The Amistad Rebellion (51 page)

return home, 220, 221

Mars, James, 210

Meade, Richard W., 91–94, 97, 99, 101, 124, 132

“medicine” (charms and amulets), 22–24, 98

Mende Mission, 204, 208–11, 213–15, 217–21, 226, 227

Mende people, 5, 22, 23, 24–30, 56, 58, 198, 217, 226

Amistad
Africans’ return home and, 218–22

cotton manufacture in, 27–28

fellowship among, 59–60, 180

iron manufacture in, 27–28

Kossa term and, 24

land of, 26

languages known among, 30

leadership among, 25

in Mane Invasions, 25

palavers and, 34–35, 185

polygamy (polygyny) among, 25–26, 158–59

Poro Society and,
see
Poro Society

rice farming by, 26–27

sorcery beliefs among, 72

speakers among, 34

surrender ritual of, 89

warfare and, 35–38, 73–74, 78–79

Mendi People, 8, 59, 153, 174–75, 179–83, 199–202, 207

Men of Color, to Arms
(Douglass), 234

Menzies, A., 24–25

Middle Passage, 5, 19, 54–60, 215–17, 228

Misericordia, La, 60–61

“Missionary Hymn,” 204

Moa River, 23, 42, 43

Monrovia, 23, 44

Montes, Pedro, 2, 62, 65, 76–87, 96–99, 101, 104, 124, 131–32, 145, 146, 149, 160, 176, 184, 187, 190, 193

arrest of, 138, 178

arrival in Long Island, 91, 92

artistic depictions of, 165, 167

deceptions of, 82, 86

lawsuit against, 138, 139

Mook, Thomas, 194

Morel, Junius C., 207

Morton, Thomas, 117

Moru, 1, 15–16,
16,
18, 19, 22, 41, 44, 161

on
Amistad,
70

in rebellion, 74, 75, 99

Moulthrop, Sidney, 3, 153, 159, 163–65, 167, 172–74, 229

Murder of Jane McCrea, The,
162, 168

Muslims, 22–24, 143

Mystery,
234

National Convention of Colored Citizens, 233–34

Ndamma, 42, 79, 142, 167, 169

Ndzhagnwawni (Ngahoni), 30, 42

Negro Seamen Acts, 108

New England Anti-Slavery Society, 105

New Hampshire Sentinel,
197

New Haven Herald,
166

New London, Conn., 96

New London Gazette,
93, 94, 160, 232

New York Anti-Slavery Society, 192

New York Commercial Advertiser,
135–36

New York Journal of Commerce,
11, 103, 138, 139–40, 160, 206

New York Morning Herald,
11, 61, 105, 111–12, 119, 128–31, 134, 138, 140–41, 176, 196, 203, 204

