Pain (51 page)

pharmacies: in nonwhite neighborhoods,
194
,
197

online,
6
,
169
,
187

Walgreen's,
189

physician-assisted suicide (PAS): in California,
140

Congress and,
158
–59

debate over,
150

Glucksberg challenge to ban on,
152
,
154
–55,
156
–57

irony of,
153

Left and,
149

libertarian and states' rights claims for,
155
–56

pain care reform and,
140
–41

pain defense and,
132
,
144
–50

Supreme Court and,
156
–57.
See also
Kevorkian, Jack

physicians: acupuncture therapy and,
88
–89,
91
–92

authority of,
65
,
95
,
154

conservative practice of,
138
,
142

doctor shopping,
5
,
170
,
181
,
198

education in pain care,
8
,
138
,
142
,
185
,
190
,
210
,
211
–13

frustrations of,
52
–53

as gatekeepers,
41
,
50
,
53
,
76

legal oversight of,
95
,
135
,
139
,
141
–43,
160

liberal views and practice of,
60
,
66
,
80
,
87
,
89
,
135
,
136
–37

pain persona and,
46
,
49
–50,
53
–54

in politics,
136
–38,
151
,
153
–54

survey comments from,
40
–42,
43
–44.
See also
American Medical Association

Pickle, J. J.,
117
,
118
,
120

Pius XII (pope),
134

placebos,
67

Polanco, Richard,
139
,
140

Polaski, Lorraine,
101
,
119
–20

Polaski v. Heckler
,
119
–20,
122
,
208

politics of pain: in China,
89
–91,
94

disability and,
53
–54

at end of life,
134
–35

government role and,
58
–59

in 1970s,
96
–97

overview of,
6
–12

OxyContin and,
199
–201

party ideology and,
61
,
203
–4

political parties and,
155
–56,
166
–67

Reagan era and,
123
,
126
–30

theaters of compassion and,
202
–8

veterans and,
18
–19,
21
–22,
25
,
27
–28,
44

and worthiness for relief,
48
–49.
See also
conservatism; courts; liberalism

Portnoy, Russell,
200

Posner, Richard,
111

prescription drugs: adverse events from,
191

diversion of,
6
,
170
,
180
–81,
184

overmedication with,
194
–99.
See also
medication; regulation of drugs;
specific drugs

pseudoaddiction,
198
,
207

Public Citizen Health Research Group,
175

Public Law 748 (1948),
22

Purdue Pharma,
182
,
183
,
184
–85,
188
–90,
191
–92,
200

Purvis, Dara,
126

Quill, Timothy,
154

race.
See
ethnicity

radicalization of pain relief,
76
–87

Reagan, Nancy,
107

Reagan, Ronald,
107

administration of,
97
–102,
108
–15,
118
,
123

Carter and,
105
–6

courts and,
117
–19,
129

election of,
106
; “fetal pain” and,
123
–25

HHS and,
98
–99

legacy of,
123
–28

“nonacquiescence” policy of,
102,
117

politics of pain and,
128
–30,
204

reelection of,
114
–15

SSDI and,
3
,
98
,
99
–100,
106
–8

and war against welfare,
98
,
101
,
102
,
104
,
108
–15

regulation of drugs: agencies responsible for,
135

Hurwitz and,
141
–43

opponents of,
75

OxyContin and,
186
–94

PAS and,
158
–59

trust and,
172
.
See also
Drug Enforcement Administration; Food and Drug Administration

