The Anatomist: A True Story of Gray's Anatomy (27 page)

Acknowledgments

To the anatomists, teachers, fellow students, librarians, archivists, agent, editor, publisher, family members, and friends who helped me during various stages of writing this book, I thank you all equally:

Steve Barclay, Lea Beresford, Barbara and John Bourassa, Jane Breyer, Sylvia Brownrigg, the Byrne family, Gina Centrello, Andy Chamberlain, Susan Cohan, Ben Collins and Stephen Pelton, Doug Cooper, Nancy and Tim Cossette, Robin Coupar, Chris Davis, Josh Devore, Nripendra Dhillon, Tom DiRenzo, Anne Donjacour, Martin Duke, Meri Dunn, Amanda Engineer and the entire staff of the Poynter Reading Room at the Wellcome Library, Emily Forland, Sheila Geraghty, Sandra Gibson, Shawn Hassler, Jean and John Hayes, Patti Hayes, Mary and John Kamb, Lang Kehua, Rachel Kind, Yvonne Leach, Ming Ma, Massoud, Kathy and Dan Mayeda, Hazel McDonald, David Mikko, Nancy Miller, Keith Nicol, Charlie Ordahl, Ben Ospital, Chris Ospital, Kolja Paech, Sam Pak, Sandra Phillips, Kelly Piacente, Martin Pugh, Gregory Riley, Rev. Rachel Rivers, Richard Rodriguez, Dana Rohde, Conrad Sanchez, Cap Sparling, Kristen Stewart, Cheyenne Strube, Sexton Sutherland, Paul Teresi, Janine Terrano, Nallini Thevakarrunai, Kim Topp, Fernando Vescia, Jay Wagner, Wendy Weil, Vicki and Jim Weiland, Valerie Wheat, Paul Wisotzky, and Melaine Zimmerman.

Bibliography

H
ENRY
V
ANDYKE
C
ARTER

Carter, Henry Vandyke.
On Leprosy and Elephantiasis.
London: G. E. Eyre & W. Spottiswoode, 1874.

———.
On Mycetoma, or the Fungus Disease of India.
London: J. & A. Churchill, 1874.

———.
Report on Leprosy and Leper Asylums in Norway.
London: G. E. Eyre & W. Spottiswoode, 1874.

———.
Spirillum Fever.
London: J. & A. Churchill, 1882.

———. Student’s diary, 1853. Manuscript held in the Library of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, London.

The Carter Papers.
Western Manuscripts Collection, MSS 5809-26. Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine, London.

Gray, Henry.
Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical.
Drawings by H. V. Carter. 1st ed. London: John W. Parker and Son, 1858.

H
ENRY
G
RAY

Gray, Henry. “An Account of a Dissection of an Ovarian Cyst.”
Medico-Chirurgical Transactions.
Vol. 36, pp. 433-37. Published by the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. London: Longman et al., 1853.

———.
Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical.
Drawings by H. V. Carter. 1st ed. London: John W. Parker and Son, 1858.

———.
Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical.
Drawings by H. V. Carter, with additional drawings by Dr. Westmacott. 2nd ed. London: John W. Parker and Son, 1860.

———.
Gray’s Anatomy.
Facsimile of rev. American ed. of 1901. New York: Gramercy Books, 1977.

———. “Injuries of the Neck.”
A System of Surgery, Theoretical and Practical.
Vol. 2, pp. 270-339. Edited by Timothy Holmes. London: John W. Parker and Son, 1861.

———. “On Myeloid and Myelo-cystic Tumors of Bone, Their Structure, Pathology, and Mode of Diagnosis.”
Medico-Chirurgical Transactions.
Vol. 39, pp. 121-49. Published by the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. London: Longman et al., 1856.

———. “On the Development of the Ductless Glands in the Chick.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
142 (1852): 295-309.

———. “On the Development of the Retina and the Optic Nerve, and of the Membranous Labyrinth and Auditory Nerve.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
140 (1850): 189-200.

———.
On the Structure and Use of the Spleen.
London: John W. Parker and Son, 1853.

G
ENERAL
R
EFERENCE
S
OURCES

Bailey, Hamilton.
Notable Names in Medicine and Surgery.
London: H. K. Lewis & Co., 1959.

Bayliss, Anne M. “Henry Vandyke Carter.”
Yorkshire History Quarterly
4, no. 2 (Nov. 1998).

Bishop, W. J. “Henry Vandyke Carter.”
Medical and Biological Illustration
4, no. 1 (1954): 73-75.

