Parting the Waters (170 page)

sixteen other cities: Morris,
Origins
, p. 188.

contacted Floyd McKissick: Ibid., p. 198.

National Student Association: Int. Curtis Gans, Jan. 5, 1985.

Moore called James Lawson: Morris,
Origins
, p. 205. Also int. Rev. Douglas Moore, Oct. 25, 1984.

Carey flew: Morris,
Origins
, p. 200.

four hundred students: ADW, Feb. 7, 1960, p. 1.

fresh sit-ins broke out: Watters,
Down to Now
, pp. 72-81; Morris,
Origins
, p. 200; ADW, Feb. 13, 1960, p. 1.

“You must tell Martin”: Morris,
Origins
, p. 201.

preacher in Rock Hill: Ibid.

arrested forty-one students: ADW, Feb. 13, 1960, p. 1.

Lawson presided: Morris,
Origins
, p. 206. Also Viorst,
Fire
, p. 107, and int. John Lewis, May 31, 1984.

thirty-one Southern cities: Morris,
Origins
, p. 197.

“another panty raid”: Ibid., p. 200.

extracted from him on January 18: Chauncey Eskridge to Clay Blair, Jr. (editor of the
Saturday Evening Post
), June 24, 1963, A/KP25f25.

urgent telegrams: Implied in Belafonte response telegram, Feb. 5, 1960, BUK3f11.

Wilkins recommended two: Int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 20, 1985.

guarded letter: Implied in Judge Hubert Delaney to King, Feb. 1, 1960, BUK3f20a.

visit to the F. W. Woolworth: Photograph of Abernathy and King at Woolworth's in “A Creative Protest,” King address of Feb. 16, 1960, A/KS2.

“Men are tired”: Ibid.

reporting the sit-ins cautiously: See for example
Jet
's report on the sit-ins, March 3, 1960, pp. 4-5.

Defense Fund refrained: Morris,
Origins
, p. 198. See also NYAN, March 5, 1960, p. 1.

“fill up the jails”: Address, “A Creative Protest,” Feb. 16, 1960, A/KS2.

warrant for King's arrest: ADW, Feb. 18, 1960, p. 1.

first citizen in the history: MA, May 29, 1960, p. 2A.

“If you dance”: ADW, March 1, 1960, p. 1.

King so distraught: C. King,
My Life
, p. 192.

Roy Wilkins declared: ADW, Feb. 20, 1960, p. 1.

tried to recruit:
Jet
, March 3, 1960, p. 8.

preachers met to formulate: ADW, Feb. 21, 1960, p. 1.

heading off the threat: Meeting described (with differing emphases) in Mays,
Born
, pp. 288ff, and in Lonnie King, CRDPOH, pp. 26ff. Also int. Marian Wright Edelman, March 5, 1985.

In Nashville: Nashville sit-ins and Lawson case from James Lawson, MVCOH, and int. Lawson, Nov. 14, 1983; int. John Lewis, May 31, 1984, and John Lewis, CRDPOH; Viorst,
Fire
, pp. 108ff; “Sit-In,” Folkways Album No. FH5590;
Christian Century
, March 16, 1960, p. 309, June 8, 1960, pp. 685-86, Aug. 10, 1960, pp. 921-25.

planning session in Abernathy's: Int. Bernard Lee, Oct. 17, 1984.

“totalitarian in spirit”:
Alabama Journal
, Feb. 26, 1960, p. 1.

“Boy, they really love you”: Int. Bernard Lee, Oct. 27, 1984.

moved in perfect concert: Bernard Lee, CRDPOH.

photograph with a caption: MA, Feb. 28, 1960, p. 1.

“Sullivan's problem”: MA, March 2, 1960, p. 4A.

King surrendered: ADW, March 1, 1960, p. 1.

not to flunk: Int. Robert Williams, April 3, 1984.

students all sang: Bernard Lee affidavit, February 1961, A/SC60f10.

At Orangeburg: Morris,
Origins
, p. 204.

arrested 388: Ibid., p. 209

sight of it haunted McDew: Charles McDew, CRDPOH.

forty new cities: Morris,
Origins
, p. 197.

“flaunting their arrogance”: MA, March 6, 1960.