New York Sun,
9, 11, 92–93, 102–4, 114, 119, 128, 228, 229

Norton, John Pitkin, 30, 192

Norton, John Treadwell, 192, 211, 234–35

No Rum! No Sugar! or, The Voice of Blood,
16–19

Norwich Aurora,
165

Noticioso de Ambos Mundos,
185

Oberlin Evangelist,
153

Obi, or
Three-
Finger’d Jack,
117

Olmsted, Denison, 124, 127

Ormond, “Mongo John,” 45

Osceola, 103

Padilla, Manuel, 65, 69, 76

Paine, John S., 149, 150

palavers, 34–35, 185

Palmerston, Lord, 189

Parker, Mary Ann, 232

Peale’s Museum and Portrait Gallery, 163–65

Pendleton, Stanton, 108, 109, 111, 129, 141, 189, 190, 216

African girls employed by, 177, 178, 193, 194

Amistad
Africans’ conflicts with, 177–79, 183, 193–94

Antonio and, 195

Covey and, 178

Pendleton, William, 216

Pennington, James, 106, 206, 210, 213

Pennsylvania Freeman,
11, 106, 139, 197

Pérez de Castro, Evaristo, 186

Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, 172

Phillips, Jonas B., 114, 118

Philmore, J., 170

Pie, 22, 27, 42, 91, 148

on
Amistad,
70

Pinckney Treaty, 184, 186–87, 188

pirates, 117

plays, 3, 4, 8, 114–18, 120

Poro Society, 8, 31–33, 59, 72, 73, 75, 81, 82, 144, 175, 185, 219

athleticism and, 134

Porter, David, 92

Post, Henry, 232

Pratt, Charles, 11–12, 136–40, 142, 143, 146, 147, 193

Proctor, Joseph, 115

Puerto Príncipe, 65, 68

Pugnwawni, 22, 26, 39, 41

Purvis, Robert, 151, 172, 173–74, 224–25, 226

Quaint, Peter, 130

Rankin, F. Harrison, 33, 33, 56

Ray, Charles B., 207

Raymond, Elizabeth, 215

Raymond, William, 214, 215, 217, 218–19, 221, 226, 227, 232

Reed, Peter, 117

rice production, 26–27, 38, 39

Richmond Enquirer,
131, 139

Rodney, Walter, 39

Rogers, Nathaniel, 230

Rogers, Zachary, 40

Rolla,
189

Romney,
64

Ruggles, David, 107, 149–50, 234

Ruiz, José “Pepe,” 2, 61–62, 64, 65, 71, 73, 76–82, 84–87, 96–99, 101, 104, 115, 124, 131–32, 145, 146, 149, 160, 176, 181, 184, 187, 190, 193, 200

arrest of, 138, 178

arrival in Long Island, 91, 92

artistic depictions of, 161, 165, 167

lawsuit against, 138, 139

rum, 17–18, 28

Rush, Christopher, 206

Sa, 22, 222

Saint Domingue, Haitian Revolution in, 9, 10, 20, 40

Sando chiefdom, 5, 22, 23, 56, 180

Saracen,
189

Sartain, John,
173,
174, 185, 192

Scoble, John, 209

Seagram, H. F., 189

Second Seminole War, 103, 107

Sedgwick, Theodore, 132, 138, 147

Sessi, 22, 27–28, 29, 50, 201, 212

on
Amistad,
70, 81

in rebellion, 75

Sharpe, Sam, 9

Sherman, Elias S., 195

Sherman, Seymour G., 88

Shule, 41, 42, 159

in rebellion, 74

Shuma, 43, 113

Siaka, King, 13, 14, 16, 19, 21, 22, 36–37, 39–40, 41, 42, 46, 74, 125, 227

Sierra Leone, 5, 13, 22,
23,
24, 25, 33, 40–41

Amistad
Africans’ return to, 3, 196, 216–23, 226–27

Freetown, 24, 30, 36, 44, 56, 60, 207, 217–20, 226

mission in, 204, 208–11, 213–15, 217–21, 226, 227

Silliman, Benjamin, 127

Sketchley, J., 99, 102

Slave, The,
117

slave revolts, 9, 10, 21, 99, 106–7, 234

abolitionists’ justification of, 169–71

Creole,
21, 225–26, 227, 229, 233, 234

theatrical depictions of, 117

waterfront and, 107–8

slavery, 44, 221

abolitionists and,
see
abolitionists

in Africa, 38–40

Underground Railroad and, 5, 107, 151, 172, 195, 207, 224, 227

in United States, 20–21

slave ships:

conditions on, 52–56,
53, 54

daily routines of, 58

loading of, 47–48

violence on, 69–70

slave trade:

Atlantic, 40–43

cannibalism beliefs and, 72

Cuba and, 60, 132

expansion of, 36

Great Britain and, 9, 16, 19–20, 40, 44, 47, 49, 52, 55, 57, 60, 64, 105, 169, 186, 188–89

Kru people and, 48, 57

lookout posts and, 47

Middle Passage in, 5, 19, 54–60, 228

physical examination of slaves, 44–45, 61

statistics on, 56–57

sugar production and, 17–19, 65, 68–69, 107

wars surrounding, 221–22

Smith, James McCune, 206–7

sorcery, 72

Southern Patriot,
139

Spain, 20, 60, 64

Amistad
case and, 104, 132, 152, 169, 170, 186–87, 188, 190

Spielberg, Steven, 4

Stanley, Roderick, 129

Staples, Seth, 147, 148

Steele, James, 175–76, 215, 217, 218–19, 222, 226–27

Story, Joseph, 190

Sturge, Joseph, 230

sugar production, 17–19, 20, 38, 65, 68–69, 107

Supreme Court, U.S., 3, 181, 183, 184–95, 225, 234

Adams’ speech before, 3, 188, 189–90, 192, 235

appeal of case to, 152, 183

Baldwin’s speech before, 3, 187–88, 192

decision of, 190–91, 207, 235–36

Susu people, 23, 38

Tacky’s rebellion, 170

Taney, Roger B., 183

Tappan, Arthur, 123, 236

Tappan, Lewis, 2, 8, 9, 104, 106, 110–11, 119–20, 123–27, 130, 137–39, 141, 146–48, 150, 154–57, 159, 161, 168–69, 172, 178–79, 183, 184, 193–95, 206, 213, 229, 230, 234–36