Blomfield, J.
St. George’s, 1733-1933.
London: The Medici Society, 1933.

Drake, Richard L., et al.
Gray’s Anatomy for Students.
Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.

Duke, Martin. “Henry Gray of Legendary Textbook Fame.”
Connecticut Medicine
57, no. 7 (July 1993): 471-74.

Encarta Encyclopedia.
Standard ed. Microsoft: 2000.

Erisman, Fred. “The Critical Response to
Gray’s Anatomy
(A Centennial Comment).”
Journal of Medical Education
34, no. 1 (Jan. 1959): 589-91.

Evans, Alison, et al.
Human Anatomy: An Illustrated Laboratory Guide.
San Francisco: Regents of the University of California, 1982.

Goss, Charles Mayo.
A Brief Account of Henry Gray, F.R.S., and His “Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical.”
Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1959.

———. “Henry Gray, F.R.S., F.R.C.S.”
Anatomy of the Human Body by Henry Gray.
29th American ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1973.

“Henry Gray.”
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16, no. 4 (May 21, 1908: 49-54.

Hiatt, Jonathan R., and Nathan Hiatt. “The Forgotten First Career of Doctor Henry Van Dyke Carter.”
Journal of the American College of Surgeons
181, no. 5 (Nov. 1995): 464-66.

Johnson, Edward C., et al. “The Origin and History of Embalming.” In
Embalming: History, Theory, and Practice,
by Robert G. Mayer, pp. 23-40. Norwalk, Conn.: Appleton & Lange, 1990.

Moir, John.
Anatomical Education in a Scottish University, 1620.
Translated by R. K. French. Aberdeen, Scotland: Equipress, 1975.

Moore, Keith L., and Anne M. R. Agur.
Essential Clinical Anatomy.
2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

Newman, Charles.
The Evolution of Medical Education in the Nineteenth Century.
London: Oxford University Press, 1957.

Nicol, Keith E.
Henry Gray of St. George’s Hospital: A Chronology.
Privately printed by the author, 2002.

———. Interviews and correspondence with author, 2004-7.

Persaud, T.V.N.
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Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1984.

———.
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Plarr, Victor Gustave.
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Poynter, F.N.L. “
Gray’s Anatomy:
The First Hundred Years.”
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2 (Sept. 6, 1958): 610-11.

Roberts, Shirley. “Henry Gray and Henry Vandyke Carter: Creators of a Famous Textbook.”
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Rohde, Dana.
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San Francisco: Regents of the University of California, 2004.

Symmers, William St. Clair. “Henry Vandyke Carter on Mycetoma or the Fungus Disease of India.” In
Curiosa: A Miscellany of Clinical and Pathological Experiences,
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Tansey, E. M. “A Brief History of
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” In
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Teresi, Paul, et al.
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Topp, Kimberly S.
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San Francisco: Regents of the University of California, 2004.

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I
NDIVIDUAL
C
HAPTER
S
OURCES

CHAPTER ONE

Persaud, T.V.N.
Early History of Anatomy: From Antiquity to the Beginning of the Modern Era.
Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1984.

Walsh, James J.
The Popes and Science: The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Times.
New York: Fordham University Press, 1911.

CHAPTER TWO

Nuland, Sherwin B.
The Mysteries Within: A Surgeon Reflects on Medical Myths.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Rohde, Dana. Interview with author. San Francisco, Mar. 23, 2005.

CHAPTER THREE

Hawkins, Charles. “London Teachers of Anatomy.”
Lancet
(Sept. 27, 1884).

Holmes, Timothy.
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie.
London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1898.

James, R. R.
School of Anatomy and Medicine, St. George’s Hospital, 1830-1863.
Privately printed by the author, 1928.

CHAPTER FOUR

Griffenhagen, George B.
Tools of the Apothecary.
Washington, D.C.: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1957.

Nuland, Sherwin B.
The Mysteries Within: A Surgeon Reflects on Medical Myths.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Trease, George Edward.
Pharmacy in History.
London: Baillière, Tindall, and Cox, 1964.

CHAPTER FIVE

Brodie, Benjamin Collins.
The Works of Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie.
Vol. 1. London: Longman et al., 1865.

CHAPTER SIX

Chadwick, Owen.
The Victorian Church.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1966.

Elliott-Binns, Leonard.
Religion in the Victorian Era.
London: Lutterworth Press, 1946.

