The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (100 page)

as Indigo-China
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall
, p. 234; Oshinsky, David,
A Conspiracy So Immense,
p. 36.

to do the Lord’s work
: Melby, John,
The Mandate of Heaven,
p. 135.

“with or without Russian aid”
: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.,
The General and the President,
p. 195.

“illiterate, peasant son of a”
: Kahn, E. J.,
The China Hands,
p. 82.

“became the Government’s chief”
: Tuchman, Barbara,
Stilwell and the American Experience in China,
p. 303.

“without money or influence”
: Ibid., p. 316.

“to try and unify China”
: Kahn, E. J.,
The China Hands,
p. 184.

most likely quite ill
: Melby, John,
The Mandate of Heaven,
p. 55.

Marshall quickly answered
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall,
p. 574.

“how would I extricate them”
: author interview with Walton Butterworth for
The Best and the Brightest.

“of these boobs”
: Melby, John,
The Mandate of Heaven,
p. 97.

“the largest troop movement”
: Zi Zhongyun,
No Exit
?, p. 25.

of some 1.2 million Japanese soldiers
: Ibid., p. 27.

“from disregarding my advice”
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall,
p. 574.

CHAPTER
16

“we will take it away from them”
: Fairbank, John, and Feuerwerker, Albert,
The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 13,
p. 758.

“Uncle Chump from over the Hump”
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall,
p. 758.

“smell of corruption and decay”
: Melby, John,
The Mandate of Heaven,
p. 44.

“into campaigns of mobile warfare”
: Fairbank, John, and Feuerwerker, Albert,
The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 13,
p. 764.

the wildest of boasts
: Payne, Robert,
Mao,
p. 227.

“of feint and deceit”
: Salisbury, Harrison,
The New Emperors,
p. 6.

“doesn’t he generalize”
: Swanberg, W. A.,
Luce and His Empire,
p. 282.

“whether it is wise to continue to supply his troops”
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall,
p. 634.

“our supply officer”
: Salisbury, Harrison,
The New Emperors,
p. 8.

“more of our equipment than the Nationalists did”
: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.,
The General and the President,
pp. 214–215.

“the end is at hand”
: Melby, John,
The Mandate of Heaven,
p. 289.

“almost a fanatical fervor”
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall,
p. 634.

“the Yangtze with broomsticks”
: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.,
The General and the President,
p. 214.

so he canceled the dinner
: Zi Zhongyun,
No Exit
?, pp. 101–102.

“No sir, I do not”
: Koen, Ross Y.,
The China Lobby in American Politics,
p. 90.

“greater military power than any ruler”
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall,
p. 673.

CHAPTER
17

“without even a gesture of assistance”
: Christensen, Thomas,
Useful Adversaries,
p. 70.

the China they knew was dying
: Herzstein, Robert,
Henry Luce and the American Crusade in Asia,
p. 5.

so different and so poor
: Halberstam, David,
The Powers That Be,
pp. 57–58.

“remembered for centuries and centuries”
: Swanberg, W. A.,
Luce and His Empire,
p. 186.

“in the early 1950s in the same way”
: author interview with Professor Alan Brinkley.

“on most issues, isolationists”
: Ibid.

“is traceable to Chiang”
: White, Theodore H.,
In Search of History,
pp. 176–178.

“to guard against”
: Ibid., pp. 205–206.

“couldn’t get a job as dog-catcher”
: Kahn, E. J.,
The China Hands,
p. 10.

“the gigantic task ahead”
: Swanberg, W. A.,
Luce and His Empire,
p. 266.

“he was too intelligent not to”
: Wellington Koo oral history, Columbia University.

“I know the man”
: Cray, Ed,
General of the Army George C. Marshall,
p. 686.

the Atlantic, the Democratic one
: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.,
The General and the President,
p. 230.

for a changed China policy
: Ibid., p. 213.

“Would you send your own sons”
: Zi Zhongyun,
No Exit?,
p. 260.

“quite another thing to plan resultful aid”
: Phillips, Cabell,
The Truman Presidency,
p. 286.

“The animals,” Truman said
: Halberstam, David,
The Fifties,
p. 56.

“pouring money down a rathole”
: papers of Matthew Connelly, Harry S. Truman Library.

“I’ll bet you that a billion dollars”
: Lilienthal, David E.,
The Journals of David E. Lilienthal: Vol. II,
p. 525.

