Authors: Thanassis Valtinos
Then the big blockade started. And to get rid of people they killed some of them. That's when they killed the BraÃlas woman. I got out in time, she didn't. In the month of June. It was June when we found out. On Saint Peter's Day.
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The neighbors had come to wish us well for our Pétros's name day.
Pavlákos was present at the execution of VasÃlimis. It was a brother of his who killed VasÃlimis. A brother of his, and BouraÃmis. Mihális BouraÃmis, who now receives a pension for being in the Resistance. He killed the man and he's getting a pension. They captured Yiánnis VasÃlimis, a big, tall man. Nice-looking man, good-looking. With young children, a son and a daughter. They arrested him with his father. His father went over to them. He tells them, Hey, you fellows, what did Yiánnis ever do to you? Then someone bashed him, we don't know who, and threw him down in some tall bushes. But the old man lived, he didn't die. They took Yiánnis up a ways, to a place they call Spathokomménoi, it's farther up, on the road from Koúvli. It was Koúvli where they arrested him. His brother, Pavlákos, and the others. And they killed him in Spathokomménoi. The old man got himself out of those bushes, he went to his daughter-in-law. Miliá, Miliá, he shouts to her. They killed Yiánnis, you poor girl, go and collect him. Miliá took my sister-in-law Electra and they went up there and found him. My sister-in-law said he was beaten so bad he'd kicked up a foot's-length of dirt, that's what she told me, he was buried in that dirt. Seems he was beaten a lot before he died. I don't know if they knifed him or not, I don't know about Pavlákos, but that other fellow, the one from Galtená, went to prison for quite a few years. They had him in some prison somewhere. And now they say he gets no sleep, that bloodshed still hounds him.
Márkos came down to Kastrà in 1943. Just after Saint Constantine's Day.
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He was older than me but we were both named after the same grandfather. He was trying to put together a group. To start up a skeleton organization. The first of the British had parachuted onto Mount Parnon. The first group of the SMA. And he left to meet them. Of course he never came back. It should be noted here that he was always on good terms with the leftists. During the Metaxás dictatorship he was in contact with them. First of all, he hid someone named Látsis in his house. From Ayios VasÃleios in KynourÃa. Later on he made him his koumbáros. He had connections to the Communist Party from way back then. He was also working with Polývios Isariótis. That's not a code name. Polývios Isariótis, a lawyer. They shared the same office. He was a Communist too. Márkos left the army in 1935. He wasn't discharged. He resigned. As a first lieutenant, I think. He graduated from the Army Cadet Academy, he studied, he got a degree in law, he got his license to practice law, then he quit. He brought his brothers and sisters to Athens, he set up house there, he started working. He put the girls in school, his sisters, in some vocational school. 1930â1935. Until that time most everybody else stayed in KastrÃ. He struggled. He had a sharp mind, he soaked up everything. He spoke good English, good French. He had also reestablished his connection with the Freemasons, and he was rising. Rising fast. An important and prominent person. Extremely cultivated. NÃkos Karvoúnis wrote the battle hymn “To Arms, to Arms” at his house. NÃkos Karvoúnis, the leftist writer. Márkos gave him shelter during the early years of the
Occupation. He looked after him. He wrote that at Márkos's house, and Márkos's brother Yiórgos IoannÃtzis typed it for him. I have firsthand knowledge of this. And also Polývios Isariótis, when he came down to Arcadia to organize EAM, he sent him to me. He stayed at our house, I helped him make his first contacts. In fact he was the first one from EAM to come to KastrÃ. He must have come in November. Early November 1941. EAM was formed in September. It was founded in September in Athens. And the cadres of the KKE who joined up straight away were spread over the rest of Greece. Each of them took a prefecture. Polývios came to Arcadia. We got to know each other. I knew him from Márkos's office. I was a student. He was a short, athletic type. So he came there, he set up his organization, in 1941. The Organization became dormant then but was reactivated in 1943. When the air drops began on Mount Parnon. The first drop took place on May 21, in Megáli Lákka. That's where it happened. Then Márkos came down from Athens. He invited some people for a meal at Haloúlos's taverna. That was his fatal weakness. It sealed his fate. All the EAM activists were there, Magoúlis, Kléarhos, and the rest. As Márkos's guests. He announced that he was going forward, he would form his own cell. A few days later he got up and left. He stayed at our uncle the doctor's. At Uncle Menélaos's house. He went up to Mount Parnon. The third, the fourth, or fifth of July 1943. Until recently I didn't know the circumstances under which he was killed. This past year someone put out a book. One of those self-published books. Stámos Triantafýllis. He portrays himself as a rebel chieftain. A Reserve second lieutenant during the Albanian campaign. The Old Man of Mount Parnon and all that. About himself. And he says that it was Látsis who killed IoannÃtzis. Before he met up with the British agents of SMA he met with Látsis. He tried to convince him to leave EAM, to go over to his organization. This discussion took place on the road. From Platanáki to Palaiohóri. Both of them on horseback. Then Látsis took out his gun and shot him in cold blood, from behind. The rebels escorting them were speechless. In the back of his neck. Why did you stop? Látsis yelled at them. And they left, they left Márkos down there. How dependable Triantafýllis's information is I don't