Rehnquist, William,
154
–55,
156

Reich, Charles,
18

“Relieving Pain in America” (Institute of Medicine),
211

Religious Right: “fetal pain” and,
123
–25

influence of,
166

PAS and,
150

Schiavo and,
162
–63

Republican Party, Moral Majority wing of,
123
–25

Reston, James,
87

Rhinelander, Frederic,
55

Rich, Ben,
141

Richards, Wayne,
26

Rieff, Philip,
72

Rodgers, Daniel,
155
,
203

Rodgers, Margaret,
121
,
123

Roe v. Wade
,
150

Rogers, Mike,
208
,
210

Rosomoff, Hubert,
66

Russell, Harold,
24

Sammons, James,
138

Schiavo, Terri,
162
–63

Schlessinger, Laura,
1

Schweiker, Richard,
116

Oraflex and,
173
,
175
,
176

SSDI and,
3
,
109
,
110
,
112

Sechzer, Philip,
95

secondary gains,
55
,
79
,
212

Serlin, David,
37

Shaw, Robert,
79
–80

sickle cell disease,
8
,
49
,
68
–69,
194
,
197

sick role,
51
,
55

Silent Scream, The
(film),
124

60
Minutes
,
148

Smith, Chris,
206

Snyder, Howard,
32

social entitlements: compassion and,
63

critique of,
105

Medicaid,
70
,
190

Medicare,
70
,
105
,
106

pain and,
18
,
63
,
76

supplemental security income,
103

veterans' benefits,
18
.
See also
Social Security disability insurance

socialized medicine: Orr on,
47

postwar fears of,
4
,
13
,
20
,
21
–22,
25
–26

Social Security disability insurance (SSDI): adjudication of pain and,
45
–46

appeals of denial of benefits,
57
–58

Carter and,
103
,
104
–5

Eisenhower and,
3
–4,
17

funding for,
103

legitimacy of pain complaints,
60
–64

liberalism and,
59

Orr attack on,
46
–47

passage of legislation for,
45

purging of rolls of,
98
,
99
–100,
110
–12,
113
,
121
–22

Reagan and,
3
,
98
,
99
–100,
106
–8

Son of Sam,
107
–8,
204

Spock, Benjamin,
67

spoiled identity, management of,
46
–54

SSDI.
See
Social Security disability insurance

SSI (supplemental security income),
103

Stark, Pete,
160
,
180

states' rights: conservatism, PAS, and,
159
–64

PAS and,
135
,
155
–56

politics of pain and,
206

Supreme Court and,
166
.
See also specific states

Steiner, Peter, cartoon of,
8

Stevenson, Ian,
39

Strauss, Anselm,
10

Sudafed,
180

Sullivan, Albert,
21

supplemental security income (SSI),
103

Supreme Court: compassion and,
164
–67

Glucksberg
case,
154
–55,
156
–57

Gonzales v. Oregon
,
163
–64

Polaski v. Heckler
,
119
–20,
122
,
208

protesters outside,
164

surveillance approach,
198
–99.
See also

regulation of drugs

Svahn, John,
99

Sweeney, Eileen,
120

Syntex Corporation,
177
–78

Szasz, Thomas,
81

Taylor, Linda,
98

Taylor, Paul,
2

tenBroek, Jacobus,
71

terminal illness: lobotomy and,
36
–37

pain relief and,
134
–35,
156
–57.
See also
end-of-life care

Texas Intractable Pain Treatment Act,
136
–38

Texas Medical Association,
161

thalidomide scandal,
71
,
172

Theberge v. United States
,
62
–63

theories of pain: of Bonica,
33
–35

complainants as pathological,
50

cultural relativism,
81
–84

felt pain as true pain,
63

gate control,
77
–79,
80
,
85
–86,
87
,
91
,
95
,
207

learned helplessness,
96
,
109
–10,
207

learned pain syndrome,
96

pattern theory,
78

permissiveness,
53
,
67
,
152

as political,
77
,
86

pseudoaddiction,
198
,
207

psychological,
54
–56

as psychologically illegitimate,
109

specificity theory,
78

as weapons,
4
.
See also
double effect, principle of; personality

Threshold
(film),
81
,
82

Tibbits, Clark,
17

Todd, Knox,
194

Toradol,
177
–78

tort law,
76

tort reform,
179

torture, as public policy,
193

tranquilizers,
31
–32,
39
,
51
,
72
,
172

Trojan horse: Orr on,
46
–47

pain as,
39
,
54
–56

pain complainant as,
28

soldiers' pain as,
42

Truman, Harry: national health insurance and,
13

veterans' benefits and,
16
,
20
,
21
–22

tuberculosis,
44

Tuttle, Herbert,
100
,
110

Tylenol,
178

University of Wisconsin Pain and Policy Study Group,
201

Upjohn and Motrin,
174

VA.
See
Veterans Administration

Vacco v. Quill
,
154

veterans: benefits for,
4
,
23
,
25
–27

demographic pressures and,
19
–20

Eisenhower and,
23
–25,
44
–45

of Iraq war,
193

pain complaints of,
13
–14,
15
–18,
46

postwar adjustment of,
19
,
21

rating pain of,
39
–46

service-related disabilities of,
22
–23,
44
.
See also
Bradley Commission on Veterans' Compensation

Veterans Administration (VA): disability categorization of,
40

expansion of,
15
,
22
–23

strains on,
26

veterans'

groups and,
47

veterans' groups,
25
–26,
47

Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW),
18
,
25
,
47
,
48

Vioxx,
169
,
172
,
183
,
190
–92,
193