pp. 964–65, 968.

40.
Ibid., pp. 957, 975–86; Braham,
The Politics of Genocide
, pp. 891–93; Levai,
Eichmann in Hungary
, pp. 127–28; Stephan Landsman,
Crimes of the Holocaust
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005), pp. 107–09.

41.
TAE
, p. 1088; Cesarani, p. 185.

42.
TAE
, pp. 1096–97.

43.
Ibid., pp. 1111–13; Braham,
The Politics of Genocide
, pp. 957, 967.

44.
TAE
, p. 1114; Levai,
Eichmann in Hungary
, p. 101; Lozowick,
Hitler’s Bureaucrats
, p. 265.

45.
TAE
, pp. 1354, 1451; see also Klaus-Michael Mallmann and Martin Cüppers,
Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine
(New York: Enigma Books, 2010); and Jeffrey Herf,
Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009).

46.
TAE
, pp. 1365–67.

Chapter 5

1.
TAE
, pp. 1420, 1424, 1428, 1478, 1492.

2.
Ibid., pp. 1375–77, 1399, 1402, 1416–17, 1431.

3.
Ibid., p. 1423.

4.
Ibid., pp. 1375, 1431–32; Lang, p. ix.

5.
Ibid., pp. 1538, 1525–26, 1541–42, 1567.

6.
Ibid., pp. 1538–40.

7.
Ibid., pp. 1568;
Time
, June 30, 1961;
The Observer
, June 28, 1961; Haim Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
(Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004), pp. 167, 191.

8.
Ibid., pp. 1381, 1398, 1415–16, 1474–75, 1468.

9.
New York Times
, June 21, 25, 26, 1961; July 9, 1961.

10.
Martha Gellhorn, “Eichmann and the Private Conscience,”
Atlantic Monthly
, Feb. 1962, p. 58; Joseph Kessel, in
France-Soir
, July 7, 1961, in Gideon Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
(New York: Holocaust Library, 1968), p. 367.

11.
Moshe Pearlman,
The Capture and Trial of Adolf Eichmann
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963), p. 466;
TAE
, pp. 1575, 1576; Leon Poliakov, “The Eichmann Trial: The Proceedings,”
American Jewish Yearbook
, 1963, p. 79.

12.
Lang, p. 60;
TAE
, pp. 1602–05.

13.
TAE
, p. 1606;
Washington Post
, July 12, 1961; Heinz Hohne,
The Order of the Death’s Head
(London: Martin Kecker & Warburg Unlimited, 1970), pp. 328–30.

14.
TAE
, pp. 1610–11.

15.
TAE
, pp. 1610, 1620–21.

16.
TAE
, pp. 1625–26.

17.
Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
, p. 108.

18.
TAE
, pp. 1626–27, 1680.

19.
Ibid., pp. 1680–81; see also Gunnar S. Paulsson, “ ‘Bridge over the Oresund’: The Historiography on the Expulsion of the Jews from Nazi-Occupied Denmark,”
Journal of Contemporary History
, July 1995, pp. 431–64.

20.
TAE
, pp. 1785–87.

21.
Pearlman,
Capture and Trial of Eichmann
, p. 466; Poliakov, “Eichmann Trial,” p. 79; Harry Mulisch,
Criminal Case 40/61: The Trial of Adolf Eichmann
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005), pp. 52, 141; Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
, p. 198.

22.
Hausner,
Justice in Jerusalem
, pp. 312, 368.

23.
New York Times
, July 16, 1961; Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
, p. 213.

24.
Israeli Criminal Procedure Law (Integrated Version), 1982, sects. 175, 176.

25.
Omer Bartov,
The Jew in the Cinema
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004), p. 81; Gouri,
Facing the Glass Booth
, p. 226;
TAE
, pp. 1803–04; Hanna Yablonka,
The State of Israel vs. Adolf Eichmann
(New York: Schocken, 2004), pp. 138–39; David Cesarani,
Becoming Eichmann:
Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a “Desk Murderer”
(Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus, 2004), p. 300.