know. At any rate, he was there on Mount Parnon. He doesn't say, I saw it. Some eyewitnesses told this to him. I was in Kastrà at the time. And I'd gone to Voúrvoura with Nikólas FarmakoulÃdas. I don't remember why anymore. On some related business in any case. In the meantime the dispute with EAM was coming to a head. Those bums, Yiánnis Velissáris would say. He'd started out with the opposition. Then he went over to their cell. I knew them all, I was well acquainted with everyone. Aléxis IatrÃdis's boys. Old Aléxis. His nephews. My brother NÃkos. They also had their friends. Spýros Roúmelis. All of them casualties. Roúmelis, that was his nickname. SelÃmos. A scrupulous fellow. Roúmelis was his mother's name. After the village of AyÃa Roúmeli. Which is in Crete. He had no relatives. Just a sister, she's still living. Someone from Vérvaina married her. Those people had been through a lot. And it showed on their faces. They suffered. And his sister still does, even today. There was another man there. Yiórgos Stratigópoulos. He was studying law. I was good friends with him too. He wrote poems. He came from KastrÃ, on his mother's side. And TzÃmis BoÃnis also. Another casualty. Killed. So the rebels set up a blockade. I don't remember the date. They arrested me and FarmakoulÃdas. In our beds. The others were hiding. They took us to Meligoú. We spent the night there. They left FarmakoulÃdas there in Meligoú. Seems like the officers were seeing a lot of action. Kyreléis, Dránias, a Reserve officer, Yiánnis Kounoúfos from Karátoula, a squadron chief. From our organization. Me, they kept. Because as a student I was a leftist and because I had no clear involvement in it all. They kept me. And I went up to the mountains. With them. They put me in charge of the Justice sector. I already had my law degree. I was also a good public speaker. I was in my element. I stayed there until November 1943. Working for the committee of EAM of East LaconÃa and KynourÃa. With headquarters in LeonÃdio. We had the whole area. Up to Yeráki. The secretary was Kóstas Pappás. A code name. For Yiánnis Kouráfas, a
Triatatikós
.
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In August I asked to go back to KastrÃ. On August 15, the Feast of the Virgin. They let me go. I went, I stayed four days, I came back. On my return they immediately placed me under arrest. An accusation was made that I was with the Gestapo.
In the mountains that meant you were executed. I wasn't an agent of the British Intelligence Service, I was with the Gestapo. They placed me under arrest. In LeonÃdio. Manólis Roúgas was there, working with EPON.
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My brother NÃkos was there. And in TrÃpolis the secretary of the KKE was Yiórghis Mavromantilás. Mihális's brother. They were from Górtyna, but Mihális had married one of our women. Married into KastrÃ. And Yiórghis and I were in school together. I gave NÃkos and Manólis a note, to go and find the secretary. To find Yiórghis Mavromantilás. They found him. And he sent a message, I assume, and he vouched for me. So they sent me on a test mission. I went, I came back. The mission was to deliver a highly confidential envelope to the village of Platanáki. Which of course had nothing in it. To check whether I would open it or not. And after that I was escorted by someone known only as Triantáfyllos around the mountain villages to speak to the residents. I was the orator for the whole region. We went to Prastós, we called a monk. He was a KKE supporter. Who is the greater prophet, Christ or Stalin? Christ, who's he? he answered. Why Stalin is. We went down to LeonÃdio. I started having my doubts down there. Things can't go on like this. I also recognized Márkos's knapsack. A small detachment had arrived in LeonÃdio. We were eating. They were going to ferry across to Iria in Náfplion in a caïque. They would get to Spétses and from Spétses they would go across. It was there I became convinced that they had killed Márkos IoannÃtzis. From the stories told to us by a certain Kapetán Zahariás. He'd go on and on. But there was no mistaking it, I saw Márkos's knapsack. The knapsack he took up to Mount Parnon with him. I gave it to him that morning. Just before he left from our uncle the doctor's house. We had slept there. I recognized it. I say to myself, Now what can that mean? He's finished. So Zahariás went on with his story: And that fellow Karátoulas came along with his knapsack, and so on and so forth. And a rebel said to him. Another version of his murder. What are you carrying that for? And he executed him. Karátoulas was Márkos's code name. Márkos was a protector to all of us in some way. I was overcome by a fiercely intense melancholy. I couldn't live with the idea that I was involved if only indirectly in the murder of my