“Religion in Victorian Britain” and “William Paley and Natural Theology.” The Victorian Web. http://www.victorianweb.org/. Accessed Sept.–Oct. 2005.

CHAPTER NINE

“The Ant-Eater.”
London Times,
Oct. 18, 1853, 9, col. 2.

Burke, Edmund.
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London and New York: Penguin Books, 1998.

Hilton, Boyd. “The Role of Providence in Evangelical Social Thought.” In
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edited by Derek Beales and Geoffrey Best, pp. 215-33. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

“Zoological Gardens, Regent’s Park.”
London Times,
Oct. 1, 1853, 8, col. 3.

CHAPTER ELEVEN

Arnold, Friedrich.
Icones Nervorum Capitis.
Heidelberg: Sumptibus auctoris, 1834.

Belt, Elmer.
Leonardo the Anatomist.
Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1955.

Calder, Ritchie.
Leonardo and the Age of the Eye.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970.

Choulant, Ludwig.
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Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1920. Reprint of 1852 edition.

Nutton, Vivian. “Introduction.” An online annotated translation of the 1543 and 1555 editions of Andreas Vesalius’s
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http://www.vesalius.northwestern.edu/. Accessed May 2006.

O’Malley, Charles D., and J. B. de C. M. Saunders.
Leonardo da Vinci on the Human Body.
New York: Henry Schuman, 1952.

Quain, Jones.
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6th ed. Edited by William Sharpey. London: Walton and Maberly, 1856.

Richardson, Ruth. “A Historical Introduction to
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” In
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39th ed., edited by Susan Standring, pp. xvii–xx. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005.

Vesalius, Andreas.
De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Body).
2nd ed. Basil: Per Joannem Oporinum, 1555.

Vescia, Fernando. Interview with author. Palo Alto, Calif., Sept. 26, 2005.

CHAPTER TWELVE

Rohde, Dana. Interview with author. San Francisco, Mar. 23, 2005.

Shaffer, Kitt. “Teaching Anatomy in the Digital World.”
New England Journal of Medicine
351, no. 13 (Sept. 23, 2004): 1279-81.

Zarembo, Alan. “Cutting Out the Cadaver.”
Los Angeles Times,
Feb. 28, 2004.

Zuger, Abigail. “Anatomy Lessons, a Vanishing Rite for Young Doctors.”
New York Times,
Mar. 23, 2004.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Ordahl, Charlie. Interview with author. San Francisco, Oct. 4, 2004.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN

James, Lawrence.
The Rise and Fall of the British Empire.
New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1997.

Ramanna, Mridula.
Western Medicine and Public Health in Colonial Bombay.
London: Sangram Books, 2002.

“Reviews and Notices of Books.”
Lancet
2 (Sept. 11, 1858): 282-83.

CHAPTER FIFTEEN

Carrell, Jennifer Lee.
The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling Smallpox.
New York: Dutton, 2003.

“Death of Mr. Henry Gray, F.R.S.”
Lancet
(June 15, 1861): 600.

CHAPTER SIXTEEN

“Death of Dr. Carter, of Scarborough, an Indian Medical Celebrity.”
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., May 6, 1897, 3, col. 3.

“Deaths: Henry Vandyke Carter.”
Lancet
(May 15, 1897): 1381.

Gould, Tony.
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New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2005.

“Honour to a Scarborough Gentleman.”
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., Dec. 18, 1890.

“Honour to a Scarborough Townsman.”
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., Nov. 20, 1890.

“Marriages.” Henry Vandyke Carter to Mary Ellen Robison.
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., Dec. 18, 1890.

“Marriages.” Joseph Newington Carter to Elizabeth Smith Newham.
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., May 4, 1871.

“Marriages.” William James Moon to Eliza Sophia Carter.
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., Feb. 12, 1863.

Pandya, Shubhada. “Nineteenth Century Indian Leper Census and the Doctors.”
International Journal of Leprosy
72, no. 3 (2004): 306-16.

Robertson, Jo. “Leprosy and the Elusive
M. leprae:
Colonial and Imperial Medical Exchanges in the Nineteenth Century.”
História Cliências, Saúde—Manguinhos
10, suppl. 1 (2003): 13-40.

APPENDIX

“Deaths.” Henry Barlow Carter.
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., Oct. 15, 1868, 3, col. 4.

“Deaths.” Joseph Newington Carter.
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., Aug. 17, 1871.

“Deaths.” Eliza Sophia Moon.
Scarborough Gazette and Weekly List of Visitors,
Thurs., Dec. 22, 1898.