The Age of Chivalry (47 page)

Louis VII of France
21
,
74
,
102

Louis VIII of France
92

Louis IX of France
96
,
97
,
182
–3

Louis X of France
98
,
99
,
138

Louis of Valois, duke of Orléans
143

loyalties, medieval
195

Lucca
162

Lucius III, pope
187

Ludovico il Moro
213

Madinat al-Kahra
123

Magna Carta
81
,
96
,
136
,
150

Magnus I of Norway
26

Magyars
205

Mamluk Sultanate
109

Manfred
72
,
129

king of Sicily
165

manorial system
190
,
196

Manuel I Commenus
102
–3

manufacturing
193
,
196

Manzikert, Battle of
48
,
50

Marcel, Étienne
140
,
140
,
149
,
217

Margaret, Queen of Scots
184
–5

Maria of Montferrat
107

maritime exploration
205

Marshal, William
150

Marsilio of Padua
159
–60

Martel, Charles
121
,
134

Martel, Charles Robert
134

Martin IV, pope
131
,
132
–3

Martin V, pope
154

Martin of Tours
178

Mary of Antioch
131

Mary of Hungary
134
,
135

masons
192

Mastino II della Scala
167

Matilda, margrave of Tuscany
59
,
60
,
61
,
162
–4,
217

Matilda of England
68
,
74
–6,
217

Meaux, Treaty of
116

Medici, Cosimo de'
168
,
168

Medici, Giovanni de'
168

Medici, Lorenzo de'
168

medieval period

culture
198
–207

society
188
–97

warfare
208
–17
,
209

Melfi
43

Constitutions of
71

mendicancy
206

mercenaries
213

Michael VIII Palaeologus
126
,
129
,
131

Midi
115

military strategy
214
–15

mining
196

miracle plays
87

missionaries
200

Model Parliament
150

Mohammed ibn Nasr
176

Monarchy versus papacy
61
–2

monasteries
84
,
86
,
201

monastic life
201

money lending
197

Mongols
205

Montaperti, Battle of
165

Monte Maggiore, Battle of
42

Montemassi Castle
37

Montfort, Simon de
114
–15,
116
,
150

Montségur castle
116

Montsigard, Battle of
103

Moriscos
176

Mosul
102

motte-and-bailey castles
25

Mozarabs
120
,
123

Muhammad I al-Mustansir
130

Munich
68

Muret, Battle of
116

music
203

Muwallads
120
,
123

mystics
187

Nablus, Council of
100

Najera, Battle of
141

Naples
126
–35

Nasrid dynasty
176

naval warfare
139
,
215
–16,
216

gun decks
216

Navarre
172
,
174

Neville's Cross, Battle of
139

Nicaea
126

siege of
52

Nicholas, anti-pope
160

Nicholas II, pope
42

nobility
193
–6

Nogaret, Guillaume de
156
–7

Nördlingen
33

Norman conquest of England
24

Normandy
19
,
24
–5,
79
,
94
–5,
136
,
141
,
144

Normans

bureaucracy
28

in England
24
–31

in Sicily
40
–7

Northumberland, Earl of
143

Northumbria
27

Notre Dame
22

Novara
213

Nur ad-Din
102

Obodrites
10

Occitania
110
,
117

Ockham, William
160

Order of Friars Minor
186

Orderic Vitalis
91

Ordinance of Villers-Cotterets
117

Ordinances of Justice
166
–7

Orléans
145
,
146
–7

siege of
215
,
217

Otterburn, Battle of
143

Otto I (the Great), of Germany
9
,
10
–11,
10
,
14

Otto II of Germany
11
,
18

Otto III of Germany
12
,
13

Otto IV of Germany
95
,
96
,
136

Otto of Brunswick
71

Otto of Freising
91

Otto of Nordheim, duke of Bavaria
59

Otto of Ostia
61

Ottonian dynasty
8
–15
,
18

Oultrejourdain
103

Ourique, Battle of
175

Outremer
55

Ovid
86

Oviedo
123

Owain Glyndwr
143

Owain Gwynedd
78

Oxford, Provisions of
150

Pachymeres, Georgius
89

Pandulf Ironhead
11

papacy, at Avignon
158
,
159
–60

Pardoner, The
160

pardoners
160

Parlement
of Paris
97

Parliament, English
150
,
151

Parma, Battle of
36
,
72

Parzival
73
,
73

Paschal II, pope
62

Paschal III, antipope
69

Patay, Battle of
145

patronage
193
–6

Paul, apostle
178

Peace and Truce of God
204

peasants
190
–1

Peasants' Revolt
149
,
217

Pedro the Cruel
141
,
142

Peter I of Sicily
132

Peter II of Aragon
115
,
116

Peter III of Aragon
132
,
133

Peter the Hermit
51

Petit-Pont, Adam du
87

Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca)
161
,
161

Philip I of France
63

Philip II Augustus of France
21
,
80
,
92
–6,
93
,
95
,
104
–5,
105
,
114
,
115
,
136
,
197

Philip III, duke of Burgundy
145
–6

Philip III of France
133

Philip IV (le Bel) of France
96
–8,
109
,
138
,
155
,
156
,
158

Philip V of France
98
,
138

Philip VI of France
138
–9

Philip of Swabia
71

Philip of Valois
138

piety
184
–5

Pisa
168

plague

Black Death
167
,
196

medieval
196

Plantagenets
136

dynasty
76
,
81

territorial holdings
79

Plato
90
,
207

Pliny the Elder
86

podestà
164
,
165

Poitiers
143
,
152

Poland
12

Ponte Vecchio
167

Popolo
movement
166

see also Primo Popolo; Secondo Popolo

population levels in Europe
196

Prignano, Bartolomeo
152

Primo Popolo
165
,
166

printing
196
,
203

Provence
128
–9

Provisions of Oxford
150

Puglia
11
,
40
,
43
,
45

Quedlinburg Abbey
14
,
14
–15

Quedlinburg Annals
14

Ramiro II
173

Raymond III of Tripoli
103
,
103
–4

Raymond IV of Toulouse
48
,
51
,
52
,
54

Raymond V of Toulouse
80

Raymond VI of Toulouse
114
,
116

Raymond VII of Toulouse
116

Raymond of Poitiers
102

Raynald of Chatillon
103
,
103
–4

Reccared, king
120

reconquista
170
–7
,
173
,
204
,
210
,
212
,
215

reich
, first
8

reichskirche
(German imperial church)
10

relics
180
–2,
184
,
185

relief
(payment)
195

Renaissance, 12th-century
84
–91

René of Anjou
135

Rhys ap Gruffudd
78
,
217

Riade, Battle of
8

Ribagorza
174

Richard I (the Lionheart) of England
70
,
76
,
80
,
81
,
94
,
104
,
105
–6,
106
–7,
106
,
197

Richard II of England
30
,
31
,
143
,
204

Richard of Bordeaux
143

rinascimento
169

Robert I of Burgundy
19

Robert II, count of Flanders
51
,
52

Robert II (the Pious)
18
–19

Robert III, count
98

Robert, duke of Normandy
28
,
29

Robert, king of Naples
134
,
161

Robert of Anjou
134

Robert of Artois
128

Robert of Geneva, archbishop of Cambrai
154

Robert of Normandy
51

Robert the Great
18

Robin Hood
82
,
83

Roch (Rocco) of Montpellier
184

Roger I of Sicily
41
,
44
,
45

Roger II of Sicily
44
–6,
41

Roger Borsa
44

Rome, republican tradition
38

Roncesvalles, Battle of
122
,
123

Rouen, siege of
214

Rudolf of Swabia
59

Rudolph of Rheinfelden
61

Rus
205

Sagrajas, Battle of
175

Saint-Denis
92
,
182

Saint-Denis abbey
22
,
22
–3

Sainte-Chapelle
96
,
97
,
182

Sainte Foy, abbey of
182

Saintonge War
138

saints
178
–87

books of hours
184
,
184

categorization
178

recognition
179
–80

relics
180
–2

Saint-Sardos
99

War of
138

Saisset, Bernard
156

Saladin
100
,
102
,
103
,
103
,
104
,
106

Saladin tithe
105

Salerno
40
,
43

Salian dynasty
64
–5

Sancho II, king
174

Sancho III the Great
174

Santiago de Compostela
172

Saracens
11

Sassoforte Castle
37

satire
87

Saxony
8
see also
Ottonian dynasty