“Don't all of you pile”: Bernard Lee affidavit, February 1961, A/SC60f10.

“Fred, I'm not a dictator”: Shuttlesworth, A/OH.

suppressed Birmingham's: Report of Lt. George Wall, Feb. 29, 1960, BIR/BC6f14.

Connor issued: Connor press release, Feb. 26, 1960, BIR/BC6f14.

“Keep your eyes open”: Connor to T. H. Cook, March 8, 1960, BIR/BC5f24.

offered Ella Baker's SCLC post: King to Walker, March 5, 1960, BUK9f16.

Including Wyatt Walker: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Aug. 20, 1984.

Walker was a hotspur: Ibid., Dec. 21, 1984; also Walker, CRDPOH, Oct. 11, 1967.

Walker asked the librarian: Walker interviews and CRDPOH, Ibid.

He sent Walker: King to Walker, March 8, 1960, BUK9f16.

telegram to Fred: King to Shuttlesworth, April 4, 1960, BUK6f154.

Pat Stephens issued: Meier and Rudwick,
CORE
, pp. 106-7.

“nothing more majestic”: King to C. K. Steele, March 19, 1960, BUK9f2.

“reign of terror”: King to Eisenhower, March 9, 1960, BUK1f38.

“An Appeal for Human Rights”: ADW, March 9, 1960. Also published in AC, AJ, and NYT.

seventy-seven students arrested: ADW, March 16, 1960, p. 1.

billed King $1,000: Blayton to Judge Hubert Delaney, April 29, 1960, BUK1f24.

charged King nearly: Blayton to King, June 8, 1960, BUK1f24, by which time Blayton's fee was listed at $4,610.18.

lawyers thought Blayton: Int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 20, 1985. Also int. Clarence Jones, Nov. 21, 1983, and Delaney to Ming, April 15, 1960, BUK1f24. In Delaney to King, May 2, 1960, BUK1f24, Delaney told King he did “not care to make a comment” about Blayton's latest bill, but that he hoped King could persuade Blayton to make an adjustment. He advised King that Stanley Levison was planning to talk to Blayton himself, which Delaney, evidently aware of Levison's blunt manner, believed would be a mistake.

He had five of them: King to Ming, Delaney, Gray, Shores, and Seay, March 5, 1960, BUK1f24.

Northerners complaining: Int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 20, 1985. Also Levison to King, July 13, 1960, BUK1f10.

Southerners complaining: Int. Fred Gray, Nov. 21, 1984.

astonished Levison and Harry: Int. Harry Belafonte, March 6, 1985.

Committee to Defend: Committee documents in the A. Philip Randolph Papers include “Statement on the Indictment of Martin Luther King, Jr.,” March 3, 1960; minutes of board meetings of March 7, March 21, March 28, and April 4, 1960; and Stanley Levison to Randolph, Sept. 2, 1960 (with financial statement enclosed)—all Box 23, APR.

sat down with Harry: Int. Bayard Rustin, Feb. 21, 1984.

suing the
Times
: Facts on the genesis of the lawsuit taken from petitioners' brief to the U.S. Supreme Court in
The New York Times
v.
Sullivan
, Case No. 40, October Term, 1963, pp. 8, 9, 28.

Besides, said Rustin: Int. Bayard Rustin, Feb. 21, 1984.

bluster and petty bickering: Int. Bayard Rustin, Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, and Joseph Lowery.

surprise raid: Clark,
Echo
, pp. 3ff.

“integrated whorehouse”: Bledsoe,
All Hang
, pp. 106-7. Also Nashville
Tennessean
, cited in Clark,
Echo
, p. 10.

first padlocked: ADW, Oct. 1, 1959, p. 1, and Feb. 18, 1960, p. 4. Also Clark,
Echo
, p. 229.

moonshine laws: Clark,
Echo
, p. 8.

Clark hosted the first: Morris,
Origins
, pp. 218-19. Roster and agenda in Harris Wofford correspondence file, SHSW/HP.

“You Better Leave Segregation Alone”: Int. James Bevel, May 16, 1985; Folkways Album #FH5590.

taught them old songs: Carawan report to Myles Horton, c. 1965, Reel 7, SHSW/ HP.

guarantee the expenses with $800: Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 20.

