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1794

 

8 December

Return of some surviving Girondins to the Convention

24 December

Maximum
abolished

 

1795

 

23 January

Amsterdam occupied

17 February

Hoche brings temporary peace to La Vendée

21 February

Decree separating Church and State

5 March

Carnot leaves Committee of Public Safety

1 April

Jourée
of 12
Germinal

5 April

Peace with Prussia signed at Basle

16 April

Peace with Holland signed at the Hague

20–23 May

Journées
of
Prairial

23 May

Parisian
sections
disarmed

May – June

The White Terror

8 June

Death of Dauphin

24 June

Comte de Provence, self-styled Louis XVIII, issues proclamation from Verona

27 June

Émigrés
land at Quiberon Bay

20 July

Émigrés
defeated by Hoche.

22 July

Peace with Spain signed

22 August

Convention approves Constitution of the Year III

4–6 October

Journées of Vendémiaire

26 October

Convention is dissolved. Directory is inaugurated

 

1796

 

2 March

Bonaparte becomes General of the Army of Italy

28 April

Armistice of Cherasco with Piedmont

10 May

Bonaparte defeats Austrians at Lodi

16 November

Bonaparte’s victory at Arcola

 

1797

 

12 May

Democratic republic set up at Venice

27 May

Babeuf executed

15 June

Ligurian republic set up at Genoa

9 July

Cisalpine republic set up at Milan

4 September

Coup d’état
of 18
Fructidor

 

1797

 

18 October

Peace with Austria secured by Treaty of Campo-Formio

10 December

Bonaparte returns to Paris

 

1798

 

15 February

Proclamation of Roman republic

12 April

Proclamation of Helvetian republic

18 May

Bonaparte sails for Egypt

1 August

Battle of the Nile

 

1799

 

26 January

Proclamation of Parthenopean Republic at Naples

12 March

War declared on Austria

20 May

Sieyès joins the Directory

15 August

Suvarov defeats Joubert at Novi

26 September

Massena defeats Russians at Zurich

9 October

Bonaparte lands at Fréjus

9 November

Coup d’état
of
Brumaire

A complete biography (if it were possible to compile one) would occupy far more pages than there are in this book. There is a good selective bibliography in Lefebvre’s history, and shorter ones in the histories by Soboul, Roberts, Goodwin and Hampson. This list is a highly personal selection.

 

ASCHERSON, NEAL
(ed.),
The French Revolution: Extracts from
The Times,
1789–1794
, Times Books, 1975

AULARD, ALPHONSE
,
The French Revolution: A Political History, 1789–1804
, trans. Bernard Miall, 1910

BEIK, P. H.
(ed.),
The French Revolution
, Macmillan, 1971

BERNARD, J. F.
,
Talleyrand: A Biography
, Collins, 1973

BIENVENU, RICHARD
(ed.),
The Ninth of Thermidor: Fall of Robespierre
, Oxford University Press, 1968

BIRÉ, EDMOND
,
The Diary of a Citizen of Paris during the Terror
, trans. John de Villiers, 1896, 2 vols.

BLANC, LOUIS
,
Histoire de la Révolution française
, Paris 1847–1862, 12 vols.

BOULOISEAU, M.
,
La République jacobine–10 août 1792–9 Thermidor an II
, Paris, 1972

BRADBY, E.D.
,
The Life of Barnave
, Oxford, 1915, 2 vols.

BRAESCH, F.
,
La Commune du 10 août 1792
, Paris, 1911

BRINTON, CRANE
,
A Decade of Revolution 1789–99
, 1934

BRUCKNER, GENE A.
,
Jean-Sylvain Bailly: Revolutionary Mayor of Paris
, University of Illinois Press, 1950

BUCKMAN, PETER
,
Lafayette: A Biography
, Paddington Press, 1977
Cambridge Modern History, vol. VIII., The French Revolution
, Cambridge University Press, 1934

CAMPAN, MADAME
,
Mémoires
, 1833

CARON, PIERRE
,
Massacres de septembre
, Paris, 1935;
Paris pendant la Terreur
, Paris, 1910–58, 5 vols.;
La Première Terreur
, Paris, 1950

CLAPHAM, J. H.
,
Abbé Sieyès
, 1912

COBB, RICHARD
,
Les Armées Revolutionnaires
, Paris, 1961–3, 2 vols.;
Death in Paris, 1795–1801
, Oxford University Press, 1978;
Paris and its Provinces, 1792–1802
, Oxford University Press, 1975;
The Police and the People. French Popular Protest, 1789–1820
, Oxford University Press, 1970;
Reactions to the French Revolution
, Oxford University Press, 1972;
Terreur et subsistances 1793–1795
, Paris, 1965

COBBAN, ALFRED
,
Aspects of the French Revolution
, Cape, 1968;
A History of Modern France
, Volume
I
: 1755–1799, third edition, Pelican Books, 1963;
The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution
, Cambridge University Press, 1964