and
Amistad
Africans’ return home, 215–16, 217, 221

funding and, 231, 232

mission and, 209–10

on tour, 197–99, 202–3, 205

Teçora,
5, 19, 37, 44, 47, 51, 54–61, 63, 65, 68, 122, 189

uprising aboard, 74

Teme, 54, 65, 109, 110, 129, 136

at Pendleton household, 177, 178, 193, 194

return home, 220

Temne people, 5, 22, 23, 26, 38, 56, 180, 220, 226

Poro Society and,
see
Poro Society

sorcery beliefs among, 72

theater, 3, 4, 8, 114–18, 120

Thompson, George, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 51, 52, 56, 152, 227

illustration of slave ship in book by, 52–54

Thompson, Samuel, 232–33

Thompson, Smith, 131, 132, 184

tobacco, 39

Todd, Francis, 123

Townsend, Amos, Jr., 185, 189, 191, 193

Townsend, William H., 14–16, 39, 112–14, 178–79, 194

Tracy, Joseph, 204

Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, 56–57

Treaty of Ghent, 186

True History of the African Chief Jingua and his Comrades, A,
142–43, 228

Truth, Sojourner, 106

Tsukama, 30, 178, 222

Tua, 22, 108, 159, 175

Tubman, Harriet, 5

Turner, Nat, 9, 21, 162, 237

Tyler, John, 8, 211, 217

Underground Railroad, 5, 107, 151, 172, 195, 207, 224, 227

Union Missionary Society, 213

Vai people, 23, 36–37, 40, 56, 226

Van Buren, Martin, 8, 148–49, 152–53, 183, 189–90, 234, 236

Vashon, J. B., 232

Verdaque, Jacinto, 65, 69, 76

Vesey, Denmark, 108, 237

Victoria, Queen, 8, 19

Vigilance Committees, 107, 172, 195, 207, 224, 231

Walker, David, 8–9, 21, 108, 236–37

Wanderer,
189

warfare, 32, 35–38, 73–74, 78–79

Washington
(brig), 91, 94, 96–99, 101, 116, 122, 132

Washington, D.C., 19

Washington, George, 168, 171, 229

Washington, Madison, 21, 224–26, 233, 236

water spirits, 84–85

Weluwa, 22, 108, 129

“What the Mechanics of the Country Think” (Thompson), 232–33

Wilcox, Norris, 96, 108, 124, 129, 137, 189, 190–91, 195

Williams, A. F., 175, 198–99, 211–13, 216

Wilson, Henry, 215

Wilson, Tamar, 215

Windward Coast,
23,
46

Workingman’s Friend,
165

Wright, Henry C., 226, 237

Wright, Isaac, 214–15

Wright, Theodore S., 207, 208

Yaboi, 26, 41

Yammoni, 108

Yannielli, Joseph L., 227

Zawo War, 21, 39–40, 227

Zuille, John J., 207

Insert

Page 1
. “La Amistad,” watercolor on paper by unknown artist, c. 1839, courtesy of the New Haven Museum & Historical Society, New Haven.

Page 2
. “A Warrior with Poisoned Arrows,” from Francis B. Spilsbury,
Account of a Voyage to the Western Coast of Africa; performed by His Majesty’s sloop Favourite, in the year 1805
(London, 1807), facing
p. 39
, detail, courtesy of the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.

Page 3
.
Top
: Mende “booker” and cutlass, details from “African Farming Utensils,”
Thompson in Africa; or, an Account of the Missionary Labors, Sufferings, Travels, and Observations of George Thompson in Western Africa, at the Mendi Mission
(Dayton, Ohio: Printed for the Author, 1857, ninth edition; orig. printed 1852), 208, collection of the author.
Middle
: Cane knife, from
A True History of the African Chief Jingua and his Comrades
(Hartford, 1839), courtesy of the Beneicke Rare Book and Manuscript Collection, Yale University.
Bottom
: Knives found in the New Haven jail,
New York Morning Herald
, November 9, 1839, courtesy of the New-York Historical Society.

Page 4
. “Ports on the Western Coast of Africa by Captain Alexander T.E. Vidal, R.N., 1837, 38, 39,” Admiralty Chart, Map Collections, detail, © The British Library Board, Maps SEC.11.(1690).

Page 5
.
Top
: “Section of an Embarkation Canoe,” Gallinas Coast, 1849,
The Illustrated London News
, April 14, 1849, 237, collection of the author.
Bottom
:
Description of a Slave Ship
(London, James Phillips, 1789), detail, courtesy of the Peabody-Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts.

Page 6
. “The Portuguese slaver
Diligenté
captured by H. M. Sloop Pearl with 600 slaves on board. Taken in charge to Nassau by Lieut. Henry Hawker R.N. 1838,” watercolor, courtesy of Michael Graham-Stewart.