cousin. Kóstas Pappás saw me like that. He took me aside. Because I was a trustworthy associate I had won his friendship. Comrade, what's wrong? I want to go see a doctor. My appendix is bothering me. I need to have an operation. He tells me, I'll let you leave. But you can't come back. You can't come back. I left whatever I had there. We went down to Pláka. A seaport of LeonÃdio. He put me in a boat himself to get me to Astros. I thought, They'll sink me. At dawn we made it to Astros. With oarsâand with sails when there was wind. In Astros I run into Velissáris, right there in front of me. Hey, Yiánnis. He had come down to Astros too. Yiánnis and I were colleagues. He was still practicing law, in fact. What are you doing here? I'm on leave, I tell him. I'm going up to the village. Some things are destined to be. We'll go together, he says to me. Yiánnis had relatives in Dolianá. We went to Dolianá, a crowd gathered. I spoke. We go to Stólos. To MÃtsos Kapetanéas. He was Yiánnis's uncle. Yiánnis was his sister's son. We went there, and of course MÃtsos put himself out. He got some meat, he got all kinds of things. When it came to entertaining he was a prince among men. In the evening we sat down to eat. He says to me, Márkos, what are you going to do? I say, I'll leave for Athens. And you, Yiánnis? I can't go along. Why can't you, Yiánnis? I haven't the means. Listen, MÃtsos says to him. As long as I'm alive you don't have to worry about anything. You'll get on better than anyone. MÃtsos not only owned land. He was good at everything. Things came easy to him. Yiánnis didn't answer. Didn't say yes or no. We came to KastrÃ. I wasn't afraid he would betray me, that's how much I trusted him. And I'm talking about November 1943. I go find Yiórghis Haloúlos. The clerk. Things are tough, I tell him. They're tough, he tells me. What will we do now? What can we do? I tell him, I'm going to Athens. But I need a permit. Uncle Menélaos had already left. We'll get you one, Yiórghis says. He went down to TrÃpolis, he found someone from RÃzes. He had dealings with the Germans. Black market and all that. My father knew him well. Yiórghis says to him, Márkos, the doctor's nephew, wants to go to Athens. He came down from the mountains. Let's go get him with the Germans, he says. Yiórghis laughed. A permit is enough, he tells him. You don't have to go get him. Kaoúnis was his
name, from RÃzes. A real chatterbox. So I got ready to leave. I found NÃkos Xinós. He was working with his brother Thomás. I knew that a car would be leaving for Athens. NÃkos, will you take me with you? I'll pay you. Me, take money for that, Mr. Márkos, sir, he says to me. We'll take you anywhere you want. We'll get the gazogene truck ready. Tsourapélos's truck. Those boys worked as helpers. They were young, had no parents. We arranged for them to come at dawn to wake me. Early that night, Broúsalis, Delivoriás, and Achilléas show up at our house. The entire leadership of the Arcadia branch of EAM. They had passed through Zygós. I think it was about that time that someone called Háris NestorÃdis was sentenced to be executed. As a collaborator with the Italians, up around there. They executed him and they came to KastrÃ. With an escort of men from ELAS. All the leaders of EAM. They came to our house, they stayed there at our house. We had rooms, the women made up beds for them. At night we had a meal, we talked. I knew I was leaving in the morning. I didn't tell them anything. Around daybreak I hear voices at my window. Mr. Márkos, sir. There are Germans in the square. It was the Xinós brothers. Germans on bicycles in the square. I jump up. I wake the others. I wait for them to dress and collect their guns and all their things. I'm the last one to leave. I jumped down into my aunt Omorfoúla's yard, I put the others ahead of me. The Germans fired some shots behind us. They saw us. They didn't detain us. And come daybreak we had made our way to KoubÃla. We went to Koutsoyiánnis's inn. There were others gathered there. Meanwhile, we had come by some information. The Germans had blockaded KastrÃ. With a detachment of cyclists in the front guard. A silent front guard. To take us by surprise. We arrived in KoubÃla. My brother NÃkos was with us. Achilléas says to him. Kapetán Achilléas. Achilléas of OPLA. The terrorist. He tells NÃkos and another man to leave for Plátanos. There was an ELAS unit there. To attack the Germans. I laughed. How could they attack, with what and with whom? How long would it have taken them to get to Plátanos? It can't be done, the others tell him. And that heroic decision was quickly forgotten. In the meantime the blockade ended. I went back to KastrÃ. The Germans had killed Demosthénis
PantazÃs and a professor named Panayotópoulos. Not from our parts, from TrÃpolis I think. There was weeping and wailing of course. Killing was still something unusual in the village. A few days later NÃkos Xinós comes and finds me. Mr. Márkos, sir, the gazogene truck is ready. And that's how I left. I went to Athens and left my troubles behind. At first I stayed at Yiórgos IoannÃtzis's house. At lunchtime I often ate with our uncle the doctor. With Uncle Menélaos in the MetaxourgheÃo neighborhood in Athens. Then the Germans left. I went to Kifisiá. I couldn't stay at Yiórghis's place. We had other relatives in Kifisiá. RomylÃa and the rest of them. Then they found us a room in Ilisós.
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Just below the Makriyiánni district near the Acropolis. Eléni and I moved in there. I met an old girlfriend of mine there. I'd stayed at their house in Neápolis. As a student. Beautiful girl, like a statue. She was going out with a district attorney at the time. She told me all about him. But she preferred me. She was older than me. I ran into her in Ilisós. Pópi? I say to her. I'm living here with my mother, she tells me. She had a sister. She was living with someone, an old man, he was supporting her. I don't know if he married her. Pópi was down in the dumps. What's the matter? I say to her. Come to my house, she tells me. They were running a gambling racket there. Pópi was one of a group of professional mourners. Which meant that KOBA