COLE, HUBERT
,
Fouché: The Unprincipled Patriot
, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1972

COOPER, DUFF
,
Talleyrand
, Cape, 1938

CRONIN, VINCENT
,
Louis and Antoinette
, Collins, 1974;
Napoleon
, Collins, 1971

CURTIS, E. N.
,
Saint-Just, Colleague of Robespierre
, London, 1935

DAWSON, CHRISTOPHER
,
The Gods of Revolution
, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1972

DAWSON, PHILIP
(ed.),
The French Revolution
, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1967

DESMOULINS, CAMILLE
,
Le Vieux Cordelier
, Paris, 1936

ELLIOTT, SIR JOHN
,
The Way of the Tumbrils
, Rheinhart, 1958

FERRIÈRES, MARQUIS DE
,
Mémoires
, Paris, 1822, 3 vols.

FERSEN, HANS AXEL VON
,
Rescue the Queen: A Diary of the French Revolution, 1789–1793
, Bell, 1971

FISHER, JOHN
,
The Elysian Fields: France in Ferment, 1789–1804
, Cassell, 1966

FUNCK-BRENTANO, F.
,
Scèines et tableaux de la Révolution
, Paris, 1934

GARNIER, JEAN-PAUL
,
Barras
, Paris, 1970

GAUTHIER, FLORENCE
,
La voi paysanne dans la Révolution française: L’exemple picard
, Maspero, Paris, 1977

GAXOTTE, PIERRE
,
The French Revolution
, trans. Walter Alison Phillips, Scribner’s, New York, 1932

GERSHOY, LEO
,
Bertrand Barère: A Reluctant Terrorist
, Princeton
University Press, 1962;
The Era of the French Revolution 1789–99
, 1957

GODECHOT, JACQUES
,
La Prise de la Bastille
, Paris, 1965, trans. Jean Stewart, Faber, 1970

GOODWIN, A.
,
The French Revolution
, fifth edition, Hutchinson, 1976

GOODSPEED, D. J.
,
Bayonets at St Cloud: The Story of 18th Brumaire,
Hart-Davis, 1965

GOTTSCHALK, LOUIS
,
Jean Paul Marat: A Study in Radicalism
, Greenberg, New York, 1927

GREENLAW, R. W.
(ed.),
The Economic Origins of the French Revolution: Poverty or Prosperity
, 1958

GREER, DONALD
,
The Incidence of the Terror during the French Revolution
, Harvard University Press, 1935

HAMPSON, NORMAN
,
Danton
, Duckworth, 1978;
The Life and Opinions of Maximilien Robespierre
, Duckworth, 1974;
A Social History of the French Revolution
, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963

HEARSEY, J. E. N.
,
Marie Antoinette
, Constable, 1972

HERISSAY, JACQUES
,
Les Journées de septembre 1792
, Paris, 1945

HUFTON, OLWEN
,
The Poor of Eighteenth-Century France 1750–1789
, Clarendon Press, 1974

JACOB, L.
,
Les Suspects pendant la Terreur
, Paris, 1952

JAURÈS, JEAN
,
Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française
, ed. Soboul, new edition Paris, 1968–72

JOHNSON, DOUGLAS
(ed.),
French Society and the Revolution
, Cambridge University Press, 1976

JONES, R. BEN
,
The French Revolution
, University of London Press, 1974
A Journal of the Terror: Being an Account of the occurrences in the Temple during the confinement of Louis XVI by M. Cléry the King’s valet de chambre together with a description of the last hours of the King, by the Abbé de Firmont
, Folio Society, 1955

KERR, WILFRED B
.,
Reign of Terror 1793–4
, University of Toronto Press, 1927

LAMARTINE, ALPHONSE DE
,
History of the Girondins
, 1839, 3 vols.

LATOUR DUPIN, MADAME DE
,
Memoirs
, ed. and trans. Felice Harcourt, introduction by Peter Gay, McCall, New York, 1971

LAFAYETTE, MARQUIS DE
,
Mémoires, Correspondance et Manuscrits
, Paris, 1838,6 vols.

LEFEBVRE, GEORGES
,
The Coming of the French Revolution
, trans. R. R. Palmer, Princeton University Press, 1967;
Études sur la Révolution française
, second edition Paris, 1963;
The French Revolution: From its
Origins to 1793
, trans. Elizabeth Moss Evanson, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962;
The French Revolution: From 1793 to 1799
, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964;
Paysans du Nord pendant la Révolution française
, Lille, 1924

LENOTRE, G.
,
The Flight of Marie Antoinette
, trans. Mrs Rodolph Stawell, 1906;
The Last Days of Marie Antoinette
, trans. Mrs Rodolph Stawell, 1907;
Paris révolutionnarie: Vieilles maisons, vieux papiers
, Paris, 1930;
Les Quartiers de Paris pendant la Révolution
, Paris, 1896;
The September Massacres
, 1929;
The Tribunal of the Terror: A Study of Paris in 1793–1795
, trans. Frederic Lees, 1909

