Operation Storm: Japan's Top Secret Submarines and Its Plan to Change the Course of World War II (69 page)

1.
Ermino Bagnasco,
Submarines of World War II
(London: Cassell, 2000), pp. 175–76.

2.
Masanori Ito,
The End of the Imperial Japanese Navy: A Japanese Account of the Rise and Fall of Japan’s Seapower
(New York: Macfadden Books, 1965), p. 18; Bagnasco,
Submarines of World War II
, p. 176.

3.
Norman Polmar and Dorr B. Carpenter,
Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1904–1945
(London: Conway Maritime Press, 1986), p. 65.

4.
Clay Blair, Jr.,
Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan
(Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1975), p. 877.

5.
Ibid. It was 22 percent.

6.
Mochitsura Hashimoto,
Sunk!
(New York: Avon, 1954), p. vii.

7.
Stephen Lobdell Johnson, Legion of Merit citation, March 17, 1947, at National Personnel Records Center, Military Personnel Records, St. Louis.

8.
George Gamble, interview by author.

9.
Ibid.

10.
Carlo M. Carlucci, interview by author.

11.
Alex Leitch, “The Chase, Capture and Boarding of a Japanese Submarine,”
Polaris
, December 1985,
http://home.earthlink.net/~richandannie/id71.html
.

12.
Robert O’Connor, interview by author.

13.
USS
Segundo
(SS 398), in
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
(1976), pp. 6:429–30,
http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/submar/ss398.txt
.

14.
Nobukiyo Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo: Sensuikuubo I-401 Kanchou No Shuki
[
Surprise Attack on the American Fleet! Memoir of the I-401 Aircraft-Carrying Submarine by Its Captain
] (Tokyo: Fuami Shobo, 1988), p. 247.

15.
Nobutaka Nambu, interview by author.

16.
Tsugio Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
[
Phantom Submarine Carrier
] (Tokyo: Kabushiki Gaisha Kojin-sha, 1989), p. 275.

17.
Henry Sakaida, Gary Nila, and Koji Takaki,
I-400: Japan’s Secret Aircraft-Carrying Strike Submarine, Objective Panama Canal
(East Sussex, U.K.: Hikoki, 2006), p. 87.

18.
Nobutaka Nambu, interview by author.

19.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 134.

20.
Fukui,
Japanese Naval Vessels at the End of the War
, p. 35.

21.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 246; Fukui,
Japanese Naval Vessels at the End of the War
, p. 35. A different Japanese source says work on the
I-405
was canceled (not begun) in September 1944 and the sub dismantled. See Seiji Azuma, “Sekai Ni Hirui Naki ‘
I-400
Gata,
I-13
Gata’ No Kouzou to Seinou [The Construction and Efficiency of the Unparalleled
I-400
and
I-13
],”
Maru
Special,
Japanese Naval Vessels
, no. 13, 1977, p. 28.

22.
Nambu,
Beikidoukantai wo Kishuseyo
, p. 246; Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 279.

23.
Fukui,
Japanese Naval Vessels at the End of the War
, p. 36.

24.
Azuma, “Sekai Ni Hirui Naki,” p. 33.

25.
Polmar and Carpenter,
Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy
, p. 110.

26.
John E. Long, “Japan’s Undersea Carriers,”
U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings
, June 1950, p. 610.

27.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 276.

28.
Tsugio Yata, interview by author.

29.
Heiji Kondo, interview by author.

30.
Tsugio Yata, “SubRon 1 … Aims for U.S. Fleet at Ulithi and Panama Canal,”
I-401 History, I-401
Submarine Society, Japan.

31.
Chin-Ji Inouye, interview by author.

32.
Henry Sakaida, Gary Nila, and Koji Takaki,
I-400: Japan’s Secret Aircraft-Carrying Strike Submarine, Objective Panama Canal
(East Sussex, U.K.: Hikoki, 2006), p. 87.

33.
United States of America vs. Hisashi Ichioka et al.
, Case no. 339, April 14, 1949, p. 20, MBL.

34.
Sakaida, Nila, and Takaki,
I-400
, p. 87.

35.
Ibid.

36.
Kazuo Nishijima, interview by author; Tsugio Yata, interview by author.

37.
Tsugio Yata, interview by author.

38.
Sato,
Maboroshi no Sensui Kubo
, p. 274.

39.
Ibid., p. 275.

40.
Muneo Bando, interview by author.

41.
Nicholas D. Kristof, “Nobuo Fujita, 85, Is Dead; Only Foe to Bomb America,”
New York Times
, October 3, 1977.

42.
Blair,
Silent Victory
, p. 885.

43.
Chin-Ji Inouye, interview by author.

44.
Carlo M. Carlucci, interview by author.

45.
Zenji Orita with Joseph D. Harrington,
I-Boat Captain: How Japan
’s
Submarine
Force Almost Defeated the U.S. Navy in the Pacific!
(Canoga Park, Calif.: Major Books, 1976), p. 315.

46.
United States vs. Hisashi Ichioka et al.
, Case no. 339, March 30, 1949, p. 3; April 14, 1949, pp. 5, 19, Macmillan Brown Library, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

47.
Ibid., pp. 6, 20.

48.
“War Responsibility: Delving into the Past (15); Lower-Ranked Officers Also to Blame,”
Daily Yomiuri
, August 15, 2006,
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/features/0007/15.htm
.

49.
Robert C. Mikesh,
Aichi M6A1 Seiran: Japan’s Submarine Launched Panama Canal Bomber
, Close-Up 13 (Boylston, Mass.: Monogram Aviation Publications, 1975), p. 27.

50.
Ibid., pp. 9, 27.

51.
Thomas O. Paine, “The Transpacific Voyage of HIJMS
I-400
, Tom Paine’s Journal: July 1945–January 1946,” February 1991,
http://www.pacerfarm.org/i-400/
.

52.
John D. Butler,
Coming of Age: The SSGN Concept
, pt. 1, “Undersea Warfare Professional Development,” August 2002,
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2002/ssgn-001.pdf
.

53.
Ibid.

54.
Norman Polmar, interview by author.

55.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

56.
Edward Wong, “China Navy Reaches Far, Unsettling Region,”
New York Times
, June 15, 2011, p. A11.

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