“I spoke American to him”
: Wellington Koo oral history, Columbia University.

such was reality
: Ibid.

“Back to the mainland!”
: Kahn, E. J.
The China Hands,
p. 247.

CHAPTER
18

able to catch their breath
: Appleman, Roy,
South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu
, p. 289.

got to use it first
: author interview with Charles Hammel.

“bleeding to death”
: Fehrenbach, T. R.,
This Kind of War,
p. 138.

“then you are asking for trouble”
: Goncharov, Sergei, et al.,
Uncertain Partners,
p. 155.

“the forgotten commander of the forgotten war”
: Mike Lynch interview in the Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.

“then we’ll stay here until”
: Mike Lynch interview with Clay and Joan Blair, U.S. Army War College Library.

“how many reserves have you dug up”
: Appleman, Roy,
South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu,
p. 335; author interview with Layton Tyner.

that night or the next one
: author interview with George Russell.

or seven football fields
: author interview with Joe Stryker; letter from Master Sergeant Harold Graham to Berry Rhoden, June 29, 1951.

“where the hell anyone else”
: author interview with Erwin Ehler.

“impossible at night”
: Ibid.

“Like millions of ants”
: author interview with Terry McDaniel.

“we were the turkeys”
: author interview with Rusty Davidson.

“to the point of being invisible”
: author interview with George Russell.

to try to get his squad out of there
: author interview with Berry Rhoden.

managed to keep going
: letter from Master Sergeant Harold Graham to Berry Rhoden.

“Best thing I ever tasted”
: Ibid.

“and you’ll be in Charley Company”
: Knox, Donald,
The Korean War, Vol. II,
pp. 62–63; author interview with Joe Stryker.

were simply too much for him
: Mike Lynch interviews in the Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.

“what to do to stop it”
: Ibid.; Heefner, Wilson,
Patton’s Bulldog,
p. 220; author interview with Layton Tyner.

was now extended beyond September 4
: Appleman, Roy,
South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu
, pp. 462–463; Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
pp. 250–251.

“began to get a very shaky feeling”
: author interview with Lee Beahler.

“Yes, sir,” Fry replied instantly
: author interviews with Lee Beahler and Gino Piazza.

“All right, Sergeant, carry on”
: Ibid.; author interview with Charles Hammel.

“I never saw a man so cool”
: Ibid.

If the engineers had not been perfectly
: author interview with Jesse Haskins.

there was no way to save him
: author interview with Vaughn West.

maybe you should cry
: Ibid.

spoke with forked tongues
: author interview with Lee Beahler.

it really was just that bad
: author interview with George Russell.

“he had done everything right”
: author interview with Lieutenant General (Ret.) Harold G. Moore.

the great mass of people
: Paul Freeman oral history at U.S. Army War College Library.

“for his own good”
: Ibid.

as if he were a member of the board
: Ibid.

“do my best as a professional soldier”
: letters of Paul Freeman, courtesy of Anne Sewell Freeman McLeod.

had been able to forget that moment
: author interview with Berry Rhoden.

he had received the Silver Star
: author interview with Jack Murphy.

it seemed like a small miracle
: Ibid.

CHAPTER
19

“
when he was a military genius”
: Perret, Geoffrey,
Old Soldiers Never Die,
p. 548.

“scuddle up to the Manchurian”
: Cumings, Bruce,
The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II,
p. 692.

he had ever encountered
: Heinl, Robert,
Victory at High Tide,
p. 30.

“and Inchon had all of them”
: Ibid., p. 24.

“solidifying chocolate fudge”
: Ibid., p. 26.

“an ideal place for mines”
: Ibid., p. 27.

“Bradley is a farmer”
: Ibid., p. 10.

“made aware of the details”
: Ibid., p. 40.

“Barrymore and John Drew could hope”
: White, William Allen,
The Autobiography of William Allen White,
pp. 572–573.

“I studied dramatics under him”
: Lee, Clark, and Henschel, Richard,
Douglas MacArthur,
p. 99.

“So MacArthur went over to the senator”
: Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
At Ease,
p. 214.

“as if he hadn’t seen her for years”
: Allison, John,
Ambassador from the Plains,
p. 168.

“If I were asked, however”
: Heinl, Robert,
Victory at High Tide,
p. 40.

“breed timidity and defeatism”
: MacArthur, Douglas,
Reminiscences,
p. 349.

“I wouldn’t have taken that promise”
: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.