LEWIS, GWYNNE
,
Life in Revolutionary France
, Batsford, 1972

LOOMIS, STANLEY
,
The Fatal Friendship: Marie Antoinette, Count Fersen and the Flight to Varennes
, Davis Poynter, 1972;
Paris in the Terror, June 1793–July 1794
, Cape, 1965

LUCAS, COLIN
,
The Structure of the Terror: The Example of Javogues and the Loire
, Oxford University Press, 1973

LYONS, MARTIN
,
France under the Directory
, Cambridge University Press, 1975

MADELIN, LOUIS
,
Fouché 1759–1820
, Paris, 1930, 2 vols.;
The French Revolution
, 1916;
Talleyrand
, 1948

MALLET, BERNARD
,
Mallet du Pan and the French Revolution
, 1902

MARKHAM, FELIX
,
Napoleon
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1963

MATHIEZ, ALBERT
,
Les Grands Journées de la Constituante 1789–1791
, Paris, 1913;
Le Directoire
, Paris, 1934;
The French Revolution
, trans. Catherine Alison Phillips, 1928

MATRAT, JEAN
,
Robespierre, or the Tyranny of the Majority
, trans. Alan Kendall with Felix Brenner, Angus & Robertson, 1975

MAUROIS, ANDRÉ
,
A History of France
, trans. Henry L. Buisse and Gerard Hopkins, third edition, Cape, 1960

MCMANNERS, J.
,
The French Revolution and the Church
, S.P.C.K., 1969

MICHELET, JULES
,
History of the French Revolution
, trans. Charles Cocks, ed. with and introduction by Gordon Wright, University of Chicago Press, 1967

MICHON
, Georges,
Correspondance de Maximilien et Angustin Robespierre
, Paris, 1926

MIGNET, F. A. M.
,
History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814
, 1919

MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR
,
A Diary of the French Revolution
, ed. Beatrix Cary Davenport, Harrap, 1939, 2 vols.

MORSE-STEPHENS, H.
,
Speeches of the Statesmen and Orators of the Revolution, 1789–1795
, Oxford University Press, 1892, 2 vols.

MORTON, J. B.
,
The Bastille Falls and other Studies of the French Revolution
, 1936;
Brumaire: The Rise of Bonaparte. From the Death of Robespierre to the Establishment of the Consulate
, 1948;
Saint-Just
, 1935

ORIEUX, JEAN
,
Talleyrand: The Art of Survival
, Seeker & Warburg, 1974

PALMER, R. R.
,
Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of the Terror in the French Revolution
, Princeton University Press, 1941;
The World of the French Revolution
, Allen & Unwin, 1971

PATRICK, ALISON
,
The Men of the First French Republic
, John Hopkins University Press, 1972

PERNOUD, GEORGES
,
The French Revolution
, with Sabine Flaissier, trans. Richard Graves, Seeker & Warburg, 1960

REINHARD, MARCEL
,
La Chute de la royauté 10 août, 1792
, Paris, 1969;
France du Directoire
, Paris, 1956, 2 vols.;
Le Grand Carnot
, Paris, 1950

ROBERTS, J. M.
,
The French Revolution
, Oxford University Press, 1978;
French Revolution Documents
, ed. with John Hardman and R. C. Cobb, Basil Blackwell, 1966, 1973, 2 vols.

ROBIQUET, JEAN
,
Daily Life in the French Revolution
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1964

ROEDERER, P. L.
,
Chronique de Cinquante Jours
, 1832

ROGERS, CORNWELL B.
,
The Spirit of Revolution in 1789
, Princeton University Press, 1949

ROSE, R. B.
,
Gracchus Babeuf: The First Revolutionary Communist
, Arnold, 1979

ROSS, MICHAEL
,
Banners of the King: The War of the Vendée, 1793–4
, Seeley Service, 1975

Royal Memoirs of the French Revolution
, London, 1823

RUDÉ, GEORGE
,
The Crowd in History, 1730–1848, A Study of Popular Disturbances in France and England
, Wiley, 1964;
The Crowd in the French Revolution
, Oxford University Press, new edition, 1967;
Paris and London in the Eighteenth Century: Studies in Popular Protest
, 1970;
Revolutionary Europe 1783–1815
, Fontana, 1964;
Robespierre: Portrait of a Revolutionary Democrat
, Collins, 1975

SALVEMINI, GAETANO
,
The French Revolution, 1788–1792
, trans. I. M. Rawson, Cape, 1954

SCOTT, WILLIAM
,
Terror and Repression in Revolutionary Marseilles
, Macmillan, 1973

SOBOUL, ALBERT
,
The French Revolution, 1787–1799
, trans. Alan
Forrest and Colin Jones, N. L. B., 1974, 2 vols.;
The Parisian Sans-Culottes and the French Revolution, 1793–4
, trans., G. Lewis, Oxford University Press, 1964;
Le Procès de Louis XVI
, Paris, 1966

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