The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (102 page)

“God’s right hand man”
: Nellie Noland interview, Harry S. Truman Library.

his staff pressured him to go
: Charles Murphy interview, Harry S. Truman Library.

“king go to the prince”
: Matt Connelly interview, Harry S. Truman Library.

“the attributes of a foreign sovereign”
: Acheson, Dean,
Present at the Creation,
p. 456.

“he was still fighting”
: John Muccio interview, Harry S. Truman Library.

“all American soldiers regardless”
: Walters, Vernon A.,
Silent Missions,
p. 204.

“the Chinese are about to intervene”
: interview with Vernon A. Walters, American Masters, WGBH Television.

“the Palace Guard”
: author interview with Frank Gibney.

more smoke blown in his face
: Toland, John,
In Mortal Combat,
p. 241.

no commander in history
: Ibid., pp. 241–242; Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
pp. 346–349; Spurr, Russell,
Enter the Dragon,
p. 159.

“before we get in trouble”
: Dean Rusk interview, Harry S. Truman Library.

“as if they were the heads of different”
: Gunther, John,
The Riddle of MacArthur,
p. 200.

“a different idea of what it was”
: Acheson, Dean,
Present at the Creation,
p. 455.

“luster to his dream of victory”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
pp. 37–38; Spurr, Russell,
Enter the Dragon,
p. 158; Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 188.

“honestly believes he’s a patriot”
:
New York World-Telegram,
April 8, 1964.

“how completely oblivious”
: author interview with Matthew B. Ridgway.

“obedient, dutiful, childlike, and quick”
: Cumings, Bruce,
The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II,
p. 97.

was the Chinese commander
: Weintraub, Stanley,
MacArthur’s War,
p. 291.

“some old war horse similar to”
: Cumings, Bruce,
The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II,
p. 103.

fixed, immobile Japanese:
Collins, J. Lawton,
War in Peacetime
, p. 215.

“know your enemy”
: Mike Lynch interview, Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.

to events he did not like
: Perret, Geoffrey,
Old Soldiers Never Die,
p. 551.

for his official file explaining
: Morris, Carol Petillo,
Douglas MacArthur: The Philippine Years,
pp. 204–213.

“An arrogant enemy,” he added
: Chen Jian,
China’s Road to the Korean War,
p. 148.

“nothing again should ever hurt him”
: Lee, Clark, and Henschel, Richard,
Douglas MacArthur,
p. 166.

“You have a court”
: Acheson, Dean,
Present at the Creation,
p. 424.

“sycophancy was what tripped him up”
: Weintraub, Stanley,
MacArthur’s War,
p. 161.

“the dreamworld of self worship”
: Stueck, William,
Rethinking the Korean War,
p. 113.

and arrogant was he
: author interview with Carleton West.

“too much of a Prussian accent?”
: D. Clayton James interview with Roger Egeberg, MacArthur Memorial Library.

“all ideology”
: author interview with Frank Wisner, Jr.

“give England to the Germans”
: Naval Historical Center Colloquium on Contemporary History, June 20, 1990.

“a friend of the United States”
: Kluckhohn, Frank, the
Reporter
, August 19, 1952.

“than the people at the Dai Ichi”
: author interview with Frank Gibney.

“and headed towards Washington”
: Ibid.

“the faceless mob driven by”
: Cumings, Bruce,
The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II,
p. 106.

“of Communism would trump mine”
: author interview with Joseph Fromm.

“that headquarters to deal with reality”
: Ibid.

“subjugation of the Western world”
: Cumings, Bruce,
The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II,
p. 112.

eventually passed on to McCarthy
: Ibid.

“had been so outspoken about him”
: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.

“Willoughby falsified the intelligence”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 377.

“where it would have to be acted on”
: author interview with Bill Train.

had not been so deadly serious
: author interview with Carleton Swift.

“that he had made up his mind on”
: Ibid.

anyone higher up about the intelligence
: author interview with Robert Myers.

“the enormous power that Willoughby had”
: author interview with Bill Train.

“to a low point of effectiveness”
: Heefner, Wilson,
Patton’s Bulldog,
p. 264.

indicate a serious Chinese presence
: Ibid., p. 272.

“was very much under his shadow”
: author interview with Bill Train.

“was unduly influenced by Willoughby”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 379.

“but not the full armies themselves”
: Heefner, Wilson,
Patton’s Bulldog,
p. 272.

“moving into that awful goddamn trap”
: author interview with Bill Train.

“a lot of Mexicans in Los Angeles”
: Tom Lambert interview, Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.

CHAPTER
26

“know Karl Marx from Groucho Marx”
: Bayley, Edwin,
Joe McCarthy and the Press,
p. 68.

“you’ve got to be a Communist”
: Ibid., p. 73.

“pig in a minefield”
: author interview with Murray Kempton for
The Fifties.

“only a mucker can muck”
: Oshinsky, David,
A Conspiracy So Immense,
p. 174.

“should proceed with another”
: Patterson, James,
Mr. Republican,
p. 455.

“the most nefarious campaign”
: Oshinsky, David,
A Conspiracy So Immense,
pp. 168–169.

“how things had changed”
: Ibid., p. 178.

“without gaining that of the Chinese”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 400.

his virtual disobedience
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
p. 65.

“they will get Christmas dinner at home”
: Toland, John,
In Mortal Combat,
p. 281.

he simply said, “Bullshit”
: Ibid., p. 282.

“the first time he smells Chinese chow”
: Ibid., Heefner, Wilson,
Patton’s Bulldog,
pp. 281–282; author interview with Layton Tyner; Tyner interviews with Toland, Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.

“hit the jackpot”
: Weintraub, Stanley,
MacArthur’s War,
p. 221.

“like Custer at the Little Big Horn”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
p. 63.

“the most fitting conclusion”
: Perret, Geoffrey,
Old Soldiers Never Die,
p. 548.

CHAPTER
27

a friendly little tank-shove
: author interview with Jim Hinton.

“to be disappearing into the vast”
: Ibid.

from the very face of the earth
: author interview with Paul O’Dowd.

“less able to support us each day”
: author interview with John Carley.

“couldn’t get anyone to act on it”
: author interview with Malcolm MacDonald.

the time was not quite right to attack
: author interview with Sam Mace.

no one seemed very interested
: author interviews with John Eisenhower and Dick Gruenther.

“a phantom which cast no shadow”
: Marshall, S. L. A.,
The River and the Gauntlet,
p. 1.

The next day the Chinese hit
: author interview with John Eisenhower.

CHAPTER
28

bandaged up and wrapped in blankets
: author interview with Sherman Pratt; Pratt, Sherman,
Decisive Battles of the Korean War,
pp. 15–20.

“From here I just don’t see a solution”
: letters of Paul Freeman courtesy of Anne Sewell Freeman McLeod and Roy McLeod.

CHAPTER
29

beyond their comprehension
: author interview with Alan Jones.

disgrace the Takahashi name
: author interview with Gene Takahashi.

could dry their clothes
: Ibid.

retreating to a higher point on the mountain
: author interview with Dick Raybould.

in a moment of total cowardice
: author interview with Bruce Ritter.

and got both Smith and White out
: author interviews with John Ritter, Billie Tinkle, and John Yates.

a huge pile of enemy bodies
: author interview with Sam Mace.

“knowing a Chinaman when I see one”
: author interview with Charley Heath.

the fear in the air
: author interview with Sam Mace.

in conversation, the Big Ego
: Ibid.; Spurr, Russell,
Enter the Dragon,
p. 193.

CHAPTER
30

just as endangered
: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.

“because we were set up to fail”
: author interview with Dick Raybould.

“MacArthur could do no wrong”
: Appleman, Roy,
Escaping the Trap,
p. 47.

“Ned was aggressive”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 32.

“can those things float?”
: Victor Krulak oral history, U.S. Marine Corps History Division.

“always lengthy shitlist”
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 17.

“enough to form an additional regiment”
: Hoffman, Jon T.,
Chesty,
pp. 370–371.

the Congressional Medal of Honor
: author interview with James Lawrence.

“if only he would put on a little weight”
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 186.

“
It might take only two”
: Sloan, Bill,
Brotherhood of Heroes,
p. 58.

the ten thousand Japanese soldiers
: Ibid., p. 310.

“may have saved the Marine Division”
: Alpha Bowser oral history, U.S. Marine Corps History Division.

had mounted in Europe
: Ibid.

“Even Genghis Khan wouldn’t”
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 64.

“
he got away with it at Inchon
”: D. Clayton James interview with Oliver P. Smith, MacArthur Memorial Library.

or the last time he would use it
: Hoffman, Jon T.,
Chesty,
p. 378.

not part of any massive Chinese
: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.