$600 contribution: Abernathy to SCLC board, April 7, 1960, A/SC53f5.

The trio agreed: Baker to King and Abernathy, March 23, 1960, A/SC32f39.

“Love is the central motif”: Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 22.

“magazine of the black bourgeoisie”: Nashville
Banner
, April 18, 1960, p. 8.

unjustly and unwisely exposed: Int. James Lawson, Nov. 8, 1983.

“our greatest resource”: Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 23.

“moving away from tactics”: Statement, April 15, 1960, BUK1.

vigorous contest: Charles McDew, CRDPOH.

wrangled briefly: Int. Bernard Lee, Oct. 25, 1984.

Baker “smashed”: Forman,
The Making
, p. 215.

drafted testimony: Ella Baker, CRDPOH, pp. 48-49.

“There is no fight”: Nashville
Banner
, April 18, 1960, p. 8.

hierarchies were invidious: Int. James Lawson, Nov. 9, 1983.

“That's the best news”: Ibid. Also int. Rev. Douglas Moore, Oct. 24, 1984.

Ming had helped: Hughes, NAACP, p. 107.

fretting among themselves: Delaney to Ming, April 15, 1960, BUK1f24. Also int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 20, 1985.

“some little unintentional”: ADW, March 1, 1960, p. 1.

Eskridge perked up: Int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 20, 1985.

“How about eating”: Viorst,
Fire
, p. 116.

“Little lady”: Ibid.

“Dr. King didn't take”: Int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 20, 1985.

“No lie can live”: Nashville
Banner
, April 21, 1960, p. 8.

“puzzled and greatly distressed”: Wilkins to King, April 27, 1960, A/KP17f5.

“no one in the world today”: Muste to King, March 23, 1960, BUK4f19.

welcomed Kenneth Kaunda: ADW, May 6, 1960, p. 1.

“no dealings with SCLC, ever”: Int. James Lawson, Nov. 9, 1983.

“I think Martin”: Ibid.

heard the news: Int. Rev. Douglas Moore, Oct. 24, 1984.

“I'm just mean enough”: Int. Rev. Wyatt Tee Walker, Aug. 20, 1984.

two-day meeting early: Ibid. Also int. Bayard Rustin, Feb. 21, 1984. The three-page agenda Walker prepared for the meeting, May 10-11, 1960, is in BUK1f31.

“able to pay his salary”: E.g., King to Shortridge, July 21, 1960, Shortridge Papers.

“Don't you think we need”: Int. Robert P. Moses, Aug. 10, 1983.

deputies on horseback: NYT, May 17, 1960, p. 19.

gathered the next morning: Int. Marian Wright Edelman, March 5, 1985.

“that many niggers”: ADW, May 18, 1960, p. 4.

birth control pill: Enovid story appeared in NYT, May 9, 1960, p. 75, as noted in Manchester,
Glory
, p. 1039.

opened fire on a crowd: Hoagland,
South Africa
, p. 132.

Africans burning: NYT, March 29, 1960, p. 1.

jailed 13,000: Hoagland,
South Africa
, p. 133.

secret agents snatched: NYT, May 24, 1960, p. 1.

dropped 90 percent: NYT, May 4, 1960, p. 1.

On May 5: Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, pp. 563ff. The U-2 account is drawn entirely from Ambrose's authoritative biography of Eisenhower.

sign the Civil Rights Act: Miller,
Lyndon
, p. 280.

“like to resign”: Ambrose,
Eisenhower
, p. 575.

wore white collars: Goldman,
Crucial Decade
, p. 298.

“Gone for the first time”:
Time
, Jan. 10, 1955, quoted in L. Jones,
Great Expectations
, p. 37.

“must be smoking opium”: NYT, March 29, 1960, p. 1.

Only two senators: Muskie of Maine and Jackson of Washington, Evans and Novak,
Johnson
, p. 269.

Eleanor Roosevelt: Schlesinger,
Thousand Days
, pp. 22-23; Sorensen,
Kennedy
, pp. 118-19.

only Democratic senator: Sorensen,
Kennedy
, pp. 48-49.

Adam Clayton Powell: NYT, July 2, 1